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Human Nutrition > Nutrients in Energy Metabolism > Flashcards

Nutrients in Energy Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Which class of vitamins is the most important for energy metabolism?

A

Vitamin B

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2
Q

Is vitamin B a fat soluble or a water soluble?

A

It’s a water soluble

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3
Q

How is vitamin B excreted from the body?

A

Stool and urination

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4
Q

How much of vitamin B is stored in the body?

A

Very little is stored in the body

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5
Q

Which tissue types are most affected by a vitamin B deficiency?

A

The brain, skin, nervous system and GI systems

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6
Q

Which population is most likely to develop deficiency diseases related to vitamin B?

A

Americans

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7
Q

What process reduces the vitamin content of foods?

A

Manufacturing and refining

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8
Q

Which mineral is the most important for energy metabolism?

A

Iodide

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9
Q

What is the vitamin B of the TTP coenzyme in metabolism?

A

Thiamin

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10
Q

What is the vitamin B of the FAD/FMN coenzyme in metabolism?

A

Riboflavin

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11
Q

What is the vitamin B of the NAD/NADP coenzyme in metabolism?

A

Niacin

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12
Q

What is the vitamin B of the PLP coenzyme in metabolism?

A

Vitamin B6

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13
Q

What is the vitamin B of the THF coenzyme in metabolism?

A

Folate

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14
Q

What is the vitamin B of the CoA coenzyme in metabolism?

A

Pantothenic Acid

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15
Q

What is the vitamin B of the Biotin coenzyme in metabolism?

A

Biotin

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16
Q

What is the vitamin B of the B12 coenzyme in metabolism?

A

Vitamin B12

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17
Q

What are 8 food sources of pantothenic acid?

A

Sunflower seeds, liver, mushrooms, peanuts, eggs, milk, meat and vegetables

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18
Q

Why is deficiency rare in pantothenic acid?

A

It’s widespread in food

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19
Q

Does pantothenic acid have an upper limit?

A

No

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20
Q

Thiamin deficiency results in which syndrome?

A

Beriberi

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21
Q

What are 5 symptoms of Thiamin Deficiency?

A

Extreme irritability, enlarged liver, wheezing, infrequent urination, enlarged heart

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22
Q

Are large amounts of all vitamins needed by the body?

A

No

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23
Q

Which vitamin/coenzyme is necessary for metabolism of amino acids?

A

Thiamin

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24
Q

Which is needed to convert tryptophan to serotonin?

A

Vitamin B6

25
Q

Which is needed to convert glutamate to GABA?

A

Vitamin B6

26
Q

What is an amino acid and a neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

27
Q

What is an amino acid that is higher in animal protein?

A

Tryptophan

28
Q

What is a feel good hormone that prevents depression?

A

Serotonin

29
Q

What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that balances glutamate?

A

GABA

30
Q

What are the 5 coenzymes that are necessary for carbohydrate metabolism?

A

TPP, FAD, NAD, PLP, CoA

31
Q

What are the 4 coenzymes than are necessary for lipid metabolism?

A

FAD, NAD, CoA, Biotin

32
Q

Which of the following is Thiamin a part of in metabolism?

Carbs, Lipids, Protein

A

Carbs and Proteins

33
Q

Which of the following is Riboflavin a part of in metabolism?

Carbs, Lipids, Protein

A

Carbs and Lipids

34
Q

Which of the following is Niacin a part of in metabolism?

Carbs, Lipids, Protein

A

Carbs and Lipids

35
Q

What is the newest vitamin?

A

Choline

36
Q

What are 4 general functions of choline?

A
  1. Cell membrane structure
  2. Nerve function
  3. Brain development
  4. Lipid transport
37
Q

What are the main food sources of choline in the diet?

A

Egg yolks, beef, cauliflower, almonds, and peanuts

38
Q

Where is choline absorbed in the body?

A

The small intestine

39
Q

What are 5 possible health benefits associated with choline?

A
  1. Avoids development of fatty liver
  2. Lipid transport and homocysteine metabolism
  3. Prevention of cardiovascular disease
  4. Prevention, treatment of cancer
  5. Lower risk of birth defects, DNA synthesis
40
Q

What is a mineral vital for the production of active thyroid hormone from the amino acid tyrosine?

A

Iodide

41
Q

Which cells are affected by thyroid hormone?

A

Nearly every cell

42
Q

What are the 7 roles of thyroid hormone in the body?

A
  1. Acts on nearly every cell in the body
  2. Increases basal metabolic rate
  3. Helps regulate long bone growth
  4. Helps regulate neural maturation
  5. Essential to proper development of every cell in the body
  6. Regulate fat, carb and protein metabolism
  7. Stimulate vitamin metabolism
43
Q

What does thyroid hormone help to burn in the body?

A

Excess calories

44
Q

What is another name for Hyperthyroidism?

A

Grave’s Disease

45
Q

What is another name for Hypothyroidism?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

46
Q

What happens when you have Hyperthyroidism?

A

Your body produces too much thyroid hormones

47
Q

What happens when you have Hypothyroidism?

A

Your body can’t produce enough thyroid hormones

48
Q

What are the 6 symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Protrusion of the eyeballs
  2. Insomnia
  3. Restlessness
  4. Rapid heart rate
  5. Trembling
  6. Nausea/vomiting
49
Q

What are the 5 symptoms of Hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Extreme fatigue
  2. Lack of motivation/stamina
  3. Memory loss/”brain fog”
  4. Depression/mood swings
  5. Weight gain
50
Q

Is Hyperthyroidism common?

A

No

51
Q

What are the 3 causes of Hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Leaky gut
  2. Gluten intolerance
  3. Heavy metals
52
Q

What is the main source of iodide in the body?

A

Iodized table salt

53
Q

Are Americans generally deficient in iodide?

A

No

54
Q

What is the disease associated with iodide deficiency in adults?

A

Goiter

55
Q

What is the disease associated with iodide deficiency in children?

A

Cretinism

56
Q

What disease causes an enlarged thyroid gland due to build up of TH precursors?

A

Goiter

57
Q

What disease causes the stunting of body growth and development in infants/children?

A

Cretinism

58
Q

What is a symptom of Goiter?

A

Trouble breathing

59
Q

What is the main problem with consuming too much iodide?

A

It inhibits thyroid hormone production

Human Nutrition (21 decks)

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