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ANSC 201 > Glossary Terms A+B > Flashcards

Glossary Terms A+B Flashcards

1
Q

Abomasum

A

One of the stomach components of ruminant animals that corresponds to the true stomach of monogastric animals.

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2
Q

Abortion

A

To give birth before the fetus is viable.

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3
Q

Absorption

A

The process whereby nutrients and other materials are taken through the walls of the digestive tract and into the blood.

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4
Q

Active immunity

A

The type of immunity in animals where the animal plays a part in the development of that immunity.

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5
Q

Acute

A

Usually refers to a disease that runs a short, severe course.

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6
Q

Adipose

A

Refers to the fat-filled cells of connective tissue.

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7
Q

Ad libitum

A

Allowing animals to eat all they want at all times.

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8
Q

Adrenalin

A

One of the hormones produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands; it is also called epinephrine. It helps in preparing the body for emergency actions.

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9
Q

Aerobic

A

refers to organisms and biochemical reactions that require oxygen

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10
Q

Afterbirth

A

The membranes of pregnancy (extra-fetal) which are expelled following parturition.

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11
Q

Agnostic behavior

A

Combat or fighting behavior which includes defense (submission), offense (aggression), escape, and passiveness.

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12
Q

Air dry

A

Refers to feedstuffs that have been allowed to dry in the atmosphere; they usually contain between 5 and 15 percent water.

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13
Q

Albumin

A

Also spelled albumen. The white of an egg; a type of protein

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14
Q

Allantochorion

A

The name applied to the extra-fetal membrane resulting from the fusion of the allantois and the chorion.

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15
Q

Allantois

A

One of the three extra-fetal membranes; located between the amnion and the chorion.

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16
Q

Alleles

A

Genes-occupying corresponding loci in homologous chromosomes that affect the same hereditary trait but in a different way. Alternative forms of the same gene.

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17
Q

Allelomimetic behavior

A

Doing the same thing

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18
Q

Allergy

A

A rather severe reaction that results from the introduction of antigens into the body.

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19
Q

Alveolus

A

A microscopic saclike structure found in the lungs and the mammary glands

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20
Q

Amino acid

A

An organic acid in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by the amino group (-NH2). Amino acids are the building clocks in the formation of proteins.

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21
Q

Amnion

A

The extra-fetal membrane located nearest the fetus; it is filled with amniotic fluid to protect the fetus from shock.

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22
Q

Ampulla

A

A funnel-shaped structure located at or near the end of a duct; the part of the fallopian tube between the infundibulum and the isthmus; a part of the vascular deferent where it joins the urethra in some species.

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23
Q

Amylase

A

A starch-digesting enzyme

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24
Q

Anabolic

A

A constructive or “building up” process

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25
Q

Anaerobic

A

Usually refers to an organism or biochemical reactions that does not require oxygen

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26
Q

Anatomy

A

The science of the structure of the animal body and the relation of its parts.

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27
Q

Ancestor

A

An individual from whom an animal or person is descended.

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28
Q

Androgen

A

A male sex hormone, such as testosterone

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29
Q

Anemia

A

A deficiency of hemoglobin, iron, or red blood cells.

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30
Q

Anesthesia

A

Loss of sensation brought about by drugs, disease, or other factors.

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31
Q

Anestrus

A

The nonbreeding season; the period of time when a female is not cycling

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32
Q

Anterior

A

Situated in front of, or towards the front part of, a point of reference. Towards the head end of an animal

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33
Q

Anthelmintic

A

A drug or chemical agent used to kill or remove internal parasites

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34
Q

Antibiotic

A

A product produced by living organisms, such as yeast, which destroys or inhibits the growth of other organisms, especially bacteria.

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35
Q

Antibody

A

A substance synthesized by the body to counteract the effect of foreign substances (antigens) that enter the body.

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36
Q

Antigen

A

A foreign substance, usually protein, that when present in the blood causes the production of an antibody that is antagonistic to it.

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37
Q

Antihormone

A

An antibody like substance developed when protein hormones are injected into an animal over a period of time. Antihormones inactivate hormones.

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38
Q

Antiseptic

A

Refers to substances or procedures that prevent the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

39
Q

Antiserum

A

A serum that contains antibodies, which is used to treat or temporarily prevent certain infectious diseases

40
Q

Antrum

A

The cavity in a hollow organ or structure such as the cavity inside a developing follicle

41
Q

Appendage

A

An attachment to something larger; a leg or limb

42
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A disease involving the thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries

43
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel that functions in carrying blood from the heart

44
Q

Artificial insemination

A

The introduction of semen into the reproductive tract (usually the cervix or uterus) of the female by a technician.

45
Q

Artificial vagina

A

A device used to collect semen from a male while he mounts in a normal manner to copulate. The male ejaculates into this device, which simulates the vagina of the female in pressure, temperature, and sensation to the penis.

46
Q

Artiodactyla

A

The zoological order of mammals that includes hoofed animals with an even number of toes such as cattle, sheep, and swine.

47
Q

Aseptic

A

Free from living infectious or otherwise microorganisms

48
Q

Asexual

A

Without sex

49
Q

Assimilation

A

The process- of converting food nutrients to body tissue

50
Q

Atheroma

A

A fatty degeneration of the inner walls of arteries.

51
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A disease involving the fatty degeneration of the inner walls of the arteries; a form of arteriosclerosis

52
Q

Atrophy

A

A decrease in size of tissue, organ, or other body part

53
Q

Autopsy

A

A post mortem examination involving the dissection of a body to learn the cause of death

54
Q

Autonomies

A

All chromosomes other than sex chromosomes

55
Q

Avian

A

Refers to birds, the call Aves

56
Q

Axon

A

The long fiber of a nerve cell that carries nerve impulses away from the central nervous system.

57
Q

Bacterium

A

One of a group of one-called round, rod-shaped, spiral, or filamentous microscopic organisms

58
Q

Balanced ration

A

The daily food allowance for one animal prepared to include all of the required nutrients in the required proportions.

59
Q

Barred

A

A trait in chickens involving the alternating white and dark strips on the feathers.

60
Q

Barren

A

Unable to produce offspring

61
Q

Barrow

A

A male pig castrated before reaching sexual maturity

62
Q

Basal metabolism

A

The chemical changes that occur in an animal’s body when the animal is in a thermoneutral environment, resting, and in a postabsorptive state. It is usually determined by measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

63
Q

Beef

A

The meat from cattle (bovine species) other than calves (the meat from calves is called veal)

64
Q

Behavior

A

The reaction of an animal to internal and external stimuli, which is an attempt by the animal to adjust or adapt to the situation

65
Q

Bile

A

A substance produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder; it functions in physically breaking down fat globules into smaller ones making it easier for them to be digested.

66
Q

Biologicals

A

Pharmaceutical products used especially to diagnose and treat diseases.

67
Q

Biotechnology

A

The use of microorganisms, plant cells, animal cells, or part of cells (such as enzymes) to produce industrially important products or processes.

68
Q

Biological value

A

A measure of the utilization of nitrogen by the body; the proportion of absorbed nitrogen that is utilized; a measure of protein quality

69
Q

Bloat

A

A swelling of the rumen caused by an accumulation of gas

70
Q

Blood spots

A

Spots in the eggs caused by rupture of one or more blood vessels in the yolk follicle at the time of ovulation

71
Q

Boar

A

A male pig

72
Q

Bonus

A

A soft, rounded mass of chewed food; a large pill

73
Q

Bomb calorimeter

A

An apparatus used to measure the amount of heat given off by any combustible substance

74
Q

Bovine

A

Refers to cattle

75
Q

Boxed beef

A

Cuts of beef put in boxes for shipping from packing plants to retailers. These primal and subprimal cuts are intermediate cuts between carcass and retail cuts.

76
Q

Bran

A

A kind of feed made from the seed coat of wheat or other cereals

77
Q

Break joint

A

Denotes a lamb carcass where the foot and pattern are removed at the cartilaginous junction of the front leg.

78
Q

Breech

A

The buttocks. A breech presentation at birth is one in which the rear portion of the fetus is presented first.

79
Q

Breed

A

A group of animals with certain common characteristics that distinguish them from others of the same species, and which they tend to transmit with reasonable consistency.

80
Q

Broad ligament

A

The connnective tissue in the abdominal cavity that supports the reproductive tract in a mammal.

81
Q

Broiler

A

A young chicken of either sex (usually 9 to 12 weeks of age) that is tender melted and has smooth-textured skin and flexible breast-bone cartilage

82
Q

Brood

A

A group of baby chicks

83
Q

Bloodiness

A

The nature or quality of a hen that causes her to want to set on a nest of eggs

84
Q

Brucellosis

A

A bacterial disease of domestic mammals caused by a bacillus which results in abortions; also called Bang’s disease.

85
Q

Buck

A

A male sheep, goat, deer, or rabbit

86
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland

A

An accessory gland of the male that secretes a fluid which constitutes a portion of the semen.

87
Q

Bulky

A

Refers to a substance that has a relatively small weight per unit of volume

88
Q

Bull

A

A male of cattle species

89
Q

Bullock

A

A steer

90
Q

Burro

A

A donkey

91
Q

Butter

A

A rather solid collection of fat globules obtained from churning cream and used for food.

92
Q

Buttermilk

A

The fluid that remains after butter has been obtained from cream by the churning process; cultured buttermilk is made from skim milk by adding certain kinds of bacteria that produce the characteristic buttermilk flavors.

93
Q

By-product

A

A product of considerably less value than the major product. For example in the US meat animals, the hide, pelt, and offal are by-products, whereas the meat is the major product.

ANSC 201 (22 decks)

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