AKI Flashcards
Blood enters the kidneys via…
Renal artery
Urine is carried from the kidneys to the bladder via..
Ureters
Role of erythropoietin?
Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC
produced in the kidneys
Lack of healthy RBCs can results in anemia, what are the symptoms?
• cold
• feel tired/week
• SOB
What is the onset like in AKI?
Injury is:
• sudden
• happens within a few hours/days
What are the types of AKI and their
Pre-renal: reduced blood flow to kidneys
• hypotension
• dehydration, diarrhoea, vomiting
• HF/liver failure
• bleeding / burnes
Intra-renal: damage to kidneys, increase creatinine
• proteinuria
• heamaturia
• rash
• eosinophilia
Post-renal: obstruction in urine flow (use of catheter)
• BPH
• cancer
• blood clot
Pre-renal? Cause?
Pre-renal: reduced blood flow to kidneys
Causes:
• hypotension
• dehydration, diarrhoea, vomiting
• HF/liver failure
• bleeding / burnes
Intra renal? Symptoms? And causes?
Intra-renal: damage to kidneys, increase creatinine
Symptoms:
• proteinuria
• heamaturia
• rash
• eosinophilia
Causes:
• tubular necrosis
• tubular myeloma
• glomerulonephritis
• drugs: NSAIDs
Post-renal? Causes?
Post-renal: obstruction in urine flow
Causes:
• BPH
• cancer
• blood clot
• tumour
• kidney stones
Symptoms of AKI?
• too little urine leaving body
• confusion
• sezuires
• swelling around eyes, feet and ankles
• SOB
• chest pain
• nausea
Which drugs are nephrotoxic and should stopped?
• ACEI / ARBs
• NSAIDs
• diuretics
• antihypensive agents
• metformin
How to diagnose?
• dipstick test: nitrates, leukocytes and blood
• ultrasound of urinary tract
Management of AKI
• diuretics- if fluid overload
• hydration (fluid replacement)
• fluid balance -may need cathiter
Those at risk?
• diabetes
• HTN
• CKD
• liver disease
• HF
• sepsis
• older age
What complications can occur with AKI
• hyperkalemia
• odema
• build of nitrogenous waste
• metabolic acidosis
