Nutrition Flashcards
Docosahexaeonic acid is essential for growing animals due to its role in _____ and _____ development
Retinal and neuronal
Dogs cannot synthesize which vitamin?
D
Name the 4 fuels for exercice (in order)
1) creatine phosphate
2) glycolysis
3) beta-oxidation of fat
4) amino acid (through gluconeogenesis)
Which vitamins are essential in cats?
D, A and niacin
What are the 4 roles of leptin?
1) suppress appetite
2) angiogenesis
3) proinflammation (IL-6)
4) inhibit adiponectin
Which 2 hormones, synthesize by L- cells, results in decreased appetite?
CCK and glucagon like peptide
What is the primary metabolic fuel source of the GI epithelium ?
Glutamine
Why does dietary fat can cause pancreatitis?
1) Increases TLR-4 which will cause the release of COX-2 and NF-KB
What are the 2 trace element necessary for thyroid function?
Iodine
Selenium
The triglycerides has to be emulsified and hydrolyzed into which component to be absorbed ?
Fatty acids and monoacylglycerides
What are the five system that can be affected by hypertriglyceridemia?
Neurological Ophthalmic Renal GI Dermatologic
Describe the vitamin D pathway
1) absorbed in the SI by bile salt dependent passive diffusion
2) transported into the liver
3) hydroxylated into 25-hydroxy…
4) second hydroxylation in the kidneys
What fuel does leukocytes use and which vitamins are required for their optimal response ?
Glucose and glutamine
A and D
What is the final product of digestion of carbohydrates?
Glucose
What are the 2 methods of glucose transportation?
1- Facilitated diffusion ( membrane glucose carrier protein- enhance by insulin)
2- Active sodium-glucose co transport in GI and kidneys
How and where is the glucose store?
In the form of glycogen in liver and muscles
What are the two stimulus for glycogenolysis ?
Epinephrine
Glucagon
What are the two substrate that reacts together to form lactic acid (anaerobic)
Pyruvic acid and NADH
What is the second most important mechanism of oxidation of glucose ?
Pentose pyruvate pathway
Store excess glucose into fat
What is the formation of carbohydrate from fat and protein called?
Gluconeogenesis
Where does gluconeogenesis takes place?
Liver and kidneys
Which lipoprotein has the highest concentration of TG?
VLDL
Which nutrient is degradated into acetyl coA? Via which transportation factor?
Fatty acids
Carnitin
Acetyl coA can condense to form what?
Acetoacetic acid
