October 25 Review Quiz Flashcards
What is the difference between a primary and secondary endocrine disorder?
A primary endocrine disorder is caused by a problem in the gland the secretes a hormone whose action is directed toward other tissues rather than to another gland, but a secondary endocrine disorder is caused by a problem with a gland that secretes a hormone whose target tissues are another gland that it stimulates or suppresses
What is the difference between thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic crisis?
Thyrotoxicosis is the effects of having too much thyroid hormone, as seen with hyperthyroidism, but thyrotoxic crisis is the effects of dangerously high levels of thyroid hormone, with high fever, extreme tachycardia, and potential death from heart failure or cardiac dysrhythmias
What is the difference between neurogenic and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a problem in the hypothalamus of posterior pituitary that decreases ADH release, but nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a problem in the kidney itself that causes insensitivity to ADH.
What is the difference between acromegaly and gigantism?
Acromegaly occurs with hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults, but gigantism occurs with hypersecretion of growth hormone in children and adolescents whose epiphyseal plates have not yet closed, so their long bones are able to grow.
SIADH clinical manifestations
Lethargy, hyponatremia, perhaps seizure, decreased plasma osmolality, concentrated urine
Hypothyroidism clinical manifestations
Lethargy, cold intolerance, hoarseness, nonpitting boggy edema around the eyes, coarse hair, decreased body temperature
Pheochromocytoma clinical manifestations
Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, severe headache, diaphoresis, heat intolerance, weight loss constipation
Adrenal adenoma causing hypersecretion of androgens in a woman clinical manifestations
Virilization, lack of breast development, hirsutism, increased muscle bulk
Diabetic ketoacidosis clinical manifestations
Polyuria, decreased level of consciousness, Kussmaul breathing, acetone smell to breath, hyperglycemia, decreased blood pH, ketonuria, glycosuria
Hypoglycemia clinical manifestations
Tachycardia, diaphoresis, tremor, pallor, confusion, decreased level of consciousness, perhaps seizure
Primary hyperaldosteronism clinical manifestations
Hypertension, hypokalemia, increased blood pH, increased urine potassium
Type I diabetes mellitus clinical manifestations
Polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, increased appetite, weight loss, hyperglycemia, glycosuria
Diabetes insipidus clinical manifestations
Polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, hypernatremia, increased plasma osmolality, large volume of dilute urine
Addison disease clinical manifestations
Weakness, fatigue, hypotension, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, elevated ACTH
Right pulmonary artery function
Transports deoxygentated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung
Superior vena cava function
Conveys deoxygenaed blood from head and upper extremities to right atrium
Pulmonary valve function
Provides one-way flow of blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
Tricuspid valve function
Provides one-way flow of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle
Chordae tendinae function
Anchors the valve cusps to the papillary muscles to prevent valve prolapse
Inferior vena cava function
Conveys deoxygenated blood fron trunk and lower extremities to the right atrium
Interventricular septum function
Separates the righ tand left ventricles
Mitral valve function
Provides one-way flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle
Aortic valve function
Provides one way flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
Left pulmonary vein function
Transports oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium
