Ch 1 Cell Bio

Question 1

Cell Illustration: Idenitify structures

Answer 1

A. Lysosome

B. Mitochondrion

C. Golgi Apparatus

D. Secretory vesicle

E. Smooth E.R.

F. Ribosome

G. Nucleus

H. Nucleolus

Question 2

Lysosome function

Answer 2

Breaks down nutritional material in cells. Digests foreign matter ingested by WBCs.

Question 3

Mitochondria function

Answer 3

Generates most of the body’s ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

Ribosome function

Answer 4

Synthesizes proteins

Question 5

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 5

Processes and packages lipoproteins, glycoproteins from the ER and enzymes for delivery within and outside the cell.

Question 6

Nucleus function

Answer 6

Serves as a respository of genetic information.

Question 7

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum function

Answer 7

Synthesizes, packages and transports fat and steroid hormones. Communicates with the Golgi complex.

Question 8

Nucleolus function

Answer 8

Synthesiszes ribosomes

Question 9

Secretory Vesicle

Answer 9

Delivers synthesized proteins to their destination outside of the cell.

Question 10

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

Answer 10

• Prokaryote​
  
  • no organelles
  • genetic info is unorganized
  • ex. bacteria
• Eukarote
  
  • many organelles
  • membrane that surrounds the nucleus
  • genetic info organized in the nucleus
  • ex. plant and animal cells

Question 11

Fill in the blank:

Proteins in the nucleus that bind DNA and help regulate its activity are called ________.

Answer 11

histones

Question 12

Fill in the blank:

Cells such as neutrophils that use hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as a defensive weapon synthesize it in their _____________.

Answer 12

peroxisomes

Question 13

Lysosome vs. Peroxisome

Answer 13

Lysosomes:

• contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules into their component parts

Peroxisomes:

• contain oxidative enzymes that help produce hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxidative species.

Question 14

Hypotonic solution

vs.

Isotonic solution

vs.

Hypertonic solution

Answer 14

Hypotonic solution: has a lower osmolality than normal body solutions, i.e., 0.45% NS

Isotonic solution: has the same osmolality as normal body fluids, i.e., D5W, 0.9% NS, LR

Hypertonic solution: has a greater osmolality than normal body fluids, i.e., D10W, D5LR

Question 15

Fill in the blank:

The mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes is called ________ pressure.

Answer 15

hydrostatic

Question 16

Fill in the blank:

Cells that secrete the extracellular matrix are called _____________.

Answer 16

fibroblasts

Question 17

Fill in the blank:

__________ tissue is charaterized by only a few cells surrounded by a lot of extracellular matrix.

Answer 17

Connective

Question 18

Choose the correct word:

Receptors are (proteins/lipids) that bind specific small molecules.

Answer 18

proteins

Question 19

Choose the correct word:

(Active transport/Facilitated diffusion) can move substances against their concentration gradients.

Answer 19

Active transport

Question 20

Choose the correct word:

(Autrocrine/ Paracrine) signals act on nearby cells by (diffusion/active transport) through the interstitial fluid.

Answer 20

Paracrine and diffusion

Question 21

Define

What is a ligand?

Answer 21

A small molecule that binds to a receptor. Can act as a chemical messenger, as in paracrine signaling.

Question 22

Choose the correct word:

If the ECF (extracellular fluid) becomes hypotonic, the water will move (into/out of) the cell.

Answer 22

into

Question 23

Choose the correct word:

If the concentration of glucose in the ECF (extracellular fluid) is greater than its concentration inside the cell (ex, RBC), facilitated diffusion will move glucose (into/ out of) the cell.

Answer 23

into

Remember: Facilitated diffusion transports substances down the concentration gradient, from high to low.

Question 24

Choose the correct word:

If the concentration of substance X in the ECF (extracellular fluid) is greater than its concentration inside the cell, active transport will move substance X (into/ out of) the cell.

Answer 24

out of

Remember: Active transport transports substances against the concentration gradient, from low to high.

Question 25

Mitosis

Answer 25

Cell division that results in two daughter cells that contain the same DNA and chromosomes as the mother cell. Most cells divid this way.

Question 26

Meiosis

Answer 26

Cell division that results in four gameocytes. Occurs in the reproductive cells.

Question 27

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum function

Answer 27

Synthesizes, packages and transports proteins. Senses cellular stress. Covered in ribosomes from the nucleolus and cytoplasm.