A&P 16 18 Flashcards

0
Q

Point at which bones attach

Articulation

A

Joints

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1
Q

The depression in which the rounded head of femur fits hip socket

A

Acetabulum

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2
Q

To waste away

A

Atrophy

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3
Q

A small fluid filled sac that prevents friction

A

Bursa

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4
Q

The largest tarsal bone located in the heel

A

Calcaneous

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5
Q

Fibrous connective tissue in joints

A

Cartilage

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6
Q

The collar bone

A

Clavicle

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7
Q

Tailbone

A

Coccyx

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8
Q

Ability to shorten and become thicker

A

Contractility

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9
Q

Shaft of long bones

A

Diaphysis

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10
Q

Ends of long bones

A

Epiphysis

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11
Q

Thigh bone

A

Femur

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12
Q

Bone in the leg which is not weight bearing

A

Fibula

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13
Q

Manner or style of walking

A

Gait

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14
Q

Process of manufacturing blood cells mostly occurring in red bone marrow in the epiphysis

A

Hematopoiesis

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15
Q

Single long bone found in upper arm connecting to shoulder

A

Humerous

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16
Q

fibrous band connecting bone or cartilage

A

Ligament

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17
Q

Protrusions where the lower ends of the tibia and fibula meet ankle bones

A

Mallelous

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18
Q

Sponge like material in hollow cavities in bone

A

Red bone marrow

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19
Q

Two bone that fuse to create the upper jaw bone

A

Maxilla

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20
Q

The process of bone formation

A

Ossification

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21
Q

A cell that is associated with bone production

A

Osteoblasts

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22
Q

A cell associated in breakdown of bones to assist in reabsorption

A

Osteoclasts

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23
Q

Hardened mature muscle cell

A

Osteocytes

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24
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap

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25
Q

The pelvic girdle

A

Pelvis

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26
Q

The specialized tissue outer layer that covers all bones

A

Periosteum

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27
Q

Opening of the pelvis

A

Pubic arch

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28
Q

The small bone of the forearm

A

Radius

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29
Q

Solid bone in the spinal column of adults that anchors the pelvis

A

Sacrum

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30
Q

Shoulder blade

A

Scapulae

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31
Q

A cavity or channel in bone

A

Sinus

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32
Q

Breast bone

A

Sternum

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33
Q

Tough cords that attach muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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34
Q

The chest is also known as

A

Thorax

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35
Q

Large bone of the forearm

A

Ulna

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36
Q

Large weight bearing bone of the lower leg

A

Tibia

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37
Q

The muscoskeletal system includes

A
Skeleton
Joints
Bursar
Ligaments
Muscles
Tendons
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38
Q

Name the 5 functions of the skeletal system

A
Support
Protection
Movement
Blood formation
Storage
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39
Q

Is the skeleton a living structure

A

Yes

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40
Q

Bones is filled with these deposits

A

Calcium deposits

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41
Q

Are the bones considered organs

A

Yes

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42
Q

The adult human has how many bones

A

206

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43
Q

What two minerals are bones made of

A

Calcium and phosphorous

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44
Q

Bone type

Have an extended shape and provide body with support an shape

A

Long bones

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45
Q

Bone type

Femur tibia radius etc

A

Long bones

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46
Q

Bone type

Cube shaped bones that facilitate movement transfer forces

A

Short bones

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47
Q
Bone type
Metatarsals
 metacarpals
Phalanges
Ankle
Wrist
A

Short bones

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48
Q

Bone type
Provides surfaces for muscle attachment
Ex: cranial, ribs, scapulae, pelvis, ilum

A

Flat bones

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49
Q

Bone type
Similar to short bones but have no shape for attachments an articulations
Sesamoid bones

A

Irregular bones

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50
Q

An irregular bone
Small and rounded
Ex: patella

A

Sesamoid bone

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51
Q

Two type is bone tissue are

A

Compact bone

Spongy bone

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52
Q

Bone tissue type that make up the shaft of long bone and outer layer under periosteum

A

Compact bone

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53
Q

Cancellous bone composed of small tiny plates

A

Spongy bones

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54
Q

The inner layer of bone lined along endosteum composed of marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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55
Q

type of marrow in medullary cavity of bone consist of mostly fat

A

Yellow marrow

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56
Q

Marrow found in ends of long bone Vertebrae and flat bones which function is Hematopoiesis

A

Red bone marrow

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57
Q

Vascular network covering the outside layer of bones

A

Periosteum

58
Q

Merges with ligaments and tendons and also contains blood vessels that supply O2 to osteocytes keeping them alive

A

Periosteum

59
Q

The diaphysis and epiphysis do not fuse until

A

Adulthood

60
Q

The space where diaphysis an epiphysis meet

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

61
Q

A small plane or smooth area where vertebrae of the spinal column articulate with ribs

A

Facet

62
Q

A large rounded projection usually for articulation with another bone
Ex: femur

A

Condyle

63
Q

Large elevated knob like projection usually for muscle attachment

A

Tuberous oth

64
Q

A small rounded knob or nodule usually for attachment for a tendon or ligament

A

Tubercle

65
Q

A flat projection or area is called a

A

Plate

66
Q

Any prominence or projection of bone is called

A

Bony process

67
Q

The largest bony process is

A

The greater trochanter of the femur

68
Q

Spongelike air space within a bone

A

Sinus

69
Q

Sent trench or depression is called

A

Fossa

70
Q

Name three types of joints

A

Synarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis

71
Q

Fibrous fixed joints
Sutural ligaments
Moveable
found in skull as sutures

A

Synarthrosis

72
Q

Cartilaginous joints
Slightly moveable
Symphysis pubis

A

Amphiarthrosis

73
Q

A joint in which cartilage is converted to bone by adulthood as in the coccyx bc most children’s bones are made of mostly cartilage

A

Synchrondosis

74
Q

Synovial joints
Freely moveable especially at ends of long bones
Contain ligaments and cartilage

A

Diarthrosis

75
Q

Diarthrosis

Finger elbow knee jaw and ankle

A

Hinge joints

76
Q

Diarthrosis

Rotation consist of rounded end of one bone that moves with a cup shaped depression

A

Ball and socket joints

77
Q

Diarthrosis

Turning like a door knob

A

Pivot joints

78
Q

Diarthrosis

Ankle and wrist joints

A

Gliding joints

79
Q

Diarthrosis
Involve the oval shaped head of one bone moving within the elliptical cavity in another permitting all movements except axial rotation

A

Condyloid joints

80
Q

Allow movements that can be shifted in different directions

Opposing surfaces are concave convex

A

Saddle joint

81
Q

Strong fibrous bands that holds bones together

A

Ligaments

82
Q

Ligaments that do not move or stretch but strengthen or support other ligaments

A

Accessory ligaments

83
Q

Soft and flexible connective tissue that helps reduce friction In joints and shock absorption

A

Cartilage

84
Q

2 Divisions of the skeleton

A

Axial

Appendicular

85
Q

Contains the bones in the center axis if the body such as skull vertebral column and rib cage

A

Axial

86
Q

Contains the bones of the extremities appendages and pelvic girdle

A

Appendicular

87
Q

The membranous area between the infants cranial bones soft spots are called

A

Fontanels

88
Q

The only moveable facial bone

A

Mandible

89
Q
Free Bone not attached to skull
Horseshoe shaped bone
Above the larynx 
Below the mandible
Attached to tongue
A

Hyoid

90
Q

The spinal cord passes through the brain through

A

Vertebral formina

91
Q

The first 7 bones in the vertebrae

A

Cervical vertebrae

92
Q

The second 12 bones in the vertebrae

A

Thoracic vertebrae

93
Q

The last 5 bones in the vertebrae fused together in adults right before coccyx called

A

Lumbar vertebrae

Sacrum

94
Q

And inverterbral disc that has shifted out of position

A

Slipped disk

95
Q

Occurs when pressure forced less dense tissue sideways causing protrusion in the disk walls

A

Ruptured disk

96
Q

The first 7 pairs of ribs are

A

True ribs

97
Q

The next five pairs are called

A

False ribs

98
Q

The last two pairs of ribs

A

Floating ribs

99
Q

The top portion of the sternum

A

Manubrium

100
Q

The body if the sternum is the

A

Middle

101
Q

Bottom portion of sternum is called

A

Xyphoid process

102
Q

Shin bone

A

Tibia

103
Q

3 Type of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

104
Q

Striated voluntary muscle that controls movements
Multinucleated
Produces heat and promotes venous return an is stimulates by nervous system

A

Skeletal muscle

105
Q

Striated involuntary muscle found in the middle layer of heart (myocardium)
Single nucleated
Branching networks pumping blood out if heart through blood vessels

A

Cardiac muscle

106
Q
Non striated involuntary muscle 
Peristalsis
Maintains BP
Propels urine 
Dilated pupils
Blood vessel contraction
A

Smooth muscle

107
Q

Muscle fibers are made up of many thin threads of

A

Myofilaments

Myofibrils

108
Q

The contractile unit of the myofibril is the

A

Sarcomere

109
Q

Major muscles of body that are partially under conscious control

A

Diaphragm

Intercostal muscles

110
Q

When muscles have the ability to shorten and become thicker

A

Contractility

111
Q

When muscles have the ability to stretch

A

Extensibility

112
Q

When muscles have the ability to return to normal. After stretch

A

Elasticity

113
Q

Ability to respond to a stimulus nerve impulses

A

Irritability

114
Q

Alopecia

A

Baldness

115
Q

Yellow or re pigment contained in many foods converted to vitamin a in the body

A

Carotene

116
Q

Ear wax made in ceruminal gland

A

cerumen

117
Q

Lack of O2

A

Clubbing

118
Q

White fibrous structural protein found in tendons cartilage skin and other connective tissues

A

Collagen

119
Q

Sudoriferous glands are the

A

Sweat glands

120
Q

The shedding or scaling I the skin or cuticle

A

Desquamation

121
Q

The outermost layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

122
Q

Perspiration

A

Diaphoresis

123
Q

Fistula

A

Tunneling

124
Q

Protein that is the major protein of hair nails and the epidermis and organic matrix of tooth enamel

A

Keratin

125
Q

Dark pigment that may be present in a tumor

A

Melanin

126
Q

Nevus

A

Mole

127
Q

Oil secreting glands located close to hair follicles

A

Sebaceous gland

128
Q

Oily secretions of sebaceous glands

A

Sebum

129
Q

Tissue that lies below the dermis and binds to skin to the underlying muscle tissue

A

Subcutaneous tissue

130
Q

Thermoregilation

A

Heat control

131
Q

Skin condition. Characterized by white patches

A

Vitiligo

132
Q

The body’s true protector

A

Keratin

133
Q

Waterproofs the skin

A

Keratin

134
Q

Cell of epidermis that produces keratin

A

Keranocyte

135
Q

Cells of epidermis

Produces the pigment melanin

A

Melanocyte

136
Q

Provides immune response and participates in allergy response

A

Langerhans

137
Q

Promotes sensation of touch

A

Merkel

138
Q

Makes up the skins thin superficial outer layer

A

Epidermis

139
Q

Below epidermis thick layer which is vascular containing hair glands and nerves

A

Dermis

140
Q

Subcutaneous tissue fatty layer not actually part of skin cushions supports and insulates skin single layer of fat tissue below the dermis.

A

Hypodermis

141
Q

Layers within the epidermis

A

Strata

142
Q

A cheesy looking covering produced by the sebaceous glands before birth

A

Vernix caseosa