A&P 16 18 Flashcards
0
Q
Point at which bones attach
Articulation
A
Joints
1
Q
The depression in which the rounded head of femur fits hip socket
A
Acetabulum
2
Q
To waste away
A
Atrophy
3
Q
A small fluid filled sac that prevents friction
A
Bursa
4
Q
The largest tarsal bone located in the heel
A
Calcaneous
5
Q
Fibrous connective tissue in joints
A
Cartilage
6
Q
The collar bone
A
Clavicle
7
Q
Tailbone
A
Coccyx
8
Q
Ability to shorten and become thicker
A
Contractility
9
Q
Shaft of long bones
A
Diaphysis
10
Q
Ends of long bones
A
Epiphysis
11
Q
Thigh bone
A
Femur
12
Q
Bone in the leg which is not weight bearing
A
Fibula
13
Q
Manner or style of walking
A
Gait
14
Q
Process of manufacturing blood cells mostly occurring in red bone marrow in the epiphysis
A
Hematopoiesis
15
Q
Single long bone found in upper arm connecting to shoulder
A
Humerous
16
Q
fibrous band connecting bone or cartilage
A
Ligament
17
Q
Protrusions where the lower ends of the tibia and fibula meet ankle bones
A
Mallelous
18
Q
Sponge like material in hollow cavities in bone
A
Red bone marrow
19
Q
Two bone that fuse to create the upper jaw bone
A
Maxilla
20
Q
The process of bone formation
A
Ossification
21
Q
A cell that is associated with bone production
A
Osteoblasts
22
Q
A cell associated in breakdown of bones to assist in reabsorption
A
Osteoclasts
23
Q
Hardened mature muscle cell
A
Osteocytes
24
Patella
Knee cap
25
The pelvic girdle
Pelvis
26
The specialized tissue outer layer that covers all bones
Periosteum
27
Opening of the pelvis
Pubic arch
28
The small bone of the forearm
Radius
29
Solid bone in the spinal column of adults that anchors the pelvis
Sacrum
30
Shoulder blade
Scapulae
31
A cavity or channel in bone
Sinus
32
Breast bone
Sternum
33
Tough cords that attach muscle to bone
Tendons
34
The chest is also known as
Thorax
35
Large bone of the forearm
Ulna
36
Large weight bearing bone of the lower leg
Tibia
37
The muscoskeletal system includes
```
Skeleton
Joints
Bursar
Ligaments
Muscles
Tendons
```
38
Name the 5 functions of the skeletal system
```
Support
Protection
Movement
Blood formation
Storage
```
39
Is the skeleton a living structure
Yes
40
Bones is filled with these deposits
Calcium deposits
41
Are the bones considered organs
Yes
42
The adult human has how many bones
206
43
What two minerals are bones made of
Calcium and phosphorous
44
Bone type
| Have an extended shape and provide body with support an shape
Long bones
45
Bone type
| Femur tibia radius etc
Long bones
46
Bone type
| Cube shaped bones that facilitate movement transfer forces
Short bones
47
```
Bone type
Metatarsals
metacarpals
Phalanges
Ankle
Wrist
```
Short bones
48
Bone type
Provides surfaces for muscle attachment
Ex: cranial, ribs, scapulae, pelvis, ilum
Flat bones
49
Bone type
Similar to short bones but have no shape for attachments an articulations
Sesamoid bones
Irregular bones
50
An irregular bone
Small and rounded
Ex: patella
Sesamoid bone
51
Two type is bone tissue are
Compact bone
| Spongy bone
52
Bone tissue type that make up the shaft of long bone and outer layer under periosteum
Compact bone
53
Cancellous bone composed of small tiny plates
Spongy bones
54
The inner layer of bone lined along endosteum composed of marrow
Medullary cavity
55
type of marrow in medullary cavity of bone consist of mostly fat
Yellow marrow
56
Marrow found in ends of long bone Vertebrae and flat bones which function is Hematopoiesis
Red bone marrow
57
Vascular network covering the outside layer of bones
Periosteum
58
Merges with ligaments and tendons and also contains blood vessels that supply O2 to osteocytes keeping them alive
Periosteum
59
The diaphysis and epiphysis do not fuse until
Adulthood
60
The space where diaphysis an epiphysis meet
Epiphyseal growth plate
61
A small plane or smooth area where vertebrae of the spinal column articulate with ribs
Facet
62
A large rounded projection usually for articulation with another bone
Ex: femur
Condyle
63
Large elevated knob like projection usually for muscle attachment
Tuberous oth
64
A small rounded knob or nodule usually for attachment for a tendon or ligament
Tubercle
65
A flat projection or area is called a
Plate
66
Any prominence or projection of bone is called
Bony process
67
The largest bony process is
The greater trochanter of the femur
68
Spongelike air space within a bone
Sinus
69
Sent trench or depression is called
Fossa
70
Name three types of joints
Synarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
71
Fibrous fixed joints
Sutural ligaments
Moveable
found in skull as sutures
Synarthrosis
72
Cartilaginous joints
Slightly moveable
Symphysis pubis
Amphiarthrosis
73
A joint in which cartilage is converted to bone by adulthood as in the coccyx bc most children's bones are made of mostly cartilage
Synchrondosis
74
Synovial joints
Freely moveable especially at ends of long bones
Contain ligaments and cartilage
Diarthrosis
75
Diarthrosis
| Finger elbow knee jaw and ankle
Hinge joints
76
Diarthrosis
| Rotation consist of rounded end of one bone that moves with a cup shaped depression
Ball and socket joints
77
Diarthrosis
| Turning like a door knob
Pivot joints
78
Diarthrosis
| Ankle and wrist joints
Gliding joints
79
Diarthrosis
Involve the oval shaped head of one bone moving within the elliptical cavity in another permitting all movements except axial rotation
Condyloid joints
80
Allow movements that can be shifted in different directions
| Opposing surfaces are concave convex
Saddle joint
81
Strong fibrous bands that holds bones together
Ligaments
82
Ligaments that do not move or stretch but strengthen or support other ligaments
Accessory ligaments
83
Soft and flexible connective tissue that helps reduce friction In joints and shock absorption
Cartilage
84
2 Divisions of the skeleton
Axial
| Appendicular
85
Contains the bones in the center axis if the body such as skull vertebral column and rib cage
Axial
86
Contains the bones of the extremities appendages and pelvic girdle
Appendicular
87
The membranous area between the infants cranial bones soft spots are called
Fontanels
88
The only moveable facial bone
Mandible
89
```
Free Bone not attached to skull
Horseshoe shaped bone
Above the larynx
Below the mandible
Attached to tongue
```
Hyoid
90
The spinal cord passes through the brain through
Vertebral formina
91
The first 7 bones in the vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
92
The second 12 bones in the vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
93
The last 5 bones in the vertebrae fused together in adults right before coccyx called
Lumbar vertebrae
| Sacrum
94
And inverterbral disc that has shifted out of position
Slipped disk
95
Occurs when pressure forced less dense tissue sideways causing protrusion in the disk walls
Ruptured disk
96
The first 7 pairs of ribs are
True ribs
97
The next five pairs are called
False ribs
98
The last two pairs of ribs
Floating ribs
99
The top portion of the sternum
Manubrium
100
The body if the sternum is the
Middle
101
Bottom portion of sternum is called
Xyphoid process
102
Shin bone
Tibia
103
3 Type of muscle tissue
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
104
Striated voluntary muscle that controls movements
Multinucleated
Produces heat and promotes venous return an is stimulates by nervous system
Skeletal muscle
105
Striated involuntary muscle found in the middle layer of heart (myocardium)
Single nucleated
Branching networks pumping blood out if heart through blood vessels
Cardiac muscle
106
```
Non striated involuntary muscle
Peristalsis
Maintains BP
Propels urine
Dilated pupils
Blood vessel contraction
```
Smooth muscle
107
Muscle fibers are made up of many thin threads of
Myofilaments
| Myofibrils
108
The contractile unit of the myofibril is the
Sarcomere
109
Major muscles of body that are partially under conscious control
Diaphragm
| Intercostal muscles
110
When muscles have the ability to shorten and become thicker
Contractility
111
When muscles have the ability to stretch
Extensibility
112
When muscles have the ability to return to normal. After stretch
Elasticity
113
Ability to respond to a stimulus nerve impulses
Irritability
114
Alopecia
Baldness
115
Yellow or re pigment contained in many foods converted to vitamin a in the body
Carotene
116
Ear wax made in ceruminal gland
cerumen
117
Lack of O2
Clubbing
118
White fibrous structural protein found in tendons cartilage skin and other connective tissues
Collagen
119
Sudoriferous glands are the
Sweat glands
120
The shedding or scaling I the skin or cuticle
Desquamation
121
The outermost layer of the skin
Epidermis
122
Perspiration
Diaphoresis
123
Fistula
Tunneling
124
Protein that is the major protein of hair nails and the epidermis and organic matrix of tooth enamel
Keratin
125
Dark pigment that may be present in a tumor
Melanin
126
Nevus
Mole
127
Oil secreting glands located close to hair follicles
Sebaceous gland
128
Oily secretions of sebaceous glands
Sebum
129
Tissue that lies below the dermis and binds to skin to the underlying muscle tissue
Subcutaneous tissue
130
Thermoregilation
Heat control
131
Skin condition. Characterized by white patches
Vitiligo
132
The body's true protector
Keratin
133
Waterproofs the skin
Keratin
134
Cell of epidermis that produces keratin
Keranocyte
135
Cells of epidermis
| Produces the pigment melanin
Melanocyte
136
Provides immune response and participates in allergy response
Langerhans
137
Promotes sensation of touch
Merkel
138
Makes up the skins thin superficial outer layer
Epidermis
139
Below epidermis thick layer which is vascular containing hair glands and nerves
Dermis
140
Subcutaneous tissue fatty layer not actually part of skin cushions supports and insulates skin single layer of fat tissue below the dermis.
Hypodermis
141
Layers within the epidermis
Strata
142
A cheesy looking covering produced by the sebaceous glands before birth
Vernix caseosa
