nutrition ch 30 Flashcards
0
Q
Chemical substances found in good that are essential for life
A
Nutrients
1
Q
Result of processes whereby the body takes in and used nutrients for growth and development
A
Nutrition
2
Q
Builds and repairs body tissue
Provides energy when reserves are low
A
Protein
3
Q
How many calories in 1 gram of protein
A
4kcal
4
Q
How many calories in 1 gram of fat
A
9kcal
5
Q
How many grams in 1 gram of carbs
A
4 kcal
6
Q
CHO
A
Carbohydrates
7
Q
carbs are a source of
A
Fiber
8
Q
carbs are stored in liver as
A
As glycogen
9
Q
Name 4 simple sugars
A
Glucose
Dextrose
Fructose
Galactose
10
Q
Sweet, require no digestion, absorbed directly into blood stream from small intestines
A
Carbs
11
Q
Dextrose is found in
A
Fruits
Veggies
Corn syrup
12
Q
Fructose is found in
A
Fruit
13
Q
Galactose is found in
A
Milk
14
Q
Name three double sugars
Disaccharides
A
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
15
Q
A chemical composition where a substance is split into smaller components by adding water
A
Hydrolysis
16
Q
Where is maltose found
A
Infant formula
Beer
17
Q
Where is lactose found
A
Milk
18
Q
Digestible polysaccharides
A
Starch, glycogen, dextrin a
19
Q
Indigestible complex carbs
Polysaccharides
A
Cellulose
Gums
Pactins
20
Q
Roughage or residue
Indigestible polysaccharide which provides bulk and binds with cholesterol
A
Dietary fiber
21
Q
Where to find dietary fiber
A
Fruit skin
Vegetable stems
Whole grains
22
Q
Absorbed directly into the bloodstream from intestines and carried to cells for energy
A
Glucose
23
Q
This type of carb is broken down by hydrolysis
A
Disaccharide
24
What enzyme breaks down sucrose
Sucrase
25
What enzyme breaks down lactose
Lactase
26
Cellulose and starch breakdown
```
Cellulose
Starch
Dextrin
Maltose
Glucose
```
27
Digestion of carbs begins in
The mouth
28
What enzyme breaks down starch and carbs in the mouth
Amylase ptyalin
29
All carbs are broken down into simple sugars by adding O2
Oxidation
30
Excess glucose that is not stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen is stored
As fat
| Adipose tissue
31
Hormone responsible for glucose metabolism produced in beta cells of the islets of langhorn in the pancreas
Insulin
32
Too much glucose in the blood
| Diabetes
Hyperglycemia
33
Not enough glucose in the blood to be used for energy
Hypoglycemia
34
What is the result of oxidation of glucose
Energy
35
What are two waste products of carbs
CO2 and H2O
36
Too little carbs leads to
Fatigue
headache
dehydration
ketosis
37
Too much carbs leads to
Obesity
Decreased appetite
Tooth decay
Flatulance
38
Oily substances not soluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether
Fats / lipids
39
Makes up adipose tissue which protects organs, bones and main source of insulation
Fats and lipids
40
This is stored in adipose tissue to provide energy when one cannot eat
Fats and lipids
41
Component of cells membranes
Fats lipids
42
Visible fat
Butter
Cooking oil
Lard
43
Invisible fat
Milk
Nuts
Pastries
Eggs
44
Gives flavor or texture to foods
Lipids
45
Most fat in food is stored as
Triglycerides
46
Triglycerides are compose of
Three fatty vids and one glycerol
47
Major function of fat is to
Provide energy
48
Takes long to digest
Fats
49
fats are broken down in the small intestine by
Lipase in pancreatic juice
50
How to fats enter the lymph system back to liver
Through lacteals
51
Chemical digestion of fats begin where using what enzyme
Stomach
| Gastric lipase
52
Fat with one double bond
| Liquid at room temperature
Mono unsaturated fats
| MUFAS
53
Fats
Two or more double bonds
Not synthesized or found in humans
Linoleic acid
Poly unsaturated fats
| PUFAS
54
Fats no bonds at all
Come from animal products
Solid at room temperature
Saturated fatty acid
55
When a polyunsaturated fatty acid like vegetable oil is hydrogenated to make it solid at room temperature
Trans fat
56
Unsaturated fats tend to be hard or soft at room temp
Soft liquid
57
Carriers of fat in the blood to body cells
Lipoproteins
58
Sterols found in animal tissues that the body needs to produces hormones, vitamin D and bile acids
Cholesterol
59
Foods high in cholesterol
Organ meats
| Egg yolk
60
Cholesterol is transported by
Lipoprotein molecules
61
Lipoprotein molecules are found in
Blood
62
Lipoprotein that functions to transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver
High density lipoproteins
63
Lipoprotein which lowers serum cholesterol levels and lowers risk of heart disease " good cholesterol"
High density cholesterol
64
Transport cholesterol from the liver to the tissues "bad cholesterol"
Low density lipoprotein
65
Aids in development of artherosclerosis and coronary artery disease
Low density lipoprotein
66
What organ controls fat metabolism
Liver
67
Fatty acids final breakdown into
CO2 and H2O
68
Fatty substance found in plant and animal food
Natural emulsifier that helps transport fats in blood
Used commercially to make foods smooth
Lecithin
69
Fatty acids found in fish oil and helps decrease coronary artery disease
Omega 3 fatty acids
70
Too little fat causes
Eczema
Growth retardation
Weight loss
71
Too much fat causes
Heart disease
Obesity
Certain cancers
72
Only nutrient that repairs tissue
Protein
73
Protein in made up of amino acids that consists what atoms
C
H
O
N
74
Needed for formation of muscles tissues glands organs skin blood clotting factors and helps maintain body's acid base balance
Protein
75
Thyroid hormones
Insulin
Antibodies
All enzymes are
Proteins
76
Chemical digestion of protein starts in
The stomach
77
What enzyme in the stomach breaks down protein into polypeptides
Pepsin
78
Protease and trypsin found in the pancreas can split protein down to
Amino acids
79
The dipeptide and tripeptide proteins are broken down in
Small intestine
80
Function of blood proteins
Albumins and globulins help keep ICF and ECF in normal fluid compartments
81
If not enough CHO an fats this provides for energy
Proteins
82
Proteins are made of
Amino acids
83
Essential amino acids are found
In diet
84
Non essential amino acids are found
In your body
85
Fat soluble vitamins
A D E K and D
86
Vitamin D is sometimes considered
Hormone
87
Fat soluble vitamins are stored in
Liver and adipose tissue
88
Name three electrolytes
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
89
Deficiency in sodium can lead to
```
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Renal disorders
Nausea
Cramps
Apathy
```
90
Too much sodium leads to
Hypertension
| Edema
91
Deficiency in potassium can lead to
Weakness
Paralysis
anorexia
Confusion
92
Too much potassium can lead to
Weakness and vomiting and heart failure
93
Deficiency in chloride leads to
Anorexia
Apathy
Renal disorders
Vomiting
94
Too much chloride can lead to
Normally harmless but can cause vomiting
95
Mineral found in milk that aids in
Bone an teeth formation
Blood clotting
Muscle contraction
Calcium
96
mineral found in meat bread and cereal which aids along with calcium
Phosphorous
97
Defiance in calcium can lead to
Osteoporosis
98
Too much mineral phosphorous can lead too
Low blood calcium
99
Mineral found in veggies nuts chocolate and whole grain that aids in protein synthesis , enzyme activity and carb metabolism
Mg magnesium
100
Mineral found in red meats, fish , poultry that aids in oxygen transport
Iron
101
Iron deficiency leads to
Impaired immunity
Fatigue
Dry itchy skin
Pale nail beds and eyes
102
Too much iron in children causes
Death
103
Too much iron in adults causes
Hair loss
Enlarged liver
Organ damage
Joint diseases
104
Mineral found in salt and seafood bread and dairy products that are components of thyroid hormones that regulate growth development an metabolism regulation
Iodine
105
Deficiency in iodine leads to
Goiter
| Weight gain
106
Too much iodine can lead to
Enlarged thyroid glands
| Decreased thyroid activity
107
Name four major minerals
Calcium
Phosphorous
Magnesium
Sulfur
108
Name two important trace elements
Iron
| Iodine
109
Hypervitaminosis
Excess vitamin intake
110
Vitamin antioxidant found in corn oil safflower oil, wheat germ, nuts and green leafy veggies, avocados sweet potatoes and beans
Vitamin E
111
Protects cell walls from oxidation
Prevents hemolysis of RBCs
Good for burns
Protects vitamins A & C
Vitamin E
112
This vitamin deficiency is sought to be very rare in humans
Vitamin E
113
Lack of vitamin E leads to
Edema
Suppresses immunity
Neuro defects in kids
Absorption problems in low birth weight newborns
114
Too much vitamin E leads too
Excessive bleeding
Impaired wound healing
Narcolepsy
Depression
115
Vitamin k can also be called
Menadine
116
This vitamin is essential for blood clotting. 50% of this vitamin is produced in lg intestine as menaquinone
Vitamin k
117
Babies unable to produce vitamin k in large intestines must
Be given an injection the first 24 hours
118
Pharmaceutical form of vitamin k
Menadine
119
Too much vitamin k can lead to
Jaundice
Increased bleeding
Hemolysis
Liver damage
120
Vitamin B1 aka
Thiamin
121
B complex vitamin that helps convert food to energy and participates in RNA and DNA formation
Thiamin vitamin B1
122
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin
123
Vitamin that participates in enzymatic energy release of carbs
Fat and protein. Promotes vision and skin health
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
124
Deficiencies in vitamin B2 riboflavin
```
Eye problems
Skin disorders
Chelonia
Gloss iris
Stomatitis
```
125
Vitamin B6
Pyridoxine
126
Vitamin involved in converting tryptophan to niacin
| RBC formation
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
127
Deficiencies Vitamin b6 pyridoxine
Central nervousness system disorders
| Seizures kidney stones
128
Vitamin B9
Folate or folic acid
129
Vitamin that aid in new cell division. Prevents anemia. RBC formation and DNA synthesis
Vitamin B9 folic acid
130
Deficiency in folic acid vitamin b9
Anemia
Smooth tongue
Neural and birth defects
131
Atrophic glossitis
Smooth tongue
132
Vitamin b12
Cobalamin
133
Deficiency in vitamin b12 leases to
Pernicious anemia
134
Vitamin c
Absorbing acid
135
Used to help iron absorption
Vitamin C
136
Deficiency in vitamin c
Capillary hemorrhage
Bleeding gums
Scurvy
Anemia
137
Lack of vitamin c leads to
Nosebleeds
Abdominal cramps
RBC damage
138
Minerals are
Atoms
139
50-60 percent of body weight is
Water
