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Human Nutrition > Nutrition for Pregnancy > Flashcards

Nutrition for Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the inability of a couple to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse?

A

Infertility

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of infertility?

A

Nutrient deficiencies

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3
Q

Is the nutritional status of the father as important as that of the mother?

A

Yes

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4
Q

How does nutrition affect fertility?

A

It affects the levels of hormones involved in reproduction and the viability of the egg or sperm

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5
Q

How does alcohol affect fertility?

A

It decreases estrogen and testosterone production

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6
Q

Why should we consider ancestral diets for fertility?

A

Having healthy babies was necessary for the community’s long term survival

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7
Q

How do we know that the diets of our ancestors was good for fertility and producing healthy babies?

A

They focused on developing health rather than treating disease

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8
Q

What are some examples of special foods that women would eat before becoming pregnant?

A

Buffalo intestine, milk, lobster crab and water hyacinth

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9
Q

Why is it so important for mothers to have a good diet before pregnancy?

A

Much of the critical development takes place before a woman even knows she’s pregnant

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10
Q

What is the development origins of disease theory?

A

It says that a mother’s nutritional status will affect health of the infant before and after birth

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11
Q

Does a mother’s diet before and during pregnancy affect the health of the baby?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Does a mother’s diet before and during pregnancy affect the baby’s health as they become an adult?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What is the normal length of pregnancy?

A

37-40 weeks

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14
Q

What is the organ that develops in the mother’s uterus to support fetal growth?

A

The placenta

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15
Q

What important functions does the placenta have for the baby in the womb?

A

It serves as baby’s lungs, kidneys, GI tract

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16
Q

Does a healthy placenta mean a healthy baby?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What is a natural terminations of pregnancy resulting from genetic defect or fatal error in development ?

A

A spontaneous abortion

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18
Q

When during pregnancy does a spontaneous abortion generally occur?

A

The 1st trimester

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19
Q

Why does a spontaneous abortion occur?

A

Toxin exposure and poor nutritional status

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20
Q

How long is each trimester?

A

14 weeks

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21
Q

What happens 30 hours into the reproductive process?

A

The fertilized egg divides into two cells

22
Q

How many weeks into the reproductive process do people find out that they are pregnant?

A

8 weeks

23
Q

What happens 4 days into the reproductive process?

A

The cell number reaches 128

24
Q

What happens 14 days into the reproductive process?

A

The bundle of cells becomes an embryo

25
Q

What happens 35 days into the reproductive process?

A

Heart beating, eyes and limb buds are clearly visible

26
Q

What happens 8 weeks into the reproductive process?

A

The embryo is now a fetus

27
Q

What happens 13 weeks into the reproductive process?

A

Most organs are formed and the fetus can move

28
Q

During which trimester does a nutritional deficiency affect a mother’s ability to breastfeed?

A

The 2nd trimester

29
Q

Is the baby susceptible to toxic exposure during the 2nd trimester?

A

Yes

30
Q

The female’s body starts to prepare for lactation and production of breast milk during which trimester?

A

The 2nd trimester

31
Q

During which trimester does the fetus begin to look like an infant?

A

The 2nd trimester

32
Q

When does fat, calcium, and iron transfer to the fetus?

A

The last month of pregnancy

33
Q

How many calories are needed during the 1st trimester?

A

The normal amount of calorie intake

34
Q

How many calories are needed during the 2nd and 3rd trimester?

A

350-450 kcal extra per day are needed

35
Q

Should women really focus on calories and weight gain or should the focus be more on the quality of foods they are eating?

A

The focus be more on the quality of foods they are eating

36
Q

How many pounds should you gain during the 1st trimester?

A

2-4 pounds

37
Q

How many pounds should you gain during the 2nd and 3rd trimester per week?

A

.8-1 pound per week

38
Q

Are low fat diets safe during pregnancy?

A

No

39
Q

What are some good foods to eat during pregnancy?

A

Colorful vegetables, quality meat and dairy, wild seafood and fruit

40
Q

How much does the RDA requirement for protein increase during pregnancy?

A

It increases by 25g per day

41
Q

How much does the RDA requirement for carbs increase during pregnancy?

A

It increases to 175g per day

42
Q

How much does the RDA requirement for fats increase during pregnancy?

A

It should increase proportionally with calorie intake

43
Q

What are 2 examples of colorful vegetables?

A

Squash and potatoes

44
Q

What are the most important vitamins during pregnancy?

A

Folate and Vitamin D

45
Q

What are the most important minerals during pregnancy?

A

Iodide, iron and zinc

46
Q

How much more of most vitamins do pregnant women need?

A

50% more

47
Q

How are extracts different from vitamins?

A

Extracts are concentrated while vitamins are isolated

48
Q

What are some concerns for vegetarians who are pregnant or trying to get pregnant?

A

They have a lot of nutrient deficiencies

49
Q

Which class of vegetarian tends to experience high rates of fertility?

A

Vegans

50
Q

Which nutrients are of particular concern?

A

Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, iron, zinc, iodide and calcium

51
Q

What is the problem with soy consumption during pregnancy?

A

It may cause male baby urogenital malformations

Human Nutrition (21 decks)

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