Obesity Flashcards
Definition of obesity
Metabolic condition where there is an imbalance of energy input vs energy output
What is BMR
Basal metabolic rate - the rate of oxygen being utilised while the body is at rest
Which factors influence BMR
• body (environmental) temp
• body mass
• sleep
• hormones: thyroid, sex hormones, growth
• diet
• malnutrition
• age
• gender
• genetics
• exercise
What type of hormone is leptin
Satiety hormone
(Mediate long term regulation of body weight)
Where is leptin synthesised/released?
Adipocytes
Accumulating of adipose tissue can increase the risk of what?
Obesity
Which receptors do they act on, and where are the receptors found
They act on leptin receptors in the hypothalamus
Is it true that the more fat someone has the more leptin the produce?
Yes
Which neuropeptides are responsible for: behaviour, learning, reward and memory
Dopamine and GABA
Which neuropeptide evokes feeling of satisfaction and work on nucleus tractus solitaries
oxytocin
Which hormones are released by the GI tract in response to food intake and promote satiety
• GIP
• GLP1
• oxybutomodiulin
Act on hypothalamus or Nucleus tract solitaries
What is the name of the hunger hormone?
Gherlin
Act on hypothalamus or Nucleus tract solitaries
Which pancreatic hormones are involved in the influence of food intake
Insulin
• promotes food intake
• promotes glucose stored into fat
Amylin and Glucagon
• reduces food intake
• promote satiety
Signals that covert short term feeling of hunger and satiety originate from where? Which are then transmitted to the brain
• pancrease
• liver
• gut
• stomach
If both parents are obese, what percentage risk of the child at?
80%
If one parent is obese, what percentage risk of the child at
40%
A common cause of childhood obesity is mutation in one MC4-R allele. What are the phenotypes
• increased blood insulin
• increased appetite
• increase bone mineral density
• tall
Which medical conditions can contribute to obesity
• tumour of pituitary gland
• PCOS
• hypothyroidism
Which drugs can contribute to obesity
• insulin
• corticosteroids
• oestrogen
• progesterone
• lithium
• antidepressants
Oristal is used in the management of obesity, what is its moa?
Inhibits absorption and digestion of fats
Lipase inhibitor
GLP1 agonists are used in the management of obesity, what is its moa?
• increase satiety, acting on the hypothalamus
• mimics GLP1
• increases insulin seceation, thus lowering blood glucose
Seaglutide is administered how often?
Once weekly, SC
Liraglutide is administered how often?
OD, SC
Bariatric surgery can be available on the NHS. What is the criteria?
• BMI > 40, and another health condition that can be improved with weight loss (diabetes or HTN)
• all other non-surgical interventions have been tried
• commits on a long term follow up
• fit enough to have anaesthesia and surgery
What is the BMI requirement for bariatric surgery to be first line?
> 50
Give example of bariatric surgeries and describe them
• gastric band: place over the stomach, so less food it required to feel full
• sleeve gasterctomy: a part of the stomach is removed
• gastric bypass: top part of the stomach is connected to the small intestine
How long are GLP-1 agonist prescribed for?
2 years
What is the fat gene?
FTO
Where is the FTO highly expressed
Hypothalamus
