Nutritive Value Of Feedstuffs Flashcards

1
Q

What is chemical analysis?

A

Determines every vitamin, AA, and mineral
Also expensive and time consuming

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2
Q

What are 6 estimates made in Proximate Analysis?

A

Water
Ether Extract EE (crude fat)
Crude fiber CF
Crude Protein CP
Ash
Nitrogen-free extract NFE

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3
Q

What is missing from the 6 components of proximate analysis

A

Vitamins

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4
Q

Who, where, when was Proximate analysis formed?

A

Experiment Station, Germany
By Henneberg and Stohmann-Weende
1864

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5
Q

What is ADF?

A

Acid Detergent Fiber
Only cellulose + lignin
(Digestibility)

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6
Q

What are the two measurements from Van Soest?

A

ADF and NDF

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7
Q

What is NDF?

A

Neutral Detergent Fiber
Cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose
(Indicates intake)

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8
Q

What is NIR?

A

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Infrared light to analyze bonds
Fastest and less exact

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9
Q

What is ADC?

A

Also D/C
Apparent Digestion Coefficient
(Consumed- in feces)/ consumed

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10
Q

Factors influencing digestibility

A

Fiber contents, rates of passages, packaging, etc.

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11
Q

What is TDN?

A

Total Digestible Nutrients
(Old method)
1. Proximate analysis
2. Digestion trial
3. Multiple 1 x 2
4. Lipids x 2.25

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12
Q

3 ways to collect current (net energy)

A

Bomb calorimeter ( burn feed)
Biological partitioning
Respiration calorimeter (animal wears a mask)

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13
Q

What are GE, FE, UE, GPDE, HI?

A

Gross, feces, urinary, gaseous products of digestion, heat increment

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14
Q

What is DE?

A

Digestible Energy
DE= GE- FE

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15
Q

What is ME?

A

Metabolizable Energy
ME= GE-FE-UE- GPDE
Bird labels stop here b/c urine and feces mix

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16
Q

What is NE

A

Net Energy
NE= GE-FE-UE- GPDE- HI
= energy available for maintenance, growth, lactation

17
Q

7 factors influencing energy requirements

A
  1. Species
  2. Age
  3. Activity level
  4. Production levels
  5. Environmental temperature
  6. Nutritional deficiencies (can be masked w/ higher energy)
  7. Surface area
18
Q

What is BV?

A

Biological values
N retained/ N digested x100

19
Q

Compare relative value proteins

A

Egg (set to 100)
Milk. 92
Meat. 82
Rumen protein. 80
Plants. varies but lower

20
Q

3 protein sources

A
  1. Animals - fish meal, blood meal, meat and bone meal
    Problems= not palatable, restriction to prevent mad cow disease
  2. Plants - soybean meal, cottonseed meal
  3. By-product feeds- distiller’s grain, brewer’s grain, bakery waste
21
Q

What is IU

A

International Units
Measures fat soluble vitamins

22
Q

What is ppm?

A

Parts per million
Measures minerals (along with percents and mg)
Macro minerals are in carcass above 100ppm

23
Q

Define concentrates

A

Less than 18% CF

24
Q

Define roughages

A

Greater than 18% CF

25
General rule for how much feed an animal eats per day?
2-4% of body weight/ day
26
An animal eats to _______
Meet its energy requirements
27
Define gut fill
What an animal can hold in its GI tract
28
6 factors influencing feed intake
Physiological state (pregnant, age) Weight Activity level Environmental temperature Disease status Palatability
29
2 places of hypothalamus involvement
Feeding center- eating Satiety center- stop eating
30
Monogastric controlling mechanisms
Gut fill= physical regulator Blood glucose level= chemical regulator
31
Ruminant controlling mechanisms
Gut fill= physical regulations VFA’s in blood= chemical regulations
32
3 proteins that control appetite in hypothalamus
1. Cholecystokinin (CCK) — from small intestine, decreases appetite 2. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) — from hypothalamus, increase appetite 3. Leptin — from adipose, decreases appetite