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X PPPVN > Nursing Process and Models > Flashcards

Nursing Process and Models Flashcards

1
Q

who developed the idea of the nursing process?

A

Florence Nightingale

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2
Q

what is the nursing process?

A

not just treating the disease but looking at the patient holistically and ensuring good sanitation and hygiene

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3
Q

who argued that those who teach control the content of the occupation?

A

Peplau (1987)

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4
Q

what is a model according to Stockwell (1985)?

A

a simplified way of organising a complex phenomenon

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5
Q

how is the patient viewed according to the medical model?

A

as a complex set of anatomical parts and physiological symptoms (Aggleton and Chalmers)

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6
Q

why does the medical model encourage a disease orientated approach to the patient?

A

emphasises anatomical, physiological and biomedical malfunction as the causes of ill health

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7
Q

what sort of approach should nurses have towards patients?

A

individualised, holistic, patient orientated approach

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8
Q

what approach should veterinary nurses have?

A

both disease and patient orientated

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9
Q

what did M Walsh (1997) say about the nursing quest?

A

if nurses wish to be able to deliver the quality of care that they feel patients deserve, they must know what that care is and how it should be delivered

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10
Q

how many stages in the nursing process?

A

5

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11
Q

what are the 5 stages of the nursing process?

A 
assessment 
diagnosis
outcome/planning
implementation
evaluation
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12
Q

what happens during the assessment phase of the nursing process?

A

information collection/gathering data

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13
Q

what happens during the diagnosis phase of the nursing process?

A

information interpretation. Stating problems and strengths

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14
Q

what happens during the outcome/planning phase of the nursing process?

A

setting nursing goals, desired outcomes and planning interventions

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15
Q

what happens during the implementation phase of the nursing process?

A

performing nursing interventions

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16
Q

what happens during the evaluation phase of the nursing process?

A

patient’s status and effectiveness of nursing interventions assessed

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17
Q

is one stage of the nursing process more important than another?

A

no - but assessment is key as this forms the basis of the remainder of the process

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18
Q

when admitting patients what information should be gained?

A

history (from patient record)
current state
individual needs and routines

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19
Q

during assessment what can wrong information lead to?

A

wrong action

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20
Q

during assessment what can lack of information lead to?

A

inadequate action

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21
Q

what is involved in a nursing diagnosis?

A 
making judgements for nursing interventions based on clinical assessment of the patient
mobility
dehydration
feeding/excretion
grooming
social behavior
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22
Q

what problems must be considered while nursing?

A 
actual problems (those currently happening - pain, difficulty grooming, eating)
potential problems (those that could happen and must be monitored and prevented - infection, stress)
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23
Q

what can information gathered during the assessment stage be used for?

A

formulation of a plan

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24
Q

what are the aims of a nursing plan?

A

solve problems identified
prevent identified potential problems becoming actual problems
prevent problem treated reoccurring
help the patient be as comfortable as possible even if death is inevitable
help the patient and client cope with those problems tht cannot be solved

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25
Q

what must happen after administration of any treatment?

A

recording on drug chart and care plan. All entries should be initialed

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26
Q

what do nursing models provide?

A

the nurse with key pointers regarding patient assessment, goals, interventions and an evaluation appropriate to the individual

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27
Q

what are the 5 aspects of the nursing process?

A 
assessment
diagnosis
planning
implementation
evaluation
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28
Q

why are nursing models needed?

A 
nursing process does not:
say what to look for in assessment
say what form a care plan should take
specify appropriate interventions
specify what standards evaluation of actions should be made against
29
Q

what do nursing models provide for nurses?

A

key pointers regarding patient assessment, goals, interventions and an evaluation appropriate to the individual

30
Q

what does the logical development of nursing models allow?

A

adaption to meet specific patient requirements within the care plan

31
Q

give the 5 main reasons to use a nursing model

A

consistency of care
less conflict between nurses over care required
incorporates care given by other members of the team
gives direction to nursing care
guides decision making

32
Q

what are the 3 main models of nursing care?

A

Orem’s self-care model of nursing
Roper, Logan and Tierney (RLT) model of nursing
The Ability Model

33
Q

who designed the Ability Model?

A

Orpet and Jeffery

34
Q

when was Orem’s model first published?

A

1971

35
Q

what is the key element of Orem’s model?

A

self-care

36
Q

who does Orem believe should be responsible for patient care?

A

the patient and their immediate family (owner in veterinary medicine)

37
Q

according to Orem when should the nurse/practitioner become involved in patient care?

A

when the patients ability to to achieve the 8 needs is compromised

38
Q

how did Orem believe an individual meets their self care needs?

A

through learning rather than instinctively - menaing they could learn how to address their 8 needs

39
Q

what are the issues with Orem’s model for veterinary practice?

A

more intervention is often needed - from owner or nurse

teaching is more complex/difficult

40
Q

what are the 8 universal self care needs according to Orem?

A 
sufficient intake of air
sufficient intake of water
sufficient intake of food
satisfactory eliminative functions
activity balanced with rest
balance between solitude and social interaction
prevention of hazards to life, species functioning and wellbeing
normalcy
41
Q

what does planning/implementation in Orem’s model focus on?

A

how the patient can achieve universal care needs with the nurse involved only when essential

42
Q

what does the evaluation in Orem’s model focus on?

A

ability of patient or family to perform self care improving

43
Q

how does Orem view the nursing process?

A

fluid with the nursing history (assessment) as a continuing process as more information about the patient is learned

44
Q

what are the developmental self care requisites identified by Orem?

A 
intrauterine life and birth
neonatal life
infancy, adolescence and early adulthood
progressive stages of adulthood
pregnancy
45
Q

define self care

A

ability of each individual to take care of themselves

46
Q

what term does Orem use to describe assessment of the patient?

A

nursing history

47
Q

what is the role of the nurse in Orem’s model?

A

help others to do for themselves or educate family members to facilitate self-care and only provide health care in cases where the person is wholly unable to do so

48
Q

who devised the RLT model?

A

Nancy roper
Winifred Logan
Alison Tierney

49
Q

what does the RLT model assess?

A

the patients relative independence and potential for independence in the activities of daily living

50
Q

when was the RLT model originally devised?

A

1976

51
Q

what does the RLT framework encourage with regards to looking at the patient?

A

a holistic view of the patient not just of the disease process

52
Q

when was the RLT model first applied in clinical situations to human patients?

A

1983

53
Q

why is the RLT model so popular?

A

its simplistic structure

ease of application to a wide range of clinical settings

54
Q

what are the 5 parts of the RLT model?

A 
activities of living
patient lifespan
dependence-independence continuum
factors affecting activities of daily living
individuality in living
55
Q

what are the 12 activities of living?

A 
maintaining a safe environment
communicating
breathing
eating and drinking
eliminating
personal dressing and cleansing
controlling body temperature
mobilising
working and playing
expressing sexuality
sleeping
dying
56
Q

what are the 4 defined sections of a patients lifespan (human)?

A

baby/toddler
adolescence
adulthood
senior citizen/OAP

57
Q

what specialist knowledge is required of veterinary nurses when considering patient lifespan?

A

prior knowledge and understanding of life stages for each species

58
Q

what is the dependence-independence continuum?

A

shows level of competency plotted on a continuum

59
Q

what does the dependence-independence continuum prompt?

A

implementation of effective nursing care to allow patient to carry out each activity

60
Q

what can the dependence-independence continuum be a good tool for?

A

goal setting and assessment

61
Q

what are the 4 factors which influence the activities of living?

A 
biological
psychological
sociocultural
environmental
politicoeconomic
62
Q

what is covered by individuality in living?

A

how patients carry out each activity of living differently (individual differences)

63
Q

who designed the Ability model?

A

Hilary Orpet and Andrea Jeffery

64
Q

what influenced the creation of the Ability model?

A

RLT and Orem models

65
Q

what is the assessment phase structured around in the Ability model?

A

what the animal is able to do or not do by itself - its abilities

66
Q

what are the 10 abilities of the Ability model?

A 
is the animal able to:
eat an adequate amount
drink an adequate amount
urinate normally
defecate normally
breathe normally
maintain body temperature
groom itself
mobilise adequately
sleep/rest
express normal behavior/interact normally
67
Q

what are the influencing factors of the Ability model?

A

cultural differences (owner)
owner compliance
financial implications
life stage

68
Q

what are the 3 key components of the Ability Model?

A

Ability Assessment Chart
nursing plan
influencing factors

X PPPVN (27 decks)

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