Ch 10 Infection

Question 1

Ability to spread from one individual to others and cause disease.

Answer 1

Communicability

Question 2

Agent that carries infectious microorganisms from an infected organism to uninfected ones.

Answer 2

Vector

Question 3

Capacity of an organism to cause severe disease.

Answer 3

Virulence

Question 4

Normally not causing disease, but able to do so when an individual’s immune system is suppressed.

Answer 4

Opportunistic

Question 5

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

Aspergillus

Answer 5

Fungus

Question 6

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

Staphylococcus

Answer 6

Bacterium

Question 7

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

Plasmodium

Answer 7

Parasite (malaria)

Question 8

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

Pneumocystis

Answer 8

Fungus (opportunistic fungus that causes PNA in immunocompromised pts.)

Question 9

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

M. tuberculosis

Answer 9

Bacterium

Question 10

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

Histoplasma

Answer 10

Fungus

Question 11

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

E. coli

Answer 11

Bacterium

Question 12

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

Giardia

Answer 12

Parasite

Question 13

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

Salmonella

Answer 13

Bacterium

Question 14

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite

Clostridium

Answer 14

Bacterium

Question 15

choose one: bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite Clostridium

Answer 15

Bacterium

Question 16

What is a mechanical vector?

Answer 16

A living organism that transmits infectious microorganisms passively, without being involved in the organism’s life cycle. Ex. housefly that carries diarrhea-causing organisms and deposits them on food while you’re trying to have a nice disease-free picnic.

Question 17

choose the correct words:

(Endotoxins, Exotoxins) are released during bacterial growth, but (endotoxins, exotoxins) are released when the bacteria die.

Answer 17

Exotoxins

endotoxins

Question 18

choose the correct word:

An organism’s ability to adhere to host tissue is important in the process of (inflammation, colonization).

Answer 18

colonization

Question 19

Some bacteria use rodlike projections called ________ to adhere to the tissues they colonize.

Answer 19

pili or fimbriae depending on how fancy you want to be

Question 20

During the ________ stage of infectious disease, the individual has the first symptoms, which often include mild fatigue.

Answer 20

prodromal

Question 21

Gram __________ bacteria have lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane that is known as __________.

Answer 21

negative

endotoxin

Question 22

Bacteria that grow in complex multicellular masses called ___________ have some protection from host immune responses as well as antibiotics.

Answer 22

biofilms

Question 23

Antibodies against exotoxins are known as _________.

Answer 23

antitoxins

Question 24

___________ is the period from initial exposure to the onset of the first symptoms; could last from hours to ________.

Answer 24

Incubation

years

Question 25

Name the four clinical infectious disease stages.

Answer 25

• Incubation
• Prodromal
• Invasion
• Convalescense

Question 26

Name some factors that affect disease development.

Answer 26

• Communicability: Ability to spread from person to person
• Immunogenicity: Ability to produce an immune response
• Entry portal: How disease infects the host
• Mechanism of action: How disease damages cells
• Infectivity: Ability to enter and replicate
• Pathogenicity: Ability to produce disease
• Virulence: Capacity to cause severe disease; potency
• Toxigenicity: Production of toxins