Carbohydrates Flashcards
Do simple carbs or complex carbs taste sweet?
Simple carbs taste sweet
Do simple carbs or complex carbs not taste sweet?
Complex carbs don’t taste sweet
What is a simple sugar that is not broken down further during digestion?
Monosaccharide
List 3 types of monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
What are sugars that are formed by the chemical bonding of 2 monosaccharides?
Disaccharides
What is a disaccharides that is found in table salt?
Sucrose
What is a disaccharides that is made from the breakdown of starch?
Maltose
What is a disaccharides that is found in milk?
Lactose
What two monosaccharides combine to form sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
What two monosaccharides combine to form maltose?
Glucose and glucose
What two monosaccharides combine to form lactose?
Glucose and galactose
What are like simple carbs, but have more sugar?
Complex carbs
What is a complex carb that contains many glucose units?
Polysaccharides
List the 3 types of complex carbs
- Starches
- Fibers
- Glycogen
What two complex carbs are made from plants?
Starches and fibers
Which complex carb is made from animals?
Glycogen
Have we been consuming fruits and vegetables throughout our history or only for a short period of time?
We have been consuming them throughout our history
Have we been consuming fruit juice throughout our history or only for a short period of time?
We have been consuming it for only a short period of time
What type of carbs are in vegetables?
Starches and fibers
What type of carbs are in fruits?
Sucrose, fructose and fiber
What type of fruits have starch in them?
Unripe fruits
What 2 contents are fruits and vegetables high in?
Water and vitamins
What 2 things are fruits and vegetables low in?
Calories and fat
Are fruits nutrient dense?
Yes
The majority of carbs in the standard American diet come from what?
Grains
What nutrients are missing from refined grains?
Vitamins and fiber
What is the removal of bran and germ from the grains?
Milling
Does milling help to get rid of a grains chemical defenses?
No
What types of processing did we use when we first started to consume grains?
Fermentation and soaking/sprouting
What are most dairy products made from?
Pasteurized cow milk
Are carbs in dairy products, simple, complex, or both?
Both
What simple carb is found in dairy?
Lactose
What complex carb is found in dairy?
Fiber
What is sugar that is very concentrated?
Refined sugar
What are the 2 different types of sweeteners?
Nutritive and Alternative
How long ago did we start consuming refined sugar?
150 years ago
Is refined sugar a nutritive sweetener, alternative sweetener, or both?
It’s a nutritive sweetener