Nutritive Value Of Feedstuffs

Question 1

What is chemical analysis?

Answer 1

Determines every vitamin, AA, and mineral
Also expensive and time consuming

Question 2

What are 6 estimates made in Proximate Analysis?

Answer 2

Water
Ether Extract EE (crude fat)
Crude fiber CF
Crude Protein CP
Ash
Nitrogen-free extract NFE

Question 3

What is missing from the 6 components of proximate analysis

Answer 3

Vitamins

Question 4

Who, where, when was Proximate analysis formed?

Answer 4

Experiment Station, Germany
By Henneberg and Stohmann-Weende
1864

Question 5

What is ADF?

Answer 5

Acid Detergent Fiber
Only cellulose + lignin
(Digestibility)

Question 6

What are the two measurements from Van Soest?

Answer 6

ADF and NDF

Question 7

What is NDF?

Answer 7

Neutral Detergent Fiber
Cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose
(Indicates intake)

Question 8

What is NIR?

Answer 8

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Infrared light to analyze bonds
Fastest and less exact

Question 9

What is ADC?

Answer 9

Also D/C
Apparent Digestion Coefficient
(Consumed- in feces)/ consumed

Question 10

Factors influencing digestibility

Answer 10

Fiber contents, rates of passages, packaging, etc.

Question 11

What is TDN?

Answer 11

Total Digestible Nutrients
(Old method)
1. Proximate analysis
2. Digestion trial
3. Multiple 1 x 2
4. Lipids x 2.25

Question 12

3 ways to collect current (net energy)

Answer 12

Bomb calorimeter ( burn feed)
Biological partitioning
Respiration calorimeter (animal wears a mask)

Question 13

What are GE, FE, UE, GPDE, HI?

Answer 13

Gross, feces, urinary, gaseous products of digestion, heat increment

Question 14

What is DE?

Answer 14

Digestible Energy
DE= GE- FE

Question 15

What is ME?

Answer 15

Metabolizable Energy
ME= GE-FE-UE- GPDE
Bird labels stop here b/c urine and feces mix

Question 16

What is NE

Answer 16

Net Energy
NE= GE-FE-UE- GPDE- HI
= energy available for maintenance, growth, lactation

Question 17

7 factors influencing energy requirements

Answer 17

1. Species
2. Age
3. Activity level
4. Production levels
5. Environmental temperature
6. Nutritional deficiencies (can be masked w/ higher energy)
7. Surface area

Question 18

What is BV?

Answer 18

Biological values
N retained/ N digested x100

Question 19

Compare relative value proteins

Answer 19

Egg (set to 100)
Milk. 92
Meat. 82
Rumen protein. 80
Plants. varies but lower

Question 20

3 protein sources

Answer 20

1. Animals - fish meal, blood meal, meat and bone meal
   Problems= not palatable, restriction to prevent mad cow disease
2. Plants - soybean meal, cottonseed meal
3. By-product feeds- distiller’s grain, brewer’s grain, bakery waste

Question 21

What is IU

Answer 21

International Units
Measures fat soluble vitamins

Question 22

What is ppm?

Answer 22

Parts per million
Measures minerals (along with percents and mg)
Macro minerals are in carcass above 100ppm

Question 23

Define concentrates

Answer 23

Less than 18% CF

Question 24

Define roughages

Answer 24

Greater than 18% CF

Question 25

General rule for how much feed an animal eats per day?

Answer 25

2-4% of body weight/ day

Question 26

An animal eats to _______

Answer 26

Meet its energy requirements

Question 27

Define gut fill

Answer 27

What an animal can hold in its GI tract

Question 28

6 factors influencing feed intake

Answer 28

Physiological state (pregnant, age)
Weight
Activity level
Environmental temperature
Disease status
Palatability

Question 29

2 places of hypothalamus involvement

Answer 29

Feeding center- eating
Satiety center- stop eating

Question 30

Monogastric controlling mechanisms

Answer 30

Gut fill= physical regulator
Blood glucose level= chemical regulator

Question 31

Ruminant controlling mechanisms

Answer 31

Gut fill= physical regulations
VFA’s in blood= chemical regulations

Question 32

3 proteins that control appetite in hypothalamus

Answer 32

1. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
   — from small intestine, decreases appetite
2. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
   — from hypothalamus, increase appetite
3. Leptin
   — from adipose, decreases appetite