Lecture 4- Wool

Question 1

Where is wool mostly produced?

Answer 1

China + Australia

Question 2

Where is mohair mostly produced?

Answer 2

South Africa + Texas

Question 3

How many primary follicles are always in a group?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

When do primary follicles emerge?

Answer 4

At birth (w/ accessory structures)

Question 5

When do secondary follicles emerge?

Answer 5

1-3 weeks old

Question 6

Where are secondary follicles located?

Answer 6

Associated w/ primary follicles

Question 7

2 factors that affect follicle development

Answer 7

Prenatal environment + early postnatal environment

Question 8

Which fiber type do consumers prefer?

Answer 8

Secondary

Question 9

Orthocortex cells are

Answer 9

Soft + elastic needle-like cells

Question 10

Paracortex cells are

Answer 10

Hard + less elastic needle-like cells

Question 11

Medulla

Answer 11

Hollow air space (absent in fine wools)

Question 12

Kemp

Answer 12

Large fibers w/ solid core

Question 13

What 2 accessory structures do secondary follicles lack?

Answer 13

Sweat gland and Arrector muscle

Question 14

Keratin building block is

Answer 14

Long flexible peptides held in helical shape by disulfide bonds

Question 15

What 2 amino acids have sulfur?

Answer 15

Methionine and Cysteine

Question 16

Fleece

Answer 16

Wool from a single sheep

Question 17

Clip

Answer 17

Amt. of wool from a flock of sheep

Question 18

Grease wool

Answer 18

Wool before natural impurities removed

Question 19

Where is lanolin (grease) produced?

Answer 19

In sebaceous gland

Question 20

Sweat glands produce ___

Answer 20

Suint

Question 21

The wool yolk is made up of

Answer 21

Grease + suint

Question 22

3 types of impurities

Answer 22

Natural
Acquired
Applied

Question 23

Most impurity removal is done by ____.

Answer 23

Scouring; using a soapy solution

Question 24

The 2nd method to remove impurities is _____.

Answer 24

Carbonizing; use acid to remove organic matter

Question 25

Yield

Answer 25

Weight remaining after scouring

Question 26

Shrinkage

Answer 26

Loss of weight due to impurities

Question 27

Wool grade is based on ______.

Answer 27

Fiber diameter

Question 28

3 systems to determine wool grade:

Answer 28

American (blood; amt. of merino sheep)
Spinning count (hanks of yarn /lb) range= 36-80 hanks
Micron Diameter (most accurate, takes time)

Question 29

How many yards are in a hank of yarn?

Answer 29

650 yards

Question 30

Noilage

Answer 30

Very short fibers (drop out during worst process)

Question 31

What color wool is preferred and why?

Answer 31

White b/c it can be dyed any color

Question 32

Grading is down at a _____

Answer 32

Wool pool

Question 33

Carding

Answer 33

Aligning fibers parallel to each other

Question 34

Wool fabrics is

Answer 34

Cross-linked + good insulation

Question 35

Worsted fabrics is

Answer 35

Fibers aligned straight, ex. Business suits

Question 36

Felt is made by

Answer 36

Heating up to open cuticles and mat together

Question 37

4 positive qualities of wool

Answer 37

Warm, non-flammable, absorbs moisture, insulator

Question 38

2 negative qualities of wool

Answer 38

Shrinks, sometimes itchy

Question 39

Mohair comes from _____ ; Angora hair comes from _____; Cashmere comes from ______.

Answer 39

Angora goats, angora rabbits, cashmere goat