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Human Nutrition > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are large non-polar molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen?

A

Lipids

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of lipids?

A
  1. Triglyceride
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Cholesterol
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3
Q

Are lipids soluble? (Do they dissolve in water)

A

No

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4
Q

Are carbs soluble?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Is a lipid a solid, liquid, or both?

A

Both

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6
Q

What type of lipid has a glycerol backbone attached to 3 fatty acids?

A

Triglyceride

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of fatty acids that triglyceride attaches to?

A
  1. Saturated
  2. Monounsaturated
  3. Polyunsaturated
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8
Q

Is saturated fat mainly found in plants, animals, or both?

A

Animals

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9
Q

Is monounsaturated fat mainly found in plants, animals, or both?

A

Both

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10
Q

Is polyunsaturated fat mainly found in plants, animals, or both?

A

Plants

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11
Q

Is saturated fat a solid or a liquid at room temperature?

A

A solid

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12
Q

Is polyunsaturated fat a solid or a liquid at room temperature?

A

A liquid

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13
Q

What are the 3 roles of triglyceride in the body?

A
  1. Storage form of fat
  2. Contains lots of energy
  3. Transports fat-soluble vitamins
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14
Q

What type of lipid has a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group?

A

Phospholipids

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15
Q

What type of lipid has no glycerol backbone?

A

Cholesterol

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16
Q

What does the structure of cholesterol look like?

A

A multi-ring structure

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17
Q

What is the smallest out of the 3 lipids?

A

Cholesterol

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18
Q

What type of food is cholesterol found in?

A

Animal food

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19
Q

What are the 3 roles of cholesterol in the body?

A
  1. Essential component in the cell membrane
  2. Vital precursor to many important molecules
  3. Synthesized by the liver
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20
Q

Which cells contain cholesterol?

A

Every single cell

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21
Q

What is your brain made up of?

A

Fat and cholesterol

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22
Q

What allowed our guts to shrink and our brains to grow?

A

A high quality diet

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23
Q

True plant oils can be extracted through what process?

A

Cold pressing

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24
Q

What are 3 examples of true plant oils?

A

Olive oil, coconut oil, and palm oil

25
Q

What is another name for industrial seed oil?

A

Vegetable oil

26
Q

What are 3 examples of vegetable oil?

A

Canola oil, soybean oil, and safflower oil

27
Q

What is vegetable oil high in?

A

Polyunsaturated fat (omega-6)

28
Q

What types of food contain vegetable oil?

A

Processed foods

29
Q

What percentage of ingested lipids are digested and absorbed?

A

95%

30
Q

Which hormone is released into the small intestine in response to fat being in the intestine?

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

31
Q

What 2 signals does cholecystokinin provide to help with fat digestion?

A
  1. Release of bile from gallbladder

2. Pancreatic lipase excretion

32
Q

What help lipids form small droplets?

A

Bile acids

33
Q

What are transport vesicles that carry large non-polar molecules?

A

Lipoproteins

34
Q

What are the 4 types of lipoproteins?

A
  1. Chylomicrons
  2. VLDL
  3. LDL
  4. HDL
35
Q

What are chylomicrons produced by?

A

The intestine

36
Q

Why do lipids need a transport system?

A

They are insoluble

37
Q

What is the primary component of Chylomicrons?

A

Triglyceride

38
Q

What is the primary component of VLDL?

A

Triglyceride

39
Q

What is the primary component of LDL?

A

Cholesterol

40
Q

What is the primary component of HDL?

A

Protein

41
Q

Which lipoprotein carries dietary fat from the small intestine to cells?

A

Chylomicrons

42
Q

Which lipoprotein carries lipids made and taken by the liver to cells?

A

VLDL

43
Q

Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol made by the liver and other sources to cells?

A

LDL

44
Q

Which lipoprotein contributes to cholesterol removal from cells and excretion of it from the body?

A

HDL

45
Q

Are levels of lipoproteins in the blood affected by dietary cholesterol?

A

No

46
Q

What are the 2 classes of essential fatty acids?

A

Omega-3 and omega-6

47
Q

Are omega-3s and omega-6s plant forms or animal forms?

A

They are plant forms

48
Q

What broader category do omega-3s and omega-6s belong to?

A

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

49
Q

How much of omega-3s and omega-6s do you need in your diet?

A

Only 5-10% of calories

50
Q

Which omega fatty acid decreases blood clotting?

A

Omega-3

51
Q

Which omega fatty acid is anti-inflammatory?

A

Omega-3

52
Q

Which omega fatty acid increases blood clotting?

A

Omega-6

53
Q

Which omega fatty acid is pro-inflammatory?

A

Omega-6

54
Q

Why is it important to eat a 1:1 ratio of omega-3s and omega-6s?

A

It balances out the inflammatory effects

55
Q

What is the average ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 that Americans generally eat?

A

10-20:1 ratio

56
Q

What does eating more omega-6 than omega-3 do to the scale?

A

It tips the scale towards pro-inflammatory

57
Q

Which omega fatty acid is important for cognitive function and neurodevelopment?

A

Omega-3

58
Q
  1. What is the AHA recommendation for the percentage of kcal from saturated fat intake?
  2. What is the average U.S intake of total kcal from fat intake?
A
  1. 7-10%

2. 13%

59
Q
  1. What is the AHA recommendation for the percentage of total kcal that should come from fat intake?
  2. What is the average U.S intake of kcal from saturated fat intake?
A
  1. 20-30%

2. 33%

Human Nutrition (21 decks)

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