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302 - Content > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of obesity

A

Metabolic condition where there is an imbalance of energy input vs energy output

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2
Q

What is BMR

A

Basal metabolic rate - the rate of oxygen being utilised while the body is at rest

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3
Q

Which factors influence BMR

A

• body (environmental) temp
• body mass
• sleep
• hormones: thyroid, sex hormones, growth
• diet
• malnutrition
• age
• gender
• genetics
• exercise

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4
Q

What type of hormone is leptin

A

Satiety hormone

(Mediate long term regulation of body weight)

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5
Q

Where is leptin synthesised/released?

A

Adipocytes

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6
Q

Accumulating of adipose tissue can increase the risk of what?

A

Obesity

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7
Q

Which receptors do they act on, and where are the receptors found

A

They act on leptin receptors in the hypothalamus

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8
Q

Is it true that the more fat someone has the more leptin the produce?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Which neuropeptides are responsible for: behaviour, learning, reward and memory

A

Dopamine and GABA

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10
Q

Which neuropeptide evokes feeling of satisfaction and work on nucleus tractus solitaries

A

oxytocin

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11
Q

Which hormones are released by the GI tract in response to food intake and promote satiety

A

• GIP
• GLP1
• oxybutomodiulin

Act on hypothalamus or Nucleus tract solitaries

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12
Q

What is the name of the hunger hormone?

A

Gherlin

Act on hypothalamus or Nucleus tract solitaries

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13
Q

Which pancreatic hormones are involved in the influence of food intake

A

Insulin
• promotes food intake
• promotes glucose stored into fat

Amylin and Glucagon
• reduces food intake
• promote satiety

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14
Q

Signals that covert short term feeling of hunger and satiety originate from where? Which are then transmitted to the brain

A

• pancrease
• liver
• gut
• stomach

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15
Q

If both parents are obese, what percentage risk of the child at?

A

80%

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16
Q

If one parent is obese, what percentage risk of the child at

A

40%

17
Q

A common cause of childhood obesity is mutation in one MC4-R allele. What are the phenotypes

A

• increased blood insulin
• increased appetite
• increase bone mineral density
• tall

18
Q

Which medical conditions can contribute to obesity

A

• tumour of pituitary gland
• PCOS
• hypothyroidism

19
Q

Which drugs can contribute to obesity

A

• insulin
• corticosteroids
• oestrogen
• progesterone
• lithium
• antidepressants

20
Q

Oristal is used in the management of obesity, what is its moa?

A

Inhibits absorption and digestion of fats

Lipase inhibitor

21
Q

GLP1 agonists are used in the management of obesity, what is its moa?

A

• increase satiety, acting on the hypothalamus
• mimics GLP1
• increases insulin seceation, thus lowering blood glucose

22
Q

Seaglutide is administered how often?

A

Once weekly, SC

23
Q

Liraglutide is administered how often?

A

OD, SC

24
Q

Bariatric surgery can be available on the NHS. What is the criteria?

A

• BMI > 40, and another health condition that can be improved with weight loss (diabetes or HTN)
• all other non-surgical interventions have been tried
• commits on a long term follow up
• fit enough to have anaesthesia and surgery

25
Q

What is the BMI requirement for bariatric surgery to be first line?

A

> 50

26
Q

Give example of bariatric surgeries and describe them

A

• gastric band: place over the stomach, so less food it required to feel full

• sleeve gasterctomy: a part of the stomach is removed

• gastric bypass: top part of the stomach is connected to the small intestine

27
Q

How long are GLP-1 agonist prescribed for?

A

2 years

28
Q

What is the fat gene?

A

FTO

29
Q

Where is the FTO highly expressed

A

Hypothalamus

302 - Content (44 decks)

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