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Pathophys McCance SFSU > November 29 Review Quiz > Flashcards

November 29 Review Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Increased ADH is a characteristic of _______

A

SIADH

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2
Q

Decreased ADH is a characteristic of _______

A

Diabetes insipidus

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3
Q

BUN normal lab range

A

10-20 mg/dL

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4
Q

Cr normal lab range

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

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5
Q

Protein in urine, normal and abnormal lab values

A

1-2 mg

Abnl >30 mg

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6
Q

pH of urine normal lab range

A

4.5-8

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7
Q

Specific gravity of urine normal lab range

A

1.003-1.030

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8
Q

Structure that filters blood into Bowman’s capsule

A

Glomerulus

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9
Q

Structure that reabsorbs most electrolytes

A

Proximal tubule

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10
Q

Structure that reabsorbs water without ADH

A

Loop of henle

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11
Q

Structures that reabsorb H20 with ADH

A

Distal tubule and collecting duct

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12
Q

Natriuretic peptides (increase, decrease) renal excretion of sodium and water; ADH (increases, decrease) renal excretion of water, which (increases, decrease) urine specific gravity

A

Increase; decrease; increases

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13
Q

What do BNP/ANP do in the kidney?

A

Inhibit water/sodium absorption

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14
Q

Elimination of substances in the urine is called _____

A

Excretion

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15
Q

The amount of plasma filtered per unit time is the _____

A

Glomerular filtration rate

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16
Q

All of the glomeruli are located in the renal (medulla, cortex)

A

Cortex

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17
Q 
Write the letters here in the correct order of the steps:
glomerular capillaries
proximal convoluted tubule
bladder
renal pelvis
filtration slits
loop of henle
bowman’s space
distal convoluted tubule
Ureter
Collecting duct
A 
Glomerular capillaries
Filtration slits
Bowman's space
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Bladder
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18
Q

Composition of mineral salts that cause kidney stones (nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis)

A

Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate: 70% to 80%
Struvite (magnesium, ammonium, phosphate): 15%
Uric acid: 7%
Cystine: 1%

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19
Q

Salts that cause alkaline urine

A

Ca ox, Ca phos, struvite

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20
Q

salts that cause acidic urine

A

Uric acid, cystine

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21
Q

Staghorn calculi

A

Are large and fill the minor and major calyces.

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22
Q

Medications that create renal stones

A

Antacids, vit D, laxatives, aspirins

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23
Q

Kidney stones clinical manifestations

A

Renal colic pain, nausea, dysuria, CVA tenderness

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24
Q

Diagnostic tests for kidney stones

A

KUB, UA, 24 hour urine collection, IV pyelogram, US

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25
Kidney stone treatment
Pain relief, hydration, strain urine, | >1cm= Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
26
Cystitis
Bladder inflammation
27
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of upper urinary tract/kidneys
28
Glomerulonephritis pathophys
Formation of immune complexes (antigen/antibody) in the circulation with subsequent deposition in glomerulus Antibodies produced against the organism that cross-react with the glomerular endothelial cells Activation of complement Recruitment and activation of immune cells and mediators
29
Glomerulonephritis treatment
Steroids, cytotoxic agent
30
Structure that facilitates reabsorption of bicarbonate
Distal tubule
31
In addition to relieving pain, rapid removal of an urinary tract obstruction is important, because the accumulating urine cause back pressure that (kills, hyperstimulates) renal cells.
Kills
32
When one kidney develops irreversible damage, the other kidney (makes additional nephrons, undergoes hypertrophy of existing glomeruli and tubules)
Undergoes hypertrophy of existing glomeruli and tubules
33
Obstruction to urine flow in the lower urinary tract include obstruction of the _____ in men and prolapse of the _____ in women.
Prostate; bladder
34
An alkaline urinary pH significantly increases the risk for (calcium phosphate, uric acid) stone formation, where as acidic urine increases the risk for a (calcium phosphate, uric acid) stone
Calcium phosphate; uric acid
35
Urinary stones, also called _____, most commonly are composed of _____ salts, but may have a different composition depending on the person's risk factors and the characteristics of the urine
Uroliathisis; calcium
36
The sites where urinary stones are most likely to obstruct the urinary system are at the _____ and _____
Pelvic ureter junction (aka ureteropelvic junction) and vesicoureter junction (aka vesico-uretic junction)
37
The most common type of urinary stone
Calcium oxalate
38
Associated with gout
Uric acid
39
Mineral associated with staghorn formation in kidney pelvis
Struvite
40
On assessment of the patient with renal calculi passing down the renal ureter, the nurse would expect the patient to report?
Severe, colicky back pain radiating to the groin
41
True or false: Acute pyelonephritis causes progressive destruction of nephrons resulting in chronic renal insufficiency
False
42
True or false: In a patient with acute pyelonephritis, an IVP may be performed after the infection is resolved to evaluate the urinary system for abnormalities
True
43
True or false: Diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis always requires a urine culture and sensitivity test
True
44
True or false: Following initial treatment of acute pyelonephritis, the patient must have a follow-up CBC
False, also need to include culture
45
The process of urination
Micturition
46
Red blood cells in the urine
Hematuria
47
The bladder wall muscle
Detrusor
48
Accumulations of precipitated material in the urine that have a cylindrical shape like a mold of a section of tubule
Casts
49
Precipitated material in the urine that increase as urine cools
Crystals
50
The area of the bladder between the openings of the ureters and the urethra
Trigone
51
White blood cells in the urine
Pyuria
52
Small openings in the glomerular endothelium called _____ are maintained by vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by the _____
Fenestrae; podocytes
53
The (internal, external) urethral sphincter is under voluntary control and is innervated by the (pudendal, phrenic) somatic nerve.
External; pudendal
54
Urea is a product of (carbohydrate, protein) breakdown; recycling of urea within the renal medulla is necessary to (concentrate, filter) urine.
Protein; concentrate
55
Blood entering the peritubular capillaries has (low, high) hydrostatic pressure and (low, high) oncotic pressure, which facilitates (secretion, reabsorption) of fluid from the proximal convoluted tubules.
Low; high; reabsorption
56
Dilation of a ureter by accumulated urine
Hydroureter
57
Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces by accumulated urine
Hydronephrosis
58
Narrowing of the lumen of a urethra
Urethral stricture
59
Large urinary stone that has assumed the shape of the renal pelvis and calyces
Staghorn calculus
60
The technical term for bladder dysfunction due to neurologic problems is _____
Neurogenic bladder
61
Cigarette smoking, arsenic in drinking water, and exposure to aniline dyes are risk factors for (renal, bladder) cancer, which is characterized by (painless, pain and) hematuria.
Bladder; painless
62
The most common route by which bacteria reach the bladder is (through the blood, retrograde up the urethra); the most common route by which bacteria reach the kidney is (through the blood, retrograde up the ureter)
Retrograde up the urethra; retrograde up the ureter
63
The only manifestations of cystitis in an older adult may be development of _____
Confusion
64
Acute pyelonephritis primarily affects the _____ and is associated with sudden onset of fever, chills and flank or groin pain; chronic pyelonephritis primarily involves inflammation and fibrosis of the renal _____
Renal tubules; interstitium
65
In IgA nephropathy, the bone marrow makes antibodies against _____ that trigger glomerular injury, often after a _____ infection
Abnormal IgA; viral
66
Proteinuria and angiotensin II contribute to (reversible, irreversible) renal damage in (acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease).
Irreversible; chronic kidney disease

Pathophys McCance SFSU (14 decks)

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