A&P 15 17 Flashcards
0
Q
hypernatremia
A
Too much sodium in blood
1
Q
Once a molecule of for example sodium chloride enters the body….
A
H2o breaks down the molecules into electrolytes
2
Q
Hyponatremia
A
Too low sodium in blood
3
Q
Hyperkalemia
A
Too much potassium in blood K+
4
Q
Hypokalemia
A
Too little K+ in blood stream
5
Q
Hypercalcemia
A
Too high calcium in blood
6
Q
Hypocalcemia
A
Too low calcium in blood
7
Q
Too high or too low K+ potassium can cause
A
Cardiac arrest
8
Q
Positive charged ions
A
Cations
9
Q
Negative charged ion
A
Anion
10
Q
Why is iron important
A
In hemoglobin and red blood cells. Aids in oxygen transportation
11
Q
Name a few life functions
A
Respiratory
Reproductive
Digestion
Responsiveness
12
Q
The sequence of laws of matter an their interactions with energy
A
Physics
13
Q
Is the science concerned with the structure and composition of matter an the chemical reactions these substances can produce
A
Chemistry
14
Q
The dynamic interactions between anatomy and physiology / physical and emotional equilibrium / involves a humans chemical reactions physical condition and emotional status
A
Homeostasis
15
Q
Anything that occupies space and weight
A
Matter
16
Q
Name the top elements in the human body
A
C O H N Fe Ca K Cl S Cr Na
17
Q
When atoms of two or more elements react chemically to form a substance
A
Compound
18
Q
A blend of two or more substances that have been mixed together without forming a new compound
A
Mixture
Ex saline
19
Q
Chemical structure remains unchanged but physical changes
Ex water
A
Physical change
20
Q
When the components of a compound break down
A
Chemical change
21
Q
medical terms
Hepato
A
Liver
22
Q
Osteo
A
Bone
23
Q
Neuro
A
Nerves
24
Gastric
Stomach
25
Itis
Inflammation
26
Ectomy
Removal of
27
Medical terminology based on names of people
| Ex Parkinson's and Alzheimer's
Edonyms
28
The study of body structure
Anatomy
29
The study of how the body functions
Physiology
30
The study of functioning disorders
Pathophysiology
31
Body is divided into posterior and anterior portions
Frontal or coronal plane
32
Divides body into right or left sides
Sagittal or vertical plane
33
Divides body into inferior and superior portions
Transfers or horizontal plane
34
Space within the body that contains internal organs
Cavity
35
Dorsal posterior aviary contains
Cranial cavity
| Spinal cavity
36
Ventral anterior cavity contains
Thoracic cavity
| Adominipelvic cavity
37
The thoracic cavity contains
Mediastinum
Pericardial cavity
Two pleural cavities
38
The pericardial cavity holds
The heart
39
The pleural cavity holds the
Lungs
40
What does the adominopelvic cavity contain
Abdominal cavity
| Pelvic cavity
41
Largest muscle that separates the central cavities
Diaphragm
42
The liver and the gallbladder can be found in what quadrant
Right upper quadrant
Right hypochondriac or
Epigrastric regions
43
What region would you find te stomach
Left upper quadrant
44
What region would you find the appendix
Left iliac region
| Left lower quadrant
45
Abdominal cavity contains what organs
Stomach, spleen, kidneys
46
Pelvic cavity contains what's organs
reproductive organs
| Urinary bladder
47
Thoracic cavity contains what organs
Heart and lungs
48
Directional term
| Closer to skin
Superficial
49
Directional term
Furthest from skin
Deep
50
Lying face upward
Supine
51
Lying face downward
Prone
52
Structural levels in the body
```
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ system
Organism
```
53
Building up or conversion of chemicals from injected substances
Anabolism
54
Process of breaking down substances into simpler substances
Catabolism
55
Phospholipid double layer membrane of the cell
Cell membrane
56
Made up of DNA molecules that form genetic material called genes
Chromosomes
57
Source of aerobic respiration
Produces ATP
Power house of the cell
Mitochondria
58
Synthesizes carbs and transports proteins out of the cell
| Exocytosis
Golgi apparatus
59
Digests enzymes to breakdown biological material
Lysosomes
60
Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
61
Contains centrioles which play a part in reproduction
Centrosomes
62
Mitosis
Cellular reproduction
63
Egg and sperm reproduction
Meiosis
64
Speeds up chemical reactions
Enzymes
65
Tissues
Covers and protects surfaces, cavities and lumina
A vascular w/ out blood vessels
Epithelial tissue
66
Tissues
Supports, binds, connects other tissues.
Provides protection to organs
Connective tissue
67
Name 4 types of connective tissue
Bone
Areole
Cartilage
Blood
68
Tissue
| Skeletal, smooth and cardiac are all
Muscle tissue
69
Tissue
| Composed of neuralgia and neurons
Nerve tissue
70
The dynamic process through which the body maintains balance by constantly adjusting to external and internal environments
Homeostasis
71
Occurs when the body reverses an original stimulus to regain physiologic balance.
Ex temperature, blood pressure
Negative feedback
72
When the body enhances or intensifies an original stimulus
Ex blood clotting
Women in labor
Positive feedback
73
Major systems involving feedback is
Nervous system and endocrine systems
74
Fluid within cells
| Helps maintains cells shape
Isn't acellular fluid
75
Fluid outside the cell composed of intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid
Tissue fluid found in between cells
76
Tissue fluid found in between cells
Interstitial fluid
77
Intravascular fluid
Watery fluid found in blood
| Plasma
78
Fluid found within epithelial lines spaces
| Ex synovial fluid
Transcellular fluid
| ECF
79
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
80
Where is CSF found
Brain
Spinal cord
Aqueous fluid - eyes
81
When there isn't enough ECF in the body blood pressure drops. When blood pressure drops what happens
Hypovelemic shock
82
Too much ECF can cause high blood pressure and risk for
Congestive heart failure
83
ADH
Anti diuretic hormone
84
In negative feedback
| ADH is released an urine production is decreased and water reabsorption is increased because
There is an increase of sodium in the bloodstream
85
In negative feedback
Controls fluid volume
When blood volume decreases this system releases aldosterone to increase water and sodium reabsorption by the kidneys to stabilize blood volume
RAA
| System
86
Negative feedback
| Hearts right atrium releases
ANP
87
An excess of water in the body
Over hydration
88
Excess accumulation of fluid in interstitial fluid spaces
Edema
| Endocrine disorders can cause this
89
The process by which the body used oxygen to form new needed substances
Oxidation
90
When water exerts pressure against the walls or vessels that contains it
Hydrostatic pressure
91
What is the major intercellular electrolyte
Potassium K+
92
What is the major extracellular electrolyte
Na+ sodium
93
A stable balance solution
Isotonic solution
94
When there is more water and less solvents in a solution this would be called
Hypotonic solution
95
When there is more solvents an less water In a solution this is called a
Hypertonic solution
96
What happens the a blood cell in a hypertonic solution
Cremated
97
What happens to a blood cell in a hypotonic solution
Hemolysis
98
When water moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
Osmosis
99
Te transport of water and dissolved materials trough a membrane from an area if higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
Filtration
100
uses a protein carrier and insulin to open the doorway to allow glucose into or out of a cell
Facilitated diffusion
101
Requiring ATP for energy the balancing of NA+ and K+ in an out if the cell
Active transport
102
WBC's and microphages that engulf bacteria by
Phagocytosis
103
Cell drinking droplets of ECF
Pinocytosis
104
Leukocyte
WBC
105
Erythrocytes
Red Blood cell
| RBC
106
Thrombocytes
Platelets
107
Fluid and electrolyte balance depend on
Osmolarity
| Electro neutrality
108
The balance of positive and negative ions
Electro neutrality
109
Solutions with a lot of H+ atoms are considered
Acidic
110
These two organs create a neutral balance of acid and base in your blood. What are they and what are they called
Lungs and kidneys
| Buffers
111
When PH is low it can cause diarrhea kerosine and kidney disorders
Metabolic acidosis
112
When PH is high causing dehydration vomiting and endocrine disorders
Metabolic alkalosis
113
PH 7.35-7.45
ECF
| blood
114
Double membrane
Serous membrane
115
Membrane with an opening to the outside
| Ex digestive system
Mucous membrane
116
Closest membrane to organ
Visceral membrane
117
Inner membrane
Pleura membrane
118
Outer membrane
Parietal membrane
