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ANSC 201 > Labs 1,2,3,5,10 > Flashcards

Labs 1,2,3,5,10 Flashcards

1
Q

Flavor of normal milk

A

Bland + slightly sweet

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2
Q

Flavor of absorbed/transmitted milk defect

A

Corny, barny, onion, garlic

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3
Q

Milk Absorbed/transmitted flavors are ______.

A

Reversible

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4
Q

Flavor of bacterial milk defect

A

Acid, putrid, malty

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5
Q

How do you prevent dangerous microbial flavor milk defects?

A

Pasteurization

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6
Q

Flavor of oxidative rancidity milk defect

A

Paper + cardboardy

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7
Q

2 causes of oxidative rancidity in milk

A

Copper/iron and ultraviolet light

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8
Q

What chemically happens during oxidative rancidity in milks?

A

The double bond of unsaturated fats is replaced with an oxygen.

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9
Q

Flavor of hydrolytic rancidity milk defect

A

Bitter + soapy

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10
Q

What chemically happens during hydrolytic rancidity in milk?

A

Lipase enzymes cut off fatty acids

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11
Q

Homogenization

A

The process of pressure milk through screens to reduce fat molecule size; used to prevent milk layers from forming.

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12
Q

What are the components of buttermilk?

A

Water, lactose, proteins, minerals, and water soluble vitamins (B complex + C)

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13
Q

What are the components of butter?

A

Water, fat, and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E, + K)

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14
Q

What are the components of sweet whey?

A

Water, lactose, minerals (all by Ca + P), albumins, globulins, and vitamins

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15
Q

What are the components of a hard curd?

A

Water, casein, vitamins, enzyme, calcium, and phosphorus

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16
Q

What are the components of acid whey?

A

Water, lactose, vitamins, all milk minerals, lactic acid

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17
Q

What are the components of soft curds?

A

Water, casein, albumin, globulins

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18
Q

Lactose is a _____, while sugar is a _____.

A

Powder, crystal

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19
Q

While candling a high quality egg will have

A

Less visible yolk and small air cell

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20
Q

While candling a low quality egg will have

A

Visible and mobile yolk, thinner albumen, and large air cell

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21
Q

4 other impurities visible with candling

A

Blood spots, meat sports, cracked shell, double yolk

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22
Q

The blastoderm is _____ visible than blastodisk

A

Less

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23
Q

Fresh fertile refrigerated =

A

Good quality

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24
Q

Incubated eggs were both

A

Bad quality (runny)

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25
3 types of impurities in wool
Natural (grease), acquired (dirt), applied (sprays)
26
Formula for percent yield is
(Weight of clean wool/ weight of grease wool) x 100
27
Formula for shrinkage is
(Wt. of grease wool- wt. of clean wool)/ wt. of grease wool. X 100
28
% yield + % shrinkage=
100%
29
What can left over grease from wool be made into?
Moisturizers
30
Formula for % stretch
(Stretched length- unstretched)/ unstretched length x 100
31
Bacteria danger zone is between
40 to 140 degrees F (so keep fridge below 40 degrees F)
32
Where should you defrost meat?
In the fridge
33
What temp. Should freezer be below?
0 degrees F
34
How long can uncooked meat stay in fridge?
1-2 days
35
How long can cooked meat stay in the fridge?
3-4 days
36
How long can raw meats stay in the freezer?
3-4 months
37
What temperature should you reheat all left overs to?
165 degrees F
38
What is the lowest temperature you can set the oven to for baking?
325 degrees F
39
What temperature does ground meat need cooked to?
160 degrees F
40
What temperature does poultry need cooked to?
165 degrees F
41
What test do you use to determine tenderness?
Warner-Bratzler Shear Test
42
What are the 4 quality grades of beef
Prime, Choice, Select, Standard
43
What is the name of the bottle used for Babcock test?
Paley bottle
44
What is the Babcock value record?
Percent fat
45
What acid is used in the Babcock method?
Sulfuric acid
46
Is there a relationship between grade + tenderness
No
47
Is there a relationship between grade + juiciness?
Yes
48
Is there a relationship between tenderness + juiciness?
No
49
Is there a relationship between fat + grade?
Yes
50
Is there a relationship between fat and tenderness?
No
51
Is there a relationship between fat and juiciness
Yes
52
3 categories of products
Pharmaceuticals, biologies/ vaccines, anthelmentics
53
Pharmaceuticals used to _____ and common issue is
Treat disease, bacteria grow resistant to drug
54
Define antibiotics
Chemical substance produced by microbes, pharmaceuticals that suppress the growth of other microorganisms, ex. Penicillin, tetracycline, sulfa compounds
55
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Control a variety of organisms
56
Define biologicals
Stimulate active immunity against disease, provide antigens so body makes antibodies
57
4 types of vaccines
Bacteria’s, live bacterial, killed virus, MLV
58
Define bacteria’s
Killed cultures of bacteria, require several injections and periodic “booster shots”, ex. Blackleg, salmonella, pasteurella
59
Define live bacterial
Made from living bacteria with less virulence
60
Define killed virus vaccines
Contain dead virus organisms , require periodic booster injections, safe than MLV
61
Define modified live virus (MLV) vaccines
Manufactured by growing the virus in a way which permits it to stimulate active immunity while diminishing capability to produce disease, more immune system stimulation than killed virus
62
Define anthelmentics
Dewormers; given orally to control internal parasites, several times per year
63
cc stands for
Cubic centimeter
64
What two factors are important for medication storage
Temperature + light
65
5 sites of injections
1. Intravenous IV - into a vein, medicine works fast 2. Intramuscular IM - into muscle, 3.Subcutaneous SQ - under the skin, easiest 4. Intraperitoneal IP - into abdomen, long needle, can substitute for IV 5. Intramammary IMI- into teat cistern *may use IV Catheters instead of repeated injections*
66
Flea Collar (how long does it work, effective compare to oral, chemical function)
Works for an additional 2 months after first 5 months Not as effective as oral treatment Etofenprox (a pyrethroid) attacks the nervous system of fleas and ticks
67
LA-200 (what is it?, 3 diseases treated, injection method, withdrawal periods)
Broad spectrum pharmaceutical Pneumonia, shipping fever, scours SQ so no meat scarred Withdraw 96 hours before milking and 28 days prior to slaughter
68
Spectramast (disease targeted, withdrawal)
Treat mastitis, withdraw 72 hours before milking, and 2 days before slaughter
69
Bounce Back (purpose, 3 minerals, dextrose purpose)
Treat Dehydration, minerals= sodium, potassium, chlorine (all from salts), dextrose added for quick energy boost
70
Corid (administer method, treats for)
In water for bovine coccidiosis
71
Spectra-5 (how to inject, 5?, 6 reasons not to give to animals, antidote?)
SQ for dogs, provides immunity for 5 different diseases, no animals less than 16 weeks, pregnant, already exposed to disease, stressed, malnutrition, or parasitism, epinephrine in case of anaphylaxis
72
Duramectin (ivermectin) (category, dosage method)
Anthelmentics, tick marks= 250 lbs,
73
Needle width and gauge relationship
Wider needles = higher gauge
74
Needle length and gauge relationship
No relationship
75
Gauge for horse and cattle needles____ Gauge for goat___ Gauge for dog____
16-18G 18-20G 22G
76
Maximum cc’s injected in any one points
10 cc
77
How far apart should injection sites be?
4 inches
78
Where are cow injections and blood drawn?
Neck, tail, jugular, milk vein
79
Where are dog injections and blood drawn?
Jugular, neck, forearm
80
Where are rat injections and blood drawn?
Tail, vein, jugular, intraperitoneal (abdomen)

ANSC 201 (22 decks)

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