Lecture 6- General Physiology

Question 1

Name for soft organs

Answer 1

Viscera

Question 2

Anterior/ cranial

Answer 2

In front of or towards the front

Question 3

Distal

Answer 3

Far away from (usually spinal column)

Question 4

Lateral

Answer 4

To the side

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

Situated in the middle of the

Question 6

Posterior (caudal)

Answer 6

Behind; towards the tail

Question 7

Ventral

Answer 7

Abdominal; near the abdominal wall

Question 8

Dorsal

Answer 8

On or near the spinal column

Question 9

Proximal

Answer 9

Closest to a given point (opposite of distal)

Question 10

Cranial

Answer 10

Skull/ head

Question 11

2 External environments

Answer 11

Gaseous and aqueous

Question 12

What % of our body weight is from water?

Answer 12

66%, 2/3

Question 13

3 fluid filled spaces and the % of body weight they made up

Answer 13

1. Intracellular 45%
2. Interstitial 17%
3. Circulatory System 6%

Question 14

Define homeostasis

Answer 14

Combination of body mechanisms to maintain equilibrium in internal environment

Question 15

6 systems involved in regulating homeostasis

Answer 15

Circulatory (exchange of nutrients, hormones, gas, etc.)
Respiratory, urinary, digestive, muscular
Nervous

Question 16

2 components of peripheral NS

Answer 16

Somatic (skeletal muscles) and Autonomic (involuntary muscles)

Question 17

2 parts of autonomic NS

Answer 17

Sympathetic (emergency + adrenaline) and Parasympathetic (at rest)

Question 18

When a change in environment (usually external) requires a rapid response or if required response involves the whole body, the response is brought about by the _______.

Answer 18

Nervous system

Question 19

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 19

Secretes organic substances to be exchanged by circulatory system

Question 20

When a change in the environment (usually internal) requires a specific response for altering cell environment or if the required response takes longer time to occur, the response is usually brought about by the _______.

Answer 20

Endocrine system

Question 21

Define hormones

Answer 21

Any chemical substance secreted by a ductless gland

Question 22

Define exocrine

Answer 22

Exiting

Question 23

Define endocrine

Answer 23

Secreting

Question 24

What organ is in both exocrine and endocrine systems

Answer 24

Pancreas (enzymes for digestions + insulin)

Question 25

3 types of hormones

Answer 25

Protein (amino acid chains; insulin, oxytocin)
Steroids (lipid based; derivatives of cholesterol, testosterone)
Amino-acid derived (individual amino acids; melatonin (tryptophan), epinephrine (tyrosine))

Question 26

3 actions of hormones

Answer 26

1. Excite- inhibit
2. Change cell membrane permeability or rate of enzyme synthesis
3. Change rate of cell division

Question 27

3 types of hormone interactions

Answer 27

1. Independent- no interaction
2. Antagonistic- opposites (glucose + glycogen, calcitonin + parathyroid)
3. Complementary- work together (milk)