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Pathophys McCance SFSU > October 25 Review Quiz > Flashcards

October 25 Review Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a primary and secondary endocrine disorder?

A

A primary endocrine disorder is caused by a problem in the gland the secretes a hormone whose action is directed toward other tissues rather than to another gland, but a secondary endocrine disorder is caused by a problem with a gland that secretes a hormone whose target tissues are another gland that it stimulates or suppresses

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2
Q

What is the difference between thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic crisis?

A

Thyrotoxicosis is the effects of having too much thyroid hormone, as seen with hyperthyroidism, but thyrotoxic crisis is the effects of dangerously high levels of thyroid hormone, with high fever, extreme tachycardia, and potential death from heart failure or cardiac dysrhythmias

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3
Q

What is the difference between neurogenic and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a problem in the hypothalamus of posterior pituitary that decreases ADH release, but nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a problem in the kidney itself that causes insensitivity to ADH.

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4
Q

What is the difference between acromegaly and gigantism?

A

Acromegaly occurs with hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults, but gigantism occurs with hypersecretion of growth hormone in children and adolescents whose epiphyseal plates have not yet closed, so their long bones are able to grow.

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5
Q

SIADH clinical manifestations

A

Lethargy, hyponatremia, perhaps seizure, decreased plasma osmolality, concentrated urine

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6
Q

Hypothyroidism clinical manifestations

A

Lethargy, cold intolerance, hoarseness, nonpitting boggy edema around the eyes, coarse hair, decreased body temperature

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7
Q

Pheochromocytoma clinical manifestations

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, severe headache, diaphoresis, heat intolerance, weight loss constipation

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8
Q

Adrenal adenoma causing hypersecretion of androgens in a woman clinical manifestations

A

Virilization, lack of breast development, hirsutism, increased muscle bulk

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9
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis clinical manifestations

A

Polyuria, decreased level of consciousness, Kussmaul breathing, acetone smell to breath, hyperglycemia, decreased blood pH, ketonuria, glycosuria

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10
Q

Hypoglycemia clinical manifestations

A

Tachycardia, diaphoresis, tremor, pallor, confusion, decreased level of consciousness, perhaps seizure

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11
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism clinical manifestations

A

Hypertension, hypokalemia, increased blood pH, increased urine potassium

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12
Q

Type I diabetes mellitus clinical manifestations

A

Polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, increased appetite, weight loss, hyperglycemia, glycosuria

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13
Q

Diabetes insipidus clinical manifestations

A

Polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, hypernatremia, increased plasma osmolality, large volume of dilute urine

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14
Q

Addison disease clinical manifestations

A

Weakness, fatigue, hypotension, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, elevated ACTH

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15
Q

Right pulmonary artery function

A

Transports deoxygentated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung

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16
Q

Superior vena cava function

A

Conveys deoxygenaed blood from head and upper extremities to right atrium

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17
Q

Pulmonary valve function

A

Provides one-way flow of blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

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18
Q

Tricuspid valve function

A

Provides one-way flow of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle

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19
Q

Chordae tendinae function

A

Anchors the valve cusps to the papillary muscles to prevent valve prolapse

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20
Q

Inferior vena cava function

A

Conveys deoxygenated blood fron trunk and lower extremities to the right atrium

21
Q

Interventricular septum function

A

Separates the righ tand left ventricles

22
Q

Mitral valve function

A

Provides one-way flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle

23
Q

Aortic valve function

A

Provides one way flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta

24
Q

Left pulmonary vein function

A

Transports oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium

25
Q

Left pulmonary artery function

A

Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left lung

26
Q

Aorta (aortic arch) function

A

Transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation

27
Q

Automaticity

A

Ability to generate spontaneous depolarization to threshold potential

28
Q

Afterload

A

Resistance to ejection during systole

29
Q

Negative inotropic effect

A

Causing decreased myocardial contractility

30
Q

Contractility

A

Ability of the heart muscle to shorten, generateing force; change in developed tension at a given resting fiber length

31
Q

Preload

A

The pressure generated at the end of diastole

32
Q

Negative chronotropic effect

A

Causing a decreased heart rate

33
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood flowing into the systemic (or pulmonary) circuit in one minute

34
Q

Rhythmicity

A

Ability to generate action potentials in a regular pattern

35
Q

Acronym for clot formation in a large vein, usually in lower extremities

A

DVT

36
Q

Nonspecific marker of inflammation measured to assess cardiac risk

A

CRP

37
Q

Another term for Prinzmetal angina

A

Variant

38
Q

Localized outpouching or dilation of a vessel wall or cardiac chamber

A

Aneurysm

39
Q

Blood clot that is attacked to the endothelium in a blood vessel or cardiac chamber

A

Thrombus

40
Q

Type of angina caused by a clot temporarily occluding a coronary artery, resolved before necrosis occurs

A

Unstable

41
Q

Valve cusps billow backward into valve opening when valve should be closed

A

Prolapse

42
Q

Acronym for type of lipoprotein that migrates into arterial walls in artherosclerosis

A

LDL

43
Q

Cardiac biomarker measured in blood to detect myocardial infarction

A

Troponin

44
Q

Disturbance of cardiac rhythm

A

Dysrhythmia

45
Q

A bolus of matter circulating in the blood

A

Embolus

46
Q

Lack of oxygen in tissue due to lack of blood supply

A

Ischemia

47
Q

The lesion of artherosclerosis

A

Plaque

48
Q

Acronym for a myocardial infarction that shows ST-segment elevation on ECG

A

STEMI

49
Q

Acronym for elevated systolic blood pressure accompanied by normal diastolic blood pressure

A

ISH

Pathophys McCance SFSU (14 decks)

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