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Pathophys McCance SFSU > November 29 Review Quiz > Flashcards

November 29 Review Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Increased ADH is a characteristic of _______

A

SIADH

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2
Q

Decreased ADH is a characteristic of _______

A

Diabetes insipidus

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3
Q

BUN normal lab range

A

10-20 mg/dL

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4
Q

Cr normal lab range

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

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5
Q

Protein in urine, normal and abnormal lab values

A

1-2 mg

Abnl >30 mg

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6
Q

pH of urine normal lab range

A

4.5-8

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7
Q

Specific gravity of urine normal lab range

A

1.003-1.030

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8
Q

Structure that filters blood into Bowman’s capsule

A

Glomerulus

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9
Q

Structure that reabsorbs most electrolytes

A

Proximal tubule

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10
Q

Structure that reabsorbs water without ADH

A

Loop of henle

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11
Q

Structures that reabsorb H20 with ADH

A

Distal tubule and collecting duct

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12
Q

Natriuretic peptides (increase, decrease) renal excretion of sodium and water; ADH (increases, decrease) renal excretion of water, which (increases, decrease) urine specific gravity

A

Increase; decrease; increases

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13
Q

What do BNP/ANP do in the kidney?

A

Inhibit water/sodium absorption

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14
Q

Elimination of substances in the urine is called _____

A

Excretion

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15
Q

The amount of plasma filtered per unit time is the _____

A

Glomerular filtration rate

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16
Q

All of the glomeruli are located in the renal (medulla, cortex)

A

Cortex

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17
Q 
Write the letters here in the correct order of the steps:
glomerular capillaries
proximal convoluted tubule
bladder
renal pelvis
filtration slits
loop of henle
bowman’s space
distal convoluted tubule
Ureter
Collecting duct
A 
Glomerular capillaries
Filtration slits
Bowman's space
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Bladder
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18
Q

Composition of mineral salts that cause kidney stones (nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis)

A

Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate: 70% to 80%
Struvite (magnesium, ammonium, phosphate): 15%
Uric acid: 7%
Cystine: 1%

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19
Q

Salts that cause alkaline urine

A

Ca ox, Ca phos, struvite

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20
Q

salts that cause acidic urine

A

Uric acid, cystine

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21
Q

Staghorn calculi

A

Are large and fill the minor and major calyces.

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22
Q

Medications that create renal stones

A

Antacids, vit D, laxatives, aspirins

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23
Q

Kidney stones clinical manifestations

A

Renal colic pain, nausea, dysuria, CVA tenderness

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24
Q

Diagnostic tests for kidney stones

A

KUB, UA, 24 hour urine collection, IV pyelogram, US

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25
Q

Kidney stone treatment

A

Pain relief, hydration, strain urine,

>1cm= Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

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26
Q

Cystitis

A

Bladder inflammation

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27
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of upper urinary tract/kidneys

28
Q

Glomerulonephritis pathophys

A

Formation of immune complexes (antigen/antibody) in the circulation with subsequent deposition in glomerulus
Antibodies produced against the organism that cross-react with the glomerular endothelial cells
Activation of complement
Recruitment and activation of immune cells and mediators

29
Q

Glomerulonephritis treatment

A

Steroids, cytotoxic agent

30
Q

Structure that facilitates reabsorption of bicarbonate

A

Distal tubule

31
Q

In addition to relieving pain, rapid removal of an urinary tract obstruction is important, because the accumulating urine cause back pressure that (kills, hyperstimulates) renal cells.

A

Kills

32
Q

When one kidney develops irreversible damage, the other kidney (makes additional nephrons, undergoes hypertrophy of existing glomeruli and tubules)

A

Undergoes hypertrophy of existing glomeruli and tubules

33
Q

Obstruction to urine flow in the lower urinary tract include obstruction of the _____ in men and prolapse of the _____ in women.

A

Prostate; bladder

34
Q

An alkaline urinary pH significantly increases the risk for (calcium phosphate, uric acid) stone formation, where as acidic urine increases the risk for a (calcium phosphate, uric acid) stone

A

Calcium phosphate; uric acid

35
Q

Urinary stones, also called _____, most commonly are composed of _____ salts, but may have a different composition depending on the person’s risk factors and the characteristics of the urine

A

Uroliathisis; calcium

36
Q

The sites where urinary stones are most likely to obstruct the urinary system are at the _____ and _____

A

Pelvic ureter junction (aka ureteropelvic junction) and vesicoureter junction (aka vesico-uretic junction)

37
Q

The most common type of urinary stone

A

Calcium oxalate

38
Q

Associated with gout

A

Uric acid

39
Q

Mineral associated with staghorn formation in kidney pelvis

A

Struvite

40
Q

On assessment of the patient with renal calculi passing down the renal ureter, the nurse would expect the patient to report?

A

Severe, colicky back pain radiating to the groin

41
Q

True or false: Acute pyelonephritis causes progressive destruction of nephrons resulting in chronic renal insufficiency

A

False

42
Q

True or false: In a patient with acute pyelonephritis, an IVP may be performed after the infection is resolved to evaluate the urinary system for abnormalities

A

True

43
Q

True or false: Diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis always requires a urine culture and sensitivity test

A

True

44
Q

True or false: Following initial treatment of acute pyelonephritis, the patient must have a follow-up CBC

A

False, also need to include culture

45
Q

The process of urination

A

Micturition

46
Q

Red blood cells in the urine

A

Hematuria

47
Q

The bladder wall muscle

A

Detrusor

48
Q

Accumulations of precipitated material in the urine that have a cylindrical shape like a mold of a section of tubule

A

Casts

49
Q

Precipitated material in the urine that increase as urine cools

A

Crystals

50
Q

The area of the bladder between the openings of the ureters and the urethra

A

Trigone

51
Q

White blood cells in the urine

A

Pyuria

52
Q

Small openings in the glomerular endothelium called _____ are maintained by vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by the _____

A

Fenestrae; podocytes

53
Q

The (internal, external) urethral sphincter is under voluntary control and is innervated by the (pudendal, phrenic) somatic nerve.

A

External; pudendal

54
Q

Urea is a product of (carbohydrate, protein) breakdown; recycling of urea within the renal medulla is necessary to (concentrate, filter) urine.

A

Protein; concentrate

55
Q

Blood entering the peritubular capillaries has (low, high) hydrostatic pressure and (low, high) oncotic pressure, which facilitates (secretion, reabsorption) of fluid from the proximal convoluted tubules.

A

Low; high; reabsorption

56
Q

Dilation of a ureter by accumulated urine

A

Hydroureter

57
Q

Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces by accumulated urine

A

Hydronephrosis

58
Q

Narrowing of the lumen of a urethra

A

Urethral stricture

59
Q

Large urinary stone that has assumed the shape of the renal pelvis and calyces

A

Staghorn calculus

60
Q

The technical term for bladder dysfunction due to neurologic problems is _____

A

Neurogenic bladder

61
Q

Cigarette smoking, arsenic in drinking water, and exposure to aniline dyes are risk factors for (renal, bladder) cancer, which is characterized by (painless, pain and) hematuria.

A

Bladder; painless

62
Q

The most common route by which bacteria reach the bladder is (through the blood, retrograde up the urethra); the most common route by which bacteria reach the kidney is (through the blood, retrograde up the ureter)

A

Retrograde up the urethra; retrograde up the ureter

63
Q

The only manifestations of cystitis in an older adult may be development of _____

A

Confusion

64
Q

Acute pyelonephritis primarily affects the _____ and is associated with sudden onset of fever, chills and flank or groin pain; chronic pyelonephritis primarily involves inflammation and fibrosis of the renal _____

A

Renal tubules; interstitium

65
Q

In IgA nephropathy, the bone marrow makes antibodies against _____ that trigger glomerular injury, often after a _____ infection

A

Abnormal IgA; viral

66
Q

Proteinuria and angiotensin II contribute to (reversible, irreversible) renal damage in (acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease).

A

Irreversible; chronic kidney disease

Pathophys McCance SFSU (14 decks)

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