A&P 27 28 29 Flashcards
0
Q
Major structures of the urinary system
A
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
1
Q
Filtration and removal plant
Excretory system
A
Urinary system
2
Q
Extracts wastes from the blood, balances body fluids , an forms urine
A
Kidneys
3
Q
Conducts urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
A
Ureters
4
Q
Serves as a reservoir for urine
A
Bladder
5
Q
Conducts urine from the bladder to the outside
A
urethra
6
Q
An accumulation of water in tissues is known as
A
Edema
7
Q
The kidneys are said to be retroperitoneal bc
A
They lie behind the peritoneum
8
Q
Everyday 10% of your blood circulates through your
A
Kidneys
9
Q
A notch through which the blood vessels nerves and ureter enter the kidneys
A
Hilium
10
Q
Oh of urine
A
6
11
Q
Outer reddish brown part of the kidney that extends from the outside of the kidney and in between the renal pyramids
A
Renal cortex
12
Q
Renal pyramid
A
Renal medulla
13
Q
Renal tubules
Loops of henle
Collecting tubules
A
Renal medulla
Renal pyramid
14
Q
The major role of kidneys is to
A
Filter water soluble wastes out of blood
15
Q
Functional units of the kidneys
A
Nephrons
16
Q
Cells that form urine
A
Nephrons
17
Q
How many nephrons are in each kidney
A
Millions
18
Q
Han beings can survive using only one third of their
A
Nephrons
19
Q
Come shaped structures in the kidney
A
Renal medulla
Renal pyramid
20
Q
At one end of each nephron is a clotted cluster of tuft capillaries called
A
Glomerulus
21
Q
Membrane of the glomerulus
A
Mesangium
22
Q
The glomerulus is enclosed in a structure called
A
The bowmans capsule
23
Q
Pressure filters large salutes out of the blood through small pores
A
Bowmans capsules
24
The glomerulus and the bowmans capsule together are known as
Renal corpuscle
25
Which arteriole enters the bowmans capsule
Afferent
26
This layer of the glomerulus has large openings that allow all blood components except RBC's to pass through to middle layer
Epithelium layer
27
Middle layer of glomerulus
| Prevents passage of large proteins through it by filtration
Basement membrane
28
Thin porous membrane that covers the basement membrane of the glomerulus
Epithelium
| Capsular membrane
29
The epithelial capsular membrane of the glomerulus is covered in cells called
Podocytes
30
Pedecils are extensions of Podocytes on the surface of the epithelial membrane which
Restrict medium sized proteins from entering
31
Causes alteration in te basement membrane reducing the filtering abilities of the kidneys
Glomerulonephritis
| Diabetic nephropathy
32
First portion tubule where glucose
| Amino acids salts and are actively transported using ATP accords the membranes back to blood peri tubular capillaries
PCT
| Proximal consulates tubule
33
What enters the bowmans capsule
Sodium
Glucose
Amino acids
34
What doesn't get filtered into the bowmans capsule
RBC's
35
Loops of henle s purpose ?
Pumps out electrolytes salts potassium into renal medulla using ATP which allows water to pump out as well
36
Final portion of nephron
Distal consulates tubules
37
Site of tubular secretion
DCT
| Distal consulates tubule
38
End of nephron that secretes creatinine and hydrogen ions while also re absorbing sodium water and remainder of glucose
DCT
| Distal consulates tubule
39
After blood leaves DCT, it moves into
Collecting tubules
| Or medullary collecting duct
40
A hormone important in blood pressure regulation
Renin
41
When blood pressure falls what releases renin into blood
Juxtaglomular apparatus
| JGA
42
Renin released into blood stream stimulates formation of
Angiotensin I
43
Angiotensin I in the presence of converting enzyme I'm the lungs turns into
Angiotensin II
44
Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to
Constrict and raise blood pressure
45
Angiotensin II stimulates secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex that promotes
Sodium and water retention to further elevate blood pressure
46
Excretion of the RAA system in urine is
Potassium
47
ADH in response to angiotensin II increases re absorption of water in
kidney tubule collecting duct
48
Angiotensin II also causes a person to become more
Thirsty
49
Hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates stem cells in red bone marrow to increase formation of RBCs
Erythropoietin
50
Hypoxia in tissues stimulates production of
Erythropoietin in kidneys
51
ESRD
| End stage renal disease
Erythropoietin not produced ending in anemia
52
Two hormones created by kidneys
Renin
| Erythropoietin
53
Efferent arteriole become peri tubular capillaries and returns blood to
Inferior vena cava of heart
54
Kidneys also convert which vitamin to useful form
D
55
Carries urine down to urinary bladder for storage
Ureter
56
Come shaped structure on medulla of kidney
Renal pyramid
57
The outer portion of kidney
Renal cortex
58
Te part of the nephron in which filtration occurs
Bowmans capsule
59
The notch on the medial border of the kidney where blood vessels an the ureter connect with the kidney
Hilus
60
A funnel shaped basin that forms the upper end of the ureter
Renal pelvis
61
The part of the nephron between the convulated tubules
Loop of henle
62
The term that describes the capillaries around the nephron
Peri tubular capillaries
63
An extension of the renal pelvis that collects urine
Calyx
64
The part of the nephron that releases renin
JGA
| Juxtaglomuler apparatus
65
A term that describes the location of the kidneys
Retroperitoneal
66
A dropping of the kidney
Ptosis
67
The presence of blood in urine
Hematuria
68
The use of shock waves to shatter kidney stones
Lithotripsy
69
The presence of puss in urine
Pyuria
70
Inflammation of the bladder
Cystitis
71
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidneys
Pyelonephritis
72
Renal calci
| Pyelolethiasis
Kidney stones
73
Accumulation of nitrogen wastes products from the body
Uremia
74
A method for removing waste products from the bood and body
Dialysis
75
The tube that conducts urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
76
The small coiled tube that is the functional unit of the kidney is
Nephron
77
The cluster of capillaries within the bowmans capsule
Glomerulus
78
The common term for micturition
Urination
79
Most materials that enter the nephron are returned to circulation by a process called
Active transport
80
The main nitrogen waste material
Urea
81
Materials diffuse from the glomerulus into bowmans capsule by what process
Filtration
82
Outside opening of the urethra
Urethral meatus
83
An enzyme produced by the kidney that acts to raise blood pressure
Renin
84
Average daily output
1,000-1500 mL
85
In males
| Produces spermatozoa through a process called spermatogenesis
Testes
86
Holds testes and regulates temp
Scrotum
87
The beginning of the spermatic chord
Ductus deferens
88
The functional unit of the testes where sperm cells are produced and matured
Seminiferous tubules
89
Small clusters of specialized endocrine cells between the seminiferous tubules that secrete testosterone and other androgens that also produce sperm
Interstitial cells
90
Sperm also
.
91
Epydidymus
Ductus differentia
Ejaculatory ducts all are part of te
Ductal system
92
Comma shaped organ attaché posteriorly to testes which store sperm cells which mature and develop tail and mobility
Epididymis
93
Common site for herniation in men
Inguinal canal
94
what is cut and tied during vasectomy
Vas deferens
| Ductus deferentia
95
Involuntarily contracts spermatic chord to bring testicles closer to body for warmth
Cremasturic reflex
96
Temperature to maintain sperm production
95F or 35C
97
Undescended testes that do not move into scrotal sac, usually premature infants
Cryptorchidism
98
Route of sperm
```
Testes (seminiferous tubules)
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct where seminal vesicles releases hormones
Inguinal canal
Urethra
```
99
Glans penis
Penis head
100
Convulated sac shaped glands located posterior to urinary bladder that secrete semen which is a fluid medium for aperm
Seminal vesicle
101
Finite shaped muscular structure lying below bladder that adds alkaline secretion to semen which increases sperms motility
Prostate gland
102
Sperm cell also called
Gamete
103
Painful or difficult menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
104
Surgical removal of uterus
Hysterectomy
105
The make go bad is
Testes
106
Removal of breast
Mastectomy
107
Inflammation of uterine tube
Salpingitis
108
A fold of membrane near the opening of vaginal canal
Vulva
109
Fringe like extensions of the oviduct
Fimbrae
110
Thin membrane over the vaginal orifice opening that can close it completely
Hymen
111
The uppermost portion of the uterus
Fondus
112
Area in which bartholin glands open
Vestibule
