Ch 1 Cell Bio Flashcards
Cell Illustration: Idenitify structures
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi Apparatus
D. Secretory vesicle
E. Smooth E.R.
F. Ribosome
G. Nucleus
H. Nucleolus
Lysosome function
Breaks down nutritional material in cells. Digests foreign matter ingested by WBCs.
Mitochondria function
Generates most of the body’s ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
Ribosome function
Synthesizes proteins
Golgi apparatus function
Processes and packages lipoproteins, glycoproteins from the ER and enzymes for delivery within and outside the cell.
Nucleus function
Serves as a respository of genetic information.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum function
Synthesizes, packages and transports fat and steroid hormones. Communicates with the Golgi complex.
Nucleolus function
Synthesiszes ribosomes
Secretory Vesicle
Delivers synthesized proteins to their destination outside of the cell.
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
- Prokaryote
- no organelles
- genetic info is unorganized
- ex. bacteria
- Eukarote
- many organelles
- membrane that surrounds the nucleus
- genetic info organized in the nucleus
- ex. plant and animal cells
Fill in the blank:
Proteins in the nucleus that bind DNA and help regulate its activity are called ________.
histones
Fill in the blank:
Cells such as neutrophils that use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a defensive weapon synthesize it in their _____________.
peroxisomes
Lysosome vs. Peroxisome
Lysosomes:
- contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules into their component parts
Peroxisomes:
- contain oxidative enzymes that help produce hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxidative species.
Hypotonic solution
vs.
Isotonic solution
vs.
Hypertonic solution
Hypotonic solution: has a lower osmolality than normal body solutions, i.e., 0.45% NS
Isotonic solution: has the same osmolality as normal body fluids, i.e., D5W, 0.9% NS, LR
Hypertonic solution: has a greater osmolality than normal body fluids, i.e., D10W, D5LR
Fill in the blank:
The mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes is called ________ pressure.
hydrostatic
Fill in the blank:
Cells that secrete the extracellular matrix are called _____________.
fibroblasts
Fill in the blank:
__________ tissue is charaterized by only a few cells surrounded by a lot of extracellular matrix.
Connective
Choose the correct word:
Receptors are (proteins/lipids) that bind specific small molecules.
proteins
Choose the correct word:
(Active transport/Facilitated diffusion) can move substances against their concentration gradients.
Active transport
Choose the correct word:
(Autrocrine/ Paracrine) signals act on nearby cells by (diffusion/active transport) through the interstitial fluid.
Paracrine and diffusion
Define
What is a ligand?
A small molecule that binds to a receptor. Can act as a chemical messenger, as in paracrine signaling.
Choose the correct word:
If the ECF (extracellular fluid) becomes hypotonic, the water will move (into/out of) the cell.
into
Choose the correct word:
If the concentration of glucose in the ECF (extracellular fluid) is greater than its concentration inside the cell (ex, RBC), facilitated diffusion will move glucose (into/ out of) the cell.
into
Remember: Facilitated diffusion transports substances down the concentration gradient, from high to low.
Choose the correct word:
If the concentration of substance X in the ECF (extracellular fluid) is greater than its concentration inside the cell, active transport will move substance X (into/ out of) the cell.
out of
Remember: Active transport transports substances against the concentration gradient, from low to high.
