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X PPPVN > Flea and Wormer > Flashcards

Flea and Wormer Flashcards

1
Q

define ectoparasite

A

parasites which usually live on or burrow into the surface of the host’s epidermis

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2
Q

give 2 examples of ectoparasites

A

fleas

ticks

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3
Q

define endoparasite

A

parasites that live in the internal organs of the host

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4
Q

give 2 example of endoparasites

A

roundworms

protozoa

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5
Q

describe the life cycle of fleas

A

eggs hatch 2-3 days after laying. Move into larval stage of 3 phases which lasts 5-10 days before pupating. One in the pupal stage can last for 5-10 days or up to 6 months if in a cocoon. Hatch due to the presence of host and live for up to 2 months

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6
Q

how many days after laying to flea eggs hatch?

A

2-3 days

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7
Q

how many stages are there within the larval phase?

A

3

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8
Q

how long does the larval phase last?

A

5-10 days

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9
Q

how long does the pupae stage last?

A

5-10 days but can be up to 6 months in a cocoon

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10
Q

what causes pupae to hatch?

A

presence of host, compressions, vibrations or heat can stimulate this

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11
Q

what makes flea infestation difficult to manage?

A

while fleas on the animal may be killed, those in cocoons in the carpet are very resistant and proper cleaning/washing/treatment of surfaces is also needed to interrupt the lifecycle.

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12
Q

how long is the adult flea life stage?

A

up to 2 months on host

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13
Q

what parts of the tick life cyle can carry disease?

A

any so tick protection is needed throughout the year

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14
Q

what happens when a tick bites?

A

inserts anaesthetic to prevent the animal from feeling the bite and so potentially dislodging the tick. This can introduce disease into the bloodstream alongside the saliva.

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15
Q

how many hours does it usually take for disease to transfer from the tick to the host?

A

36-48 hours

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16
Q

what are the most common ticks?

A

deer/sheep ticks

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17
Q

describe the life cycle of ticks

A

eggs laid in spring, in summer larva feed from primary host and detach once full. Become nymphs after the first blood meal and attach to secondary host in the spring. Detach and become adults, they feed again and lay eggs in the spring.

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18
Q

what are the primary hosts of ticks?

A

mice/rats

birds

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19
Q

what are the secondary hosts of ticks?

A

humans, deer, dogs/cats

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20
Q

when is risk of infection from ticks greatest?

A

spring

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21
Q

name some common endoparasites

A

tapeworm

nematodes (roundworm)

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22
Q

give an example of a tapeworm

A

dipylidium caninum

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23
Q

give 2 examples of zoonotic nematodes

A

toxacara canis

hookworm (ancylostoma caninum)

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24
Q

give 2 examples of non-zoonotic nematodes

A

whipworm - trichuris vulpis

lungworm - angiostrongylus vasorum

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25
Q

give 2 examples of protozoa

A

toxoplasma gondii

Gardia

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26
Q

what is tapeworm transmitted via?

A

biting fleas or ingestion of infested prey

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27
Q

what are the signs of toxacara canis?

A

vomiting
diarrhoea
pot bellies
stunted growth

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28
Q

where do puppies catch toxacara canis from?

A

mother, either via contact or milk

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29
Q

what can toxacara canis cause in children?

A

blindness

30
Q

what are the signs of hookworm and whipworm?

A

diarrhoea
anemia
lethargy
weight loss

31
Q

what is lungworm caused by?

A

eating slugs/snails

32
Q

what can toxoplasma gondii cause in humans?

A

abortion

33
Q

what are the signs of Gardia?

A

vomiting
diarrhoea
weightloss
lethargy

34
Q

how is advocate administered?

A

spot on

35
Q

how regularly does advocate need to be administered?

A

monthly

36
Q

how does advocate work?

A

kills on contact with the flea as well as being absorbed into the bloodstream where it moves to the intestines and paralyses worms so they are passed in faeces

37
Q

what are the active ingredients of advocate?

A

imidacloprid

moxidectin

38
Q

what does imidacloprid do?

A

spreads across skin and kills fleas

39
Q

what does moxidectin do?

A

absorbed into skin and paralyses worms in GI tract

40
Q

what is milbemax?

A

tablet

41
Q

how often does milbemax need to be given?

A

every 6 months

42
Q

what are the active ingredients of milbemax?

A

milbemycin and praziquantel

43
Q

what is the role of milbemycin?

A

broad spectrum anti parasitic

44
Q

what is the role of praziquantel?

A

treats tapeworm

45
Q

what mustn’t milbemax be given with

A

milbemycin flea treatement - overdose

46
Q

what is nexguard spectra?

A

chewable tablet

47
Q

what are the active ingredients of nexguard spectra?

A

afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime

48
Q

what does afoxolaner do?

A

kills all fleas on pets within 6 hours and prevents adults from laying eggs

49
Q

what is nexguard spectra active against?

A 
fleas
ticks
mites
roundworms
lungworm
demodex 
sarcoptes
50
Q

what are the active ingredients of drontol plus?

A

praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate and febantel

51
Q

what does pyrantel pamoate target?

A

hookworms

52
Q

what does febantel target?

A

roundworms

53
Q

in what form is drontol plus given?

A

tablets

54
Q

how long does a seresto collar last for?

A

7-8 months

55
Q

what are the active ingredients of seresto collars?

A

imidaclorprid and flumethrin

56
Q

what is the effect of a seresto collar?

A

repels fleas and ticks and kills those that coem into contact with the collar

57
Q

what are the active ingredients of milpro?

A

milbemycin and praziquantel

58
Q

what is broadline?

A

spot on for cats

59
Q

what are the active ingredients of broadline?

A

fipronil
S-methopreneare
eprinimectin
praziquantil

60
Q

what does broadline treat?

A

broad spectrum for worms and fleas

61
Q

what are the three main points of an ideal flea/worm product?

A

broad spectrum
long acting
easy to administer

62
Q

what prescription category are most flea/wormers?

A

POM-V

63
Q

what are the general contraindications for flea/wormers?

A

ivermectin - sensitivity reported in collies
permetherin - toxic to cats but found in dog wormers
previous reactions
drontal plus is not for use in pregnant bitches as it can cause early abortion

64
Q

how can reactions to new products be checked?

A

give new flea and then new wormer 2 days later to discover which if any cause a reaction

65
Q

What does Advocate treat?

A

roundworm, lungworm, fleas and mites

66
Q

what does milbemax treat?

A

broad spectrum anti parasitic (esp. tapeworms)

67
Q

what is drontol plus active against?

A

tapeworm and roundworm

68
Q

what is the seresto collar effective against?

A

fleas and ticks

69
Q

what is milpro effective against?

A

anti parasitic inc tapeworms

70
Q

what is broad line effective against?

A

broad spectrum for worms and fleas

X PPPVN (27 decks)

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