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Pathophys McCance SFSU > Ch 2 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology > Flashcards

Ch 2 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Apoptosis

A

Cell death that involves orderly dismantling of cell components and packaging the remainders in vesicles.

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2
Q

Free radical

A

An atom or group of atoms having an unpaired electron

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3
Q

Livor mortis

A

Purple discoloration of dependent tissues after death.

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4
Q

Accidental hypothermia

A

Unintentional decreases of core body temperature below 35C (95F).

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5
Q

Rigor mortis

A

Stiffening of skeletal muscles after death.

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6
Q

Coagulative necrosis

A

Area of cell death in which denatured proteins appear firm and opaque.

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7
Q

Autophagy

A

A type of cellular housekeeping in which a cell digests some of its own components.

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8
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

Area of cell death in which cells disintegrate, but the debris is not digested completely by enzymes.

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9
Q

Pick one: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia

Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of increased amounts of estrogen.

A

Hyperplasia

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10
Q

Pick one: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia

Man who lifts weights regularly develops larger biceps.

A

Hypertrophy

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11
Q

Pick one: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia

Thymus gland decreases in size during childhood.

A

Atrophy

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12
Q

Pick one: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia

Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium.

A

Metaplasia

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13
Q

Pick one: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia

Cap’t of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter on left than right from skating clockwise.

A

Hypertrophy

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14
Q

Pick one: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia

Left calf is smaller than right calf when a cast is removed from it.

A

Atrophy

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15
Q

Pick one: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia

Liver regenerates after surgical removal of damaged portion.

A

Hyperplasia

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16
Q

Select the correct words:

Cell death by (necrosis/apoptosis) causes inflammation, but cell death by (necrosis/apoptosis) does not.

A

Necrosis

Apoptosis

17
Q

Select the correct word:

Dysplasia is also called (normal/atypical) hyperplasia.

A

atypical

18
Q

Select the correct word:

Release of (potassium/calcium) ions from intracellular stores into cytoplasm during ischemia damages the cell.

A

calcium

19
Q

Select the correct words:

Compared with normal aerobic metabolism, cells that use anaerobic metabolism produce (more/less) ATP and (more/less) lactic acid.

A

less

more

20
Q

Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia

A

Hypertrophy-tissue mass is increased by the enlargement of each individual cell. Cell size increases.

Hyperplasia-tissue mass is increased by adding more cells. The number of cells increases.

21
Q

Metaplasia vs. Dysplasia

A

Metaplasia-reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another, sometimes less differentiated cell type. Ex. pernicious anemia.

Dysplasia-deranged cellular growth. Aka atypical aplasia. Ex. early forms of precancerous lesions.

22
Q

Which information is correct regarding pathologic hyperplasia?

Pathologic hyperplasia:

  1. Produces an abnormal proliferation of abnormal cells.
  2. Is an adaptive mechanism that enables organ regeneration.
  3. Increases cell size.
  4. May occur in response to growth factors.
A
  1. May occur in response to growth factors (and hormones).
23
Q

˜Cells react to adverse influence by

˜ 1) adapting

˜ 2) sustaining reversible injury

˜ 3) suffering irreversible cellular injury- cell death

4) All of the above

A

4) All of the above

24
Q

List some causes of cell injury

A
  • ˜Hypoxia
  • ˜Physical agents
  • ˜Chemical agents
  • ˜Infectious agents
  • ˜Immune and inflammatory responses
  • ˜Genetic factor
  • ˜Nutritional imbalance
25
Q
A
26
Q

Which of the following in not considered an adaptive response:

A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy
E. Metaplasia

A

C. Dysplasia

27
Q

All of the following are features of apoptosis EXCEPT:

A. Cell shrinkage
B. Disorientation of cell plasma membrane lipids
C. Karyolysis
D. No associated inflammation
E. Intact cellular components

A

C. Karyolysis (the dissolution of cell nucleus and lysis of chromatin.)

Pathophys McCance SFSU (14 decks)

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