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LPN Level 1 > A&P 26 > Flashcards

A&P 26 Flashcards

0
Q

Food is broken down into smaller substances

A

Catabolism

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1
Q

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into usable materials for energy

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Transferring broken down food elements into the circulation for transport

A

Absorption

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3
Q

After absorption when these elements are carried to the body’s cells to be used for energy and building cells

A

Anabolism

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4
Q

Another name for digestive tract

A

GI tract

Alementary canal

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5
Q

Efficient food processing mechanism for digestion and absorption. This takes place where

A

Digestive tract

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6
Q

Final stage of digestion where elimination and defamation occurred

A

Egestion

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7
Q

Actions of the digestive system are controlled majority and minorly by

A

Majority: nervous system
Minorly: endocrine system

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8
Q

Another name for the mouth

A

Oral cavity

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9
Q

Roof of mouth consisting of hard and soft?

A

Palates

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10
Q

Hard palate is where and consists of what

A

Front of mouth

Bones and tissue

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11
Q

Soft palate is made of what and found where

A

Muscle tissue

Separates mouth from Nasopharynx

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12
Q

Name three salivary glands

A

Sublingual
Parotid
Submandibular

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13
Q

Sublingual salivary glands are found

A

Under tongue

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14
Q

Parotid salivary glands are found

A

Cheeks

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15
Q

Submandibular salivary glands are found

A

Under lower jaw

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16
Q

Saliva is made of

A

Water and thick mucous called mucin

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17
Q

Salivary glands are what type of glands

A

Endocrine glands

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18
Q

Lubricates and causes food particles to stick together to form a bolus of food

A

Mucin

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19
Q

Salivary amylase is an enzyme called

A

Ptyalin

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20
Q

What system controls your salivary glands

A

Nervous system

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21
Q

What does saliva contain to prevent infections

A

Lysosomes

Immunoglobulins

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22
Q

Starch (polysaccharide) begin breakdown where

A

Mouth

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23
Q

PH of saliva is

A

6.8

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24
Q

Name the chief functions of teeth

A

Mastication

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25
Q

The physical breaking of food

A

Mastication

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26
Q

Gum of mouth

A

Gingiva

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27
Q

Bulk of tooth material under enamel

A

Dentin

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28
Q

Tough skeletal muscle in mouth covered in mucous membrane

A

Tongue

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29
Q

Bottom of tongue, fold of mucous membrane which helps to attach tongue to floor of mouth

A

Frenulum

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30
Q

Pushing of food into mouth by tongue

A

Deglutination

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31
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

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32
Q

Wavelike contractions of the intestines by which they propel their contents trough the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

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33
Q

Gullet that lines from neck to stomach

A

Esophagus

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34
Q

Muscle that guards the stomach opening

A

Cardiac sphincter

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35
Q

Cardiac sphincter also known as

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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36
Q

When LES doesn’t relax and food cannot go into stomach

A

Achalasia

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37
Q

When the LES does not close properly and acid returns into the esophagus

A

Heart burn acid reflux

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38
Q

Food begins in the gastric or peptic phase of digestion which is the

A

Stomach

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39
Q

The stomach can expand to hold

A

8 cups of water

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40
Q

The stomach receives it’s blood supply from

A

The celiac arteries

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41
Q

Controls the opening between the stomach and the duodenal portion of the small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter

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42
Q

When stomach is empty it collapses and lies in folds called

A

Rugue

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43
Q

Another place in body containing Rugue besides the stomach

A

Bladder

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44
Q

Longing found under the muscular layer of stomach that contains nerves blood and lymph vessels

A

Sub mucosa

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45
Q

Layers of stomach wall

A

Mucosa inner
Submucosa
Muscles
Serous membrane

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46
Q

Milky substance after breakdown of food in stomach

A

Chyme

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47
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

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48
Q

20 ft long intestine separated by duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

A

Small intestine

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49
Q

1st portion of small intestine which secretes mucous to protect against acidic chyme and secretes bile

A

Duodenum

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50
Q

Peters patch of lymph nodes are found in

A

Ileum portion of small intestine

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51
Q

Sphincter like muscle that regulates back flow into the small intestine

A

Illeocal valve

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52
Q

Large intestine is divided into

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

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53
Q

Function of the large intestine

A

Water and vitamin k re absorption

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54
Q

Vitamin k is good for

A

Blood clotting

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55
Q

RLQ of body you find the cecum and appendix. This is the first portion of the lg intestine. When the appendix is infected by feces unable to fully drain out this will lead to

A

Appendicitis

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56
Q

Colon consists of three portions

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending

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57
Q

What part of the colon absorbs fluid salts and vitamins

A

Ascending and transverse

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58
Q

Last portion of the colon that holds feces until defacation

A

Sigma

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59
Q

Egestion occurs

A

Rectum and anus

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60
Q

Pathway of digestion

A 
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Cardiac sphincter
Stomach
Pyloric sphincter
Small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum 
Ileum
Illeocal valve 
Large intestine
Cecum
Colon ascending transverse and descending
Sigmoid
Rectum 
Anus
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61
Q

Name four accessory organs

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Peritoneum

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62
Q

Bodies largest grandular organ

A

Liver

63
Q

Liver found in what quadrant

A

Upper right quadrant

64
Q

Liver receives blood supply from

A

Hepatic artery

65
Q

Detoxifies blood by removing toxins and poisons , absorbs bilirubin from destruction of old RBCs

A

Liver

66
Q

The liver stores glucose as

A

Glycogen

67
Q

This organ stores fats and carbs and also fat soluble vitamins such as A,D,E,K and iron

A

Liver

68
Q

The liver aids in formation of what vitamin

A

A

69
Q

The liver forms what three plasma proteins

A

Albumin
Prothrombin
Globulins

70
Q

The liver produces blue and the gallbladder

A

Stores the bile

71
Q

Stores and releases bile as needed into the small intestine

A

Gallbladder

72
Q

Removal of gallbladder for liver to take over its functions

A

Cholecystomy

73
Q

System of passageways for the transport of bile from the liver to the gallbladder to intestine

A

Biliary apparatus

74
Q

Passageway of the biliary apparatus

A

Liver
Hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Gallbladder for storage

75
Q

Activates the gallbladder to release bile

A

Cholecystokinin

76
Q

Cholithiasis

A

Gall stones

77
Q

The liver synthesizes carbs fats and proteins and delivers to the heart through

A

Hepatic vein

78
Q

Located behind the stomach

Secretes insulin, glucagon, sematostatin into bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels

A

Pancreas

79
Q

Exocrine functions of the pancreas

A

Produces pancreatic juices by its acinar cells

80
Q

Acinar cells in the pancrease produce three main enzymes

A

Amylase
Trypsin
Lipase

81
Q

Amylase aids in breakdown of

A

Starch

82
Q

Trypsin aids in breakdown of

A

Proteins to amino acids

83
Q

Lipase aids in breakdown of

A

Fats and lipids into triglycerides

84
Q

Pancreas activates enzymes in the

A

Small intestine duodenum portion

85
Q

Also found in pancreatic juice is

A

Water and bicarbonates HCO3-

86
Q

Best PH levels for enzymes to react is

A

5 to 8

87
Q

Serous membrane that covers and protects abdominal organs

A

Peritoneum

88
Q

The peritoneum is made if three layers

A

Visceral
Peritoneal cavity with fluid
Parietal

89
Q

Folds of the peritoneum that provides support and protection to the intestines are called

A

Mesentaries

90
Q

What enzyme is found in the mouth

A

Salivary amylase ptyalin

91
Q

Ptyalin is an enzymes used to breakdown

A

Starch into dextrin

92
Q

In the stomach lining this aids in stimulation of HCI and pepsin

A

Mucin

93
Q

Regulatory hormones found in pyloric glands

A

Gastrin

94
Q

Parietal cells of stomach secretes

A

HCI and intrisic factor

95
Q

HCI hydroxides carbs into

A

Glucose and fructose

96
Q

Chief cells of stomach

A

Pepsinogen

Gastric lipase

97
Q

Pepsinogen in stomach turns into pepsin and

A

Begins digestion of proteins into polypeptides

98
Q

Gastric lipase digests

A

Fats into triglycerides mostly emulsifies fats

99
Q

Enzyme found in kidneys

A

Renin

100
Q

Renin regulates

A

Blood pressure

101
Q

Storage areas of the stomach

A

Fondus and body of stomach

102
Q

Part of stomach used for main digestion

A

Pyloris

103
Q

When activated by HCI Pepsinogen turns into pepsin which aids in

A

Breakdown of proteins

104
Q

Intrisic factor is necessary for absorption of

A

Vitamin b12

105
Q

Regulatory hormone produced by stomach which stimulates secretion of HCI and Pepsinogen also helps pancreas to secrete enzymes and gallbladder to secrete bile

A

Gastrin

Pyloric glands

106
Q

A hormone secreted by the jejunum and duodenum of small intestine

A

Cholecystokinin

107
Q

Cholecystokinin activates the

A

Gallbladder to release bile into the duodenum

108
Q

Cholecystokinin CCK stimulates the pancreas to

A

Secrete pancreatic juices

109
Q

Small intestine lining enzymes sucrase Maltese and lactase used to break down

A

Carbs

110
Q

Absorbs nutrients from the small intestine into the blood stream for delivery to cells

A

Villi or microvilli

111
Q

Gluelike particles found in the small intestine that transports digested fats to the villi

A

Micelles

112
Q

Dead end lymph capillaries within each villus that’s absorbs fat soluble nutrients

A

Lacteals

113
Q

Cellular respiration is a form of what type of metabolism

A

Catabolism

114
Q

Muscle located between the esophagus and stomach

A

Cardiac sphincter

115
Q

Difficulty in swallowing

A

Dysphagia

116
Q

Finger like projection of the cecum that has no known function

A

Appendix

117
Q

First portion of the small intestine which is 10-12 inches long

A

Duodenum

118
Q

Process of transferring food elements into circulation for transportation

A

Absorption

119
Q

Semiliquid that is formed in the stomach when food mixed with gastric juices

A

Chyme

120
Q

First portion if the large intestine

A

Cecum

121
Q

Ball of food mixed with saliva

A

Bolus

122
Q

Process Of eliminating solid intestinal wastes from colon

A

Defacation

123
Q

Breakdown of food into visible energy

A

Digestion

124
Q

Longest portion of the large intestine

A

Colon

125
Q

Swallowing process

A

Deglutination

126
Q

Vomiting

A

Emesis

127
Q

Greenish brownish liquid manufactured by liver and store in gallbladder

A

Bile

128
Q

Extends from the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

129
Q

Large sheet of serous membrane that covers many abdominal organs

A

Peritoneum

130
Q

Secretions that digest food

A

Enzymes

131
Q

Portion of the small intestine that is about 11 feet long

A

Ileum

132
Q

Controls the opening between the stomach and the duodenal portion of the small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter

133
Q

Dead end lymph capillaries within each villus that absorbs fat soluble nutrients

A

Lacteals

134
Q

Stores and releases bile as needed

A

Gall bladder

135
Q

Act of chewing

A

Mastication

136
Q

Middle section of the small intestine

A

Jejunum 8 ft long

137
Q

Bodies largest grandular organ in the right upper abdominal cavity

A

Liver

138
Q

Waves of contractions in the GI tract that move food along

A

Peristalsis

139
Q

Particles that transport digested fats to the intestinal villi

A

Micelle

140
Q

Folds in stomach

A

Rugae

141
Q

Touch skeletal muscle covered in mucous membranes

A

Tongue

142
Q

Finger like projections of intestines

A

Villi

143
Q

secretion of saliva controlled by the nervous system

A

Salivation

144
Q

CHO

A

Carbohydrates

145
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

Cardiac sphincter

146
Q

Lower narrow portion of stomach

A

Pyloris

147
Q

How long does it take to process food

A

48 hours

148
Q

List functions of saliva

A

Break down starch
Assists swallowing
Softens and lubricates food
Dissolves some food components

149
Q

Describe function of Rugae

A

Allows stomach to expand

150
Q

Main function of large intestine

A

Re absorption

151
Q

Describe livers role regarding vitamins

A

Storage

152
Q

Exocrine function of pancreas

A

Acinar cells create pancreatic juice with enzymes to deliver to small intestine

153
Q

Describe endocrine function of pancreas

A

Insulin glucagon sematostatin

Regulates blood sugar levels

154
Q

Bile emulsifies

A

Fats

LPN Level 1 (19 decks)

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