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LPN Level 1 > A&P 27 28 29 > Flashcards

A&P 27 28 29 Flashcards

0
Q

Major structures of the urinary system

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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1
Q

Filtration and removal plant

Excretory system

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

Extracts wastes from the blood, balances body fluids , an forms urine

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

Conducts urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

Ureters

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4
Q

Serves as a reservoir for urine

A

Bladder

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5
Q

Conducts urine from the bladder to the outside

A

urethra

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6
Q

An accumulation of water in tissues is known as

A

Edema

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7
Q

The kidneys are said to be retroperitoneal bc

A

They lie behind the peritoneum

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8
Q

Everyday 10% of your blood circulates through your

A

Kidneys

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9
Q

A notch through which the blood vessels nerves and ureter enter the kidneys

A

Hilium

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10
Q

Oh of urine

A

6

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11
Q

Outer reddish brown part of the kidney that extends from the outside of the kidney and in between the renal pyramids

A

Renal cortex

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12
Q

Renal pyramid

A

Renal medulla

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13
Q

Renal tubules
Loops of henle
Collecting tubules

A

Renal medulla

Renal pyramid

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14
Q

The major role of kidneys is to

A

Filter water soluble wastes out of blood

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15
Q

Functional units of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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16
Q

Cells that form urine

A

Nephrons

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17
Q

How many nephrons are in each kidney

A

Millions

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18
Q

Han beings can survive using only one third of their

A

Nephrons

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19
Q

Come shaped structures in the kidney

A

Renal medulla

Renal pyramid

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20
Q

At one end of each nephron is a clotted cluster of tuft capillaries called

A

Glomerulus

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21
Q

Membrane of the glomerulus

A

Mesangium

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22
Q

The glomerulus is enclosed in a structure called

A

The bowmans capsule

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23
Q

Pressure filters large salutes out of the blood through small pores

A

Bowmans capsules

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24
Q

The glomerulus and the bowmans capsule together are known as

A

Renal corpuscle

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25
Q

Which arteriole enters the bowmans capsule

A

Afferent

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26
Q

This layer of the glomerulus has large openings that allow all blood components except RBC’s to pass through to middle layer

A

Epithelium layer

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27
Q

Middle layer of glomerulus

Prevents passage of large proteins through it by filtration

A

Basement membrane

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28
Q

Thin porous membrane that covers the basement membrane of the glomerulus

A

Epithelium

Capsular membrane

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29
Q

The epithelial capsular membrane of the glomerulus is covered in cells called

A

Podocytes

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30
Q

Pedecils are extensions of Podocytes on the surface of the epithelial membrane which

A

Restrict medium sized proteins from entering

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31
Q

Causes alteration in te basement membrane reducing the filtering abilities of the kidneys

A

Glomerulonephritis

Diabetic nephropathy

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32
Q

First portion tubule where glucose

Amino acids salts and are actively transported using ATP accords the membranes back to blood peri tubular capillaries

A

PCT

Proximal consulates tubule

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33
Q

What enters the bowmans capsule

A

Sodium
Glucose
Amino acids

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34
Q

What doesn’t get filtered into the bowmans capsule

A

RBC’s

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35
Q

Loops of henle s purpose ?

A

Pumps out electrolytes salts potassium into renal medulla using ATP which allows water to pump out as well

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36
Q

Final portion of nephron

A

Distal consulates tubules

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37
Q

Site of tubular secretion

A

DCT

Distal consulates tubule

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38
Q

End of nephron that secretes creatinine and hydrogen ions while also re absorbing sodium water and remainder of glucose

A

DCT

Distal consulates tubule

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39
Q

After blood leaves DCT, it moves into

A

Collecting tubules

Or medullary collecting duct

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40
Q

A hormone important in blood pressure regulation

A

Renin

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41
Q

When blood pressure falls what releases renin into blood

A

Juxtaglomular apparatus

JGA

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42
Q

Renin released into blood stream stimulates formation of

A

Angiotensin I

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43
Q

Angiotensin I in the presence of converting enzyme I’m the lungs turns into

A

Angiotensin II

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44
Q

Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to

A

Constrict and raise blood pressure

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45
Q

Angiotensin II stimulates secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex that promotes

A

Sodium and water retention to further elevate blood pressure

46
Q

Excretion of the RAA system in urine is

A

Potassium

47
Q

ADH in response to angiotensin II increases re absorption of water in

A

kidney tubule collecting duct

48
Q

Angiotensin II also causes a person to become more

A

Thirsty

49
Q

Hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates stem cells in red bone marrow to increase formation of RBCs

A

Erythropoietin

50
Q

Hypoxia in tissues stimulates production of

A

Erythropoietin in kidneys

51
Q

ESRD

End stage renal disease

A

Erythropoietin not produced ending in anemia

52
Q

Two hormones created by kidneys

A

Renin

Erythropoietin

53
Q

Efferent arteriole become peri tubular capillaries and returns blood to

A

Inferior vena cava of heart

54
Q

Kidneys also convert which vitamin to useful form

A

D

55
Q

Carries urine down to urinary bladder for storage

A

Ureter

56
Q

Come shaped structure on medulla of kidney

A

Renal pyramid

57
Q

The outer portion of kidney

A

Renal cortex

58
Q

Te part of the nephron in which filtration occurs

A

Bowmans capsule

59
Q

The notch on the medial border of the kidney where blood vessels an the ureter connect with the kidney

A

Hilus

60
Q

A funnel shaped basin that forms the upper end of the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

61
Q

The part of the nephron between the convulated tubules

A

Loop of henle

62
Q

The term that describes the capillaries around the nephron

A

Peri tubular capillaries

63
Q

An extension of the renal pelvis that collects urine

A

Calyx

64
Q

The part of the nephron that releases renin

A

JGA

Juxtaglomuler apparatus

65
Q

A term that describes the location of the kidneys

A

Retroperitoneal

66
Q

A dropping of the kidney

A

Ptosis

67
Q

The presence of blood in urine

A

Hematuria

68
Q

The use of shock waves to shatter kidney stones

A

Lithotripsy

69
Q

The presence of puss in urine

A

Pyuria

70
Q

Inflammation of the bladder

A

Cystitis

71
Q

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidneys

A

Pyelonephritis

72
Q

Renal calci

Pyelolethiasis

A

Kidney stones

73
Q

Accumulation of nitrogen wastes products from the body

A

Uremia

74
Q

A method for removing waste products from the bood and body

A

Dialysis

75
Q

The tube that conducts urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

A

Urethra

76
Q

The small coiled tube that is the functional unit of the kidney is

A

Nephron

77
Q

The cluster of capillaries within the bowmans capsule

A

Glomerulus

78
Q

The common term for micturition

A

Urination

79
Q

Most materials that enter the nephron are returned to circulation by a process called

A

Active transport

80
Q

The main nitrogen waste material

A

Urea

81
Q

Materials diffuse from the glomerulus into bowmans capsule by what process

A

Filtration

82
Q

Outside opening of the urethra

A

Urethral meatus

83
Q

An enzyme produced by the kidney that acts to raise blood pressure

A

Renin

84
Q

Average daily output

A

1,000-1500 mL

85
Q

In males

Produces spermatozoa through a process called spermatogenesis

A

Testes

86
Q

Holds testes and regulates temp

A

Scrotum

87
Q

The beginning of the spermatic chord

A

Ductus deferens

88
Q

The functional unit of the testes where sperm cells are produced and matured

A

Seminiferous tubules

89
Q

Small clusters of specialized endocrine cells between the seminiferous tubules that secrete testosterone and other androgens that also produce sperm

A

Interstitial cells

90
Q

Sperm also

A

.

91
Q

Epydidymus
Ductus differentia
Ejaculatory ducts all are part of te

A

Ductal system

92
Q

Comma shaped organ attaché posteriorly to testes which store sperm cells which mature and develop tail and mobility

A

Epididymis

93
Q

Common site for herniation in men

A

Inguinal canal

94
Q

what is cut and tied during vasectomy

A

Vas deferens

Ductus deferentia

95
Q

Involuntarily contracts spermatic chord to bring testicles closer to body for warmth

A

Cremasturic reflex

96
Q

Temperature to maintain sperm production

A

95F or 35C

97
Q

Undescended testes that do not move into scrotal sac, usually premature infants

A

Cryptorchidism

98
Q

Route of sperm

A 
Testes (seminiferous tubules)
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct where seminal vesicles releases hormones
Inguinal canal
Urethra
99
Q

Glans penis

A

Penis head

100
Q

Convulated sac shaped glands located posterior to urinary bladder that secrete semen which is a fluid medium for aperm

A

Seminal vesicle

101
Q

Finite shaped muscular structure lying below bladder that adds alkaline secretion to semen which increases sperms motility

A

Prostate gland

102
Q

Sperm cell also called

A

Gamete

103
Q

Painful or difficult menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

104
Q

Surgical removal of uterus

A

Hysterectomy

105
Q

The make go bad is

A

Testes

106
Q

Removal of breast

A

Mastectomy

107
Q

Inflammation of uterine tube

A

Salpingitis

108
Q

A fold of membrane near the opening of vaginal canal

A

Vulva

109
Q

Fringe like extensions of the oviduct

A

Fimbrae

110
Q

Thin membrane over the vaginal orifice opening that can close it completely

A

Hymen

111
Q

The uppermost portion of the uterus

A

Fondus

112
Q

Area in which bartholin glands open

A

Vestibule

LPN Level 1 (19 decks)

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