Lecture 1- Ag Intro Flashcards
% people in agriculture in US (developed countries)
<2%
World average % of people involved in agriculture
43%
% calories (kcal/day) from animal products in US
27%
World average % calories (kcal/day) from animal products
18%
% protein (grams/day) from animals in US
64%
World average % protein (grams/day) from animals
34%
Trend: the higher a country’s income the ______ % of protein supply is from animals. Outlier?
Larger, outlier= Argentina (low income + high %)
In 2020 1 farm supplied how many people?
166
In 2020, what % of income was spent on food?
8.6%
In 2022, what % of income was spent on food?
11.3% (half at home + half away from home)
Trend: the number of farms is _______ and size of farms is ________.
Decreasing, increasing
What are the 4 reasons US farms are productive?
- Free enterprise system (more you sell the more you make)
- Land and climate conditions (wide # of crops)
- Education system (Land Grant schools)
- Specialization (Agribusiness + Research)
% of protein supply from animals in India
17%
% of calories (kcal/day) from animals in India
8%
What is the leading meat in 2023?
Chicken
What are 2 reasons humans need meat?
- Amino acid assortment matches human needs
- Minerals: iron, zinc, vitamin B12
What % of world population relies on large animals to move things?
20%
What is the #1 pet by numbers?
Freshwater fish
Non-food products from:
Animal coats, manure, greases, gelatin/collagen
Define pharming
Use of Ag animals to produce pharmaceuticals (goats + sheep for milk)
Xenotransplantation
Transfer of animal tissues into humans
5 examples of animal RESEARCH for human health
- models for disease
- Artificial organs
- Transgenic animals- “pharming”
- Xenotransplantation
- Nutrition
5 Greatest domesticated species and where?
- Chicken- China
- Cattle- India (religious)
- Ducks- China
- Sheep- China
- Swine- China
Consumption trend of beef (2020-2023)
Decreasing
Consumption trend of poultry (excluding turkey, 2020-2023)
Increasing
Consumption trend of pork (2020-2023)
Constant
Consumption trend of lamb (2020-2023)
Most stable meat (1lb/person)
Consumption trend of fish (2020-2023)
Small increase
Consumption trend of total dairy (2020-2023)
Large increase
Consumption trend of fluid milk (2020-2023)
Decrease
Consumption trend of cheese (2020-2023)
Increasing -pizza
Consumption trend of butter (2020-2023)
Increasing- reviewed health benefits + more cooking at home
Consumption trend of yogurt (2020-2023)
Huge increase
Consumption trend of frozen dairy (ice cream, 2020-2023)
Decrease
Consumption trend of eggs (2020-2023)
16% higher- eggs sandwich, 277 eggs/ person, 1/3 cage-free,
% of saturated fat from meat/poultry/fish in 1970 US diets
37%
% of saturated fat from fats/oils/vegetables in 1970 US diets
33%
% of saturated fat from meat/poultry/fish in 2000 US diets
26%
% of saturated fats from fats/oils/vegetables in 2000 US diets
53%
Consumption trend of Vitamin B12
Decline (less meat)
5 Reasons for consumption trends:
- Diet/health issues (fad foods)
- Consumer concerns (recalls/processing)
- Economics
- Marketing (ex. Pork as the other white meat)
- Future: nutraceuticals, ultrafiltered components, etc.
Organic foods
Produced under National Organic Program (NOP) through USDA; highly regulated, 2-3 years to switch to organic, issue: no antibiotics for animal health
Natural foods
Less regulated, no artificial ingredients, minimally processed
Grown local
No clear federal definition/ regulation
Nutraceuticals
Functional foods; added health benefits
Ultra-filtered components
Isolate components, sort by molecular size