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LPN Level 1 > A&P 15 17 > Flashcards

A&P 15 17 Flashcards

0
Q

hypernatremia

A

Too much sodium in blood

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1
Q

Once a molecule of for example sodium chloride enters the body….

A

H2o breaks down the molecules into electrolytes

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2
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Too low sodium in blood

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3
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Too much potassium in blood K+

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4
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Too little K+ in blood stream

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5
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Too high calcium in blood

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6
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Too low calcium in blood

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7
Q

Too high or too low K+ potassium can cause

A

Cardiac arrest

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8
Q

Positive charged ions

A

Cations

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9
Q

Negative charged ion

A

Anion

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10
Q

Why is iron important

A

In hemoglobin and red blood cells. Aids in oxygen transportation

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11
Q

Name a few life functions

A

Respiratory
Reproductive
Digestion
Responsiveness

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12
Q

The sequence of laws of matter an their interactions with energy

A

Physics

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13
Q

Is the science concerned with the structure and composition of matter an the chemical reactions these substances can produce

A

Chemistry

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14
Q

The dynamic interactions between anatomy and physiology / physical and emotional equilibrium / involves a humans chemical reactions physical condition and emotional status

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

Anything that occupies space and weight

A

Matter

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16
Q

Name the top elements in the human body

A 
C
O
H
N
Fe
Ca
K
Cl
S
Cr
Na
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17
Q

When atoms of two or more elements react chemically to form a substance

A

Compound

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18
Q

A blend of two or more substances that have been mixed together without forming a new compound

A

Mixture

Ex saline

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19
Q

Chemical structure remains unchanged but physical changes

Ex water

A

Physical change

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20
Q

When the components of a compound break down

A

Chemical change

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21
Q

medical terms

Hepato

A

Liver

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22
Q

Osteo

A

Bone

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23
Q

Neuro

A

Nerves

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24
Q

Gastric

A

Stomach

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25
Q

Itis

A

Inflammation

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26
Q

Ectomy

A

Removal of

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27
Q

Medical terminology based on names of people

Ex Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s

A

Edonyms

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28
Q

The study of body structure

A

Anatomy

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29
Q

The study of how the body functions

A

Physiology

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30
Q

The study of functioning disorders

A

Pathophysiology

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31
Q

Body is divided into posterior and anterior portions

A

Frontal or coronal plane

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32
Q

Divides body into right or left sides

A

Sagittal or vertical plane

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33
Q

Divides body into inferior and superior portions

A

Transfers or horizontal plane

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34
Q

Space within the body that contains internal organs

A

Cavity

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35
Q

Dorsal posterior aviary contains

A

Cranial cavity

Spinal cavity

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36
Q

Ventral anterior cavity contains

A

Thoracic cavity

Adominipelvic cavity

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37
Q

The thoracic cavity contains

A

Mediastinum
Pericardial cavity
Two pleural cavities

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38
Q

The pericardial cavity holds

A

The heart

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39
Q

The pleural cavity holds the

A

Lungs

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40
Q

What does the adominopelvic cavity contain

A

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

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41
Q

Largest muscle that separates the central cavities

A

Diaphragm

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42
Q

The liver and the gallbladder can be found in what quadrant

A

Right upper quadrant
Right hypochondriac or
Epigrastric regions

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43
Q

What region would you find te stomach

A

Left upper quadrant

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44
Q

What region would you find the appendix

A

Left iliac region

Left lower quadrant

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45
Q

Abdominal cavity contains what organs

A

Stomach, spleen, kidneys

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46
Q

Pelvic cavity contains what’s organs

A

reproductive organs

Urinary bladder

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47
Q

Thoracic cavity contains what organs

A

Heart and lungs

48
Q

Directional term

Closer to skin

A

Superficial

49
Q

Directional term

Furthest from skin

A

Deep

50
Q

Lying face upward

A

Supine

51
Q

Lying face downward

A

Prone

52
Q

Structural levels in the body

A 
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ system
Organism
53
Q

Building up or conversion of chemicals from injected substances

A

Anabolism

54
Q

Process of breaking down substances into simpler substances

A

Catabolism

55
Q

Phospholipid double layer membrane of the cell

A

Cell membrane

56
Q

Made up of DNA molecules that form genetic material called genes

A

Chromosomes

57
Q

Source of aerobic respiration
Produces ATP
Power house of the cell

A

Mitochondria

58
Q

Synthesizes carbs and transports proteins out of the cell

Exocytosis

A

Golgi apparatus

59
Q

Digests enzymes to breakdown biological material

A

Lysosomes

60
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

61
Q

Contains centrioles which play a part in reproduction

A

Centrosomes

62
Q

Mitosis

A

Cellular reproduction

63
Q

Egg and sperm reproduction

A

Meiosis

64
Q

Speeds up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

65
Q

Tissues
Covers and protects surfaces, cavities and lumina
A vascular w/ out blood vessels

A

Epithelial tissue

66
Q

Tissues
Supports, binds, connects other tissues.
Provides protection to organs

A

Connective tissue

67
Q

Name 4 types of connective tissue

A

Bone
Areole
Cartilage
Blood

68
Q

Tissue

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac are all

A

Muscle tissue

69
Q

Tissue

Composed of neuralgia and neurons

A

Nerve tissue

70
Q

The dynamic process through which the body maintains balance by constantly adjusting to external and internal environments

A

Homeostasis

71
Q

Occurs when the body reverses an original stimulus to regain physiologic balance.
Ex temperature, blood pressure

A

Negative feedback

72
Q

When the body enhances or intensifies an original stimulus
Ex blood clotting
Women in labor

A

Positive feedback

73
Q

Major systems involving feedback is

A

Nervous system and endocrine systems

74
Q

Fluid within cells

Helps maintains cells shape

A

Isn’t acellular fluid

75
Q

Fluid outside the cell composed of intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid

A

Tissue fluid found in between cells

76
Q

Tissue fluid found in between cells

A

Interstitial fluid

77
Q

Intravascular fluid

A

Watery fluid found in blood

Plasma

78
Q

Fluid found within epithelial lines spaces

Ex synovial fluid

A

Transcellular fluid

ECF

79
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

80
Q

Where is CSF found

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Aqueous fluid - eyes

81
Q

When there isn’t enough ECF in the body blood pressure drops. When blood pressure drops what happens

A

Hypovelemic shock

82
Q

Too much ECF can cause high blood pressure and risk for

A

Congestive heart failure

83
Q

ADH

A

Anti diuretic hormone

84
Q

In negative feedback

ADH is released an urine production is decreased and water reabsorption is increased because

A

There is an increase of sodium in the bloodstream

85
Q

In negative feedback
Controls fluid volume
When blood volume decreases this system releases aldosterone to increase water and sodium reabsorption by the kidneys to stabilize blood volume

A

RAA

System

86
Q

Negative feedback

Hearts right atrium releases

A

ANP

87
Q

An excess of water in the body

A

Over hydration

88
Q

Excess accumulation of fluid in interstitial fluid spaces

A

Edema

Endocrine disorders can cause this

89
Q

The process by which the body used oxygen to form new needed substances

A

Oxidation

90
Q

When water exerts pressure against the walls or vessels that contains it

A

Hydrostatic pressure

91
Q

What is the major intercellular electrolyte

A

Potassium K+

92
Q

What is the major extracellular electrolyte

A

Na+ sodium

93
Q

A stable balance solution

A

Isotonic solution

94
Q

When there is more water and less solvents in a solution this would be called

A

Hypotonic solution

95
Q

When there is more solvents an less water In a solution this is called a

A

Hypertonic solution

96
Q

What happens the a blood cell in a hypertonic solution

A

Cremated

97
Q

What happens to a blood cell in a hypotonic solution

A

Hemolysis

98
Q

When water moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

A

Osmosis

99
Q

Te transport of water and dissolved materials trough a membrane from an area if higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

A

Filtration

100
Q

uses a protein carrier and insulin to open the doorway to allow glucose into or out of a cell

A

Facilitated diffusion

101
Q

Requiring ATP for energy the balancing of NA+ and K+ in an out if the cell

A

Active transport

102
Q

WBC’s and microphages that engulf bacteria by

A

Phagocytosis

103
Q

Cell drinking droplets of ECF

A

Pinocytosis

104
Q

Leukocyte

A

WBC

105
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red Blood cell

RBC

106
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

107
Q

Fluid and electrolyte balance depend on

A

Osmolarity

Electro neutrality

108
Q

The balance of positive and negative ions

A

Electro neutrality

109
Q

Solutions with a lot of H+ atoms are considered

A

Acidic

110
Q

These two organs create a neutral balance of acid and base in your blood. What are they and what are they called

A

Lungs and kidneys

Buffers

111
Q

When PH is low it can cause diarrhea kerosine and kidney disorders

A

Metabolic acidosis

112
Q

When PH is high causing dehydration vomiting and endocrine disorders

A

Metabolic alkalosis

113
Q

PH 7.35-7.45

A

ECF

blood

114
Q

Double membrane

A

Serous membrane

115
Q

Membrane with an opening to the outside

Ex digestive system

A

Mucous membrane

116
Q

Closest membrane to organ

A

Visceral membrane

117
Q

Inner membrane

A

Pleura membrane

118
Q

Outer membrane

A

Parietal membrane

LPN Level 1 (19 decks)

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