Literature Section Flashcards

1
Q

Le Sueur et al. JVIM 2019. SDMA concentrations in dogs with IRIS 4 CKD undergoing IHD.

What was the effect of intermittent hemodialysis on serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in dogs with IRIS IV CKD?

A

For every 0.1 increase in urea reduction ratio, investigators saw a 6.2 ug/dL decrease in serum SDMA

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2
Q

Le Sueur et al. JVIM 2019. SDMA concentrations in dogs with IRIS 4 CKD undergoing IHD.

In dogs with IRIS IV CKD undergoing intermittent hemodialysis, what was the percentage rebound in serum SDMA in the inter-dialytic period?

A

25% rebound between sessions every 48 hours

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3
Q

Le Sueur et al. JVIM 2019. SDMA concentrations in dogs with IRIS 4 CKD undergoing IHD.

What is the origin of symmetric dimethylarginine in the body?

A

Within the cell nucleus, L-arginine is methylated by protein-arginine methyltransferase enzymes –> symmetric & asymmetric dimethylarginine

SDMA then released across cell membrane into circulation

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4
Q

Le Sueur et al. JVIM 2019. SDMA concentrations in dogs with IRIS 4 CKD undergoing IHD.

What percentage GFR decrease is detected by an increase in serum creatinine? Serum SDMA?

A

Creatinine: 75% GFR loss

SDMA: 40% GFR loss (or as little as 20% depending on study)

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5
Q

Bradley et al. JVIM 2019. Predicting early risk of CKD in cats using routine laboratory tests and machine learning.

What were the sensitivity and specificity of a machine-learning based, predictive model for the development of CKD in cats 1 year prior to CKD diagnosis?

2 years prior?

A

1 year: Sensitivity 63%; Specificity 99%

2 years: Sensitivity 44%; Specificity 99%

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6
Q

Bradley et al. JVIM 2019. Predicting early risk of CKD in cats using routine laboratory tests and machine learning.

Recently, a predictive model for the development of CKD in cats was developed using routing laboratory tests. What parameters were ultimately included in the predictive model?

A

BUN, creatinine, age, USG

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7
Q

Sargent et al. JVIM 2019. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in geriatric cats.

What correlation relationships exist between plasma FGF23 and SDMA, FGF23 and creatinine, and FGF23 and phosphate in non-azotemic geriatric cats?

A

FGF23 & SDMA: weak positive correlation (r = 0.353)

FGF23 & creatinine: moderate positive (r = 0.525)

FGF23 & phosphate: no correlation

Cats with high SDMA had higher FGF23 levels

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8
Q

Jambhekar et al. JVIM 2019. REVIEW: Systematic review & meta-analyses of the association between 4 mycoplasma species & lower respiratory tract disease in dogs.

In a recent meta-analysis evaluating the association of Mycoplasma spp. with clinical lower respiratory tract disease in dogs, what species were suspected to be primary pathogens?

A
  • M. cynos* suspected to be a primary pathogen (sialidase & hemagluttinin HapA virulence factors)
  • M. spumans* role unclear
  • M. canis, M. edwardii* suspected to be commensal
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9
Q

Jambhekar et al. JVIM 2019. REVIEW: Systematic review & meta-analyses of the association between 4 mycoplasma species & lower respiratory tract disease in dogs.

In a recent meta-analysis evaluating the role of Mycoplasma spp in clinical lower respiratory disease in dogs, what recommendation was made for testing of samples from the lower respiratory tract?

A

Perform species-specific PCR for M. cynos

Avoid nonspecific Mycoplasma species primers as they may amplify commensals

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10
Q

Jambhekar et al. JVIM 2019. REVIEW: Systematic review & meta-analyses of the association between 4 mycoplasma species & lower respiratory tract disease in dogs.

What Mycoplasma species was associated with development of clinical upper respiratory disease in non-shelter cats?

A

Mycoplasma felis

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11
Q

Slovak et al. JVIM 2019. Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its effect on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil to healthy cats.

What is the mechanism of action of mycophenolate mofetil?

A

Mycophenolate mofetil is de-esterified by tissues into mycophenolic acid

Mycophenolic acid –> inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

Causes inhibition of guanosine synthesis (purine)

Inhibition of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, antibody production, adhesion of glycoproteins to endothelial cells

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12
Q

Slovak et al. JVIM 2019. Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its effect on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil to healthy cats.

In a recent study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of oral mycophenolate mofetil in cats, what metabolic steps were documented to occur?

A

Tissue de-esterification into mycophenolic acid

Hepatic biotransformation to MPA phenol glucoside & phenol glucuronide

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13
Q

Slovak et al. JVIM 2019. Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its effect on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil to healthy cats.

In a recent study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of oral mycophenolate mofetil in cats, what doses were tolerated?

What adverse effects occurred?

A

10 mg/kg BID tolerated by all cats

15 mg/kg BID –> 1/4 cats developed self-limiting diarrhea & anorexia

15 mg/kg TID –> 4/4 cats developed diarrhea & anorexia, none completed study

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14
Q

Slovak et al. JVIM 2019. Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its effect on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil to healthy cats.

In a recent study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of oral mycophenolate mofetil in cats, what effects on hematologic parameters were noted?

A

No effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cell counts

No effect on CD4/CD8 ratio

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15
Q

McBride et al. JVIM 2019. Primary hemostatic function in dogs with acute kidney injury.

What hematologic differences were identified between dogs with IRIS III AKI or greater compared to healthy controls?

A

Dogs with AKI had higher platelet count, lower hematocrit

Platelets: AKI 350, controls 241

HCT: AKI 34.7%, controls 46.1%

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16
Q

McBride et al. JVIM 2019. Primary hemostatic function in dogs with acute kidney injury.

What functional primary hemostatic differences were noted in dogs with grade III AKI or greater compared to healthy controls?

A

Decreased collagen-induced platelet aggregation

Decreased von Willbrand factor - collagen binding

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17
Q

McBride et al. JVIM 2019. Primary hemostatic function in dogs with acute kidney injury.

What are the classifications of von Willebrand’s disease?

A

Type I: partial vWF deficiency

Type II: qualitative vWF defect

Type III: complete absence of vWF

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18
Q

Guidetti et al. JVIM 2019. Alloimmunization of a dog erythrocyte antigen 1 negative dog transfused with weakly dog erythrocyte antigen 1 positive blood.

Was weakly DEA1+ canine blood able to induce alloantibody production when transfused to a DEA1- dog?

What strength of incompatibility occurred & for how long?

A

Yes

Strong crossmatch incompatibilities with DEA1+ blood

Weak-moderate crossmatch incompatibilities with DEA1- blood

Incompatibilities persisted for more than 4.5 years

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19
Q

Oh et al. JVIM 2019. Circulating neurohormone imbalances in canine sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.

What neurohormonal differences were noted in dogs with SARDS compared to dogs with PDH and normal dogs?

A

Dogs with PDH had higher urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin:uCr compared to dogs with SARDS

No differences in serum melatonin, serotonin, dopamine

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20
Q

Schofield et al. JVIM 2019. Development of a health-related quality of life tool for dogs with Cushing’s syndrome.

Using a Cushing’s-specific quality of life score, what factors significantly impacted quality of life for dogs with Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Treatment with trilostane improved quality of life for dogs with Cushing’s

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21
Q

Guglielmini et al. JVIM 2019. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in dogs with hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine supplementation: A prospective controlled study.

What was the utility of the echocardiographic myocardial performance index in identifying cardiac changes associated with hypothyroidism in dogs?

A

MPI could not identify cardiac changes associated with hypothyroidism in dogs

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22
Q

Guglielmini et al. JVIM 2019. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in dogs with hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine supplementation: A prospective controlled study.

What cardiac changes were noted in hypothyroid dogs vs. healthy controls on physical exam? ECG? Echo?

A

Physical examination: decreased heart rate (most not bradycardic)

ECG: decreased p- and R-wave amplitude

Echo: decreased EPSSn, decreased trans-mitral E wave velocity

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23
Q

Guglielmini et al. JVIM 2019. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in dogs with hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine supplementation: A prospective controlled study.

What cardiac changes were noted in hypothyroid dogs after supplementation with levothyroxine?

A

Increased: heart rate, p-wave amplitude, trans-mitral E wave velocity, fractional shortening

Decreased: EPSSn, LV end-diastolic volume, normalized systolic LV diameter

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24
Q

Hodgson et al. JVIM 2019. Development and validation of a multivariate predictive model to estimate serum ionized calcium from serum biochemical profile results in cats.

What were the sensitivity and specificity for detecting hypercalcemia of a predictive model for calculating ionized calcium from total calcium & other biochemical/signalment parameters in cats?

A

Sensitivity: 42.5%

Specificity: 97%

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25
Q

Hodgson et al. JVIM 2019. Development and validation of a multivariate predictive model to estimate serum ionized calcium from serum biochemical profile results in cats.

What were the sensitivity and specificity for detecting hypocalcemia of a predictive model for calculating ionized calcium from total calcium & other biochemical/signalment parameters in cats?

A

Sensitivity: 0%

Specificity: 99.6%

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26
Q

Nathanson et al. JVIM 2019. Esophagostomy tube complications in dogs and cats: Retrospective review of 225 cases.

What was the complication rate in dogs and cats after E-tube placement?

A

Dogs: 43%

Cats: 45.5%

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27
Q

Nathanson et al. JVIM 2019. Esophagostomy tube complications in dogs and cats: Retrospective review of 225 cases.

What was the infection rate in dogs and cats after E-tube placement?

A

Dogs: 13.7%

Cats: 17.8%

23% of cats and 36% of dogs with infections required surgical debridement

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28
Q

Schmitz et al. JVIM 2019. Diagnostic features, treatment, outcome of dogs with inflamamtory protein-losing enteropathy.

What factors were associated with outcome (survival, time to normalization of albumin) in dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy?

A

No factors associated with outcome.

Included:

  • Whether 2nd agent was used vs. glucocorticoids alone
  • Any clinicopathologic parameters, including albumin, cobalamin
  • AUS findings
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29
Q

Schmitz et al. JVIM 2019. Diagnostic features, treatment, outcome of dogs with inflamamtory protein-losing enteropathy.

What histopathologic changes were present in the GI tract of dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy?

A

Stomach: lymphoplasmacytic inflammation

SI: lymphoplasmacytic plus eosinophilic inflamamtion most common; then chronic active (LP + neutrophilic)

Colon: lymphoplasmacytic inflammation

Crypt abscessation (55%), villous blunting (45%), lacteal dilation (32%) common

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30
Q

Schmitz et al. JVIM 2019. Diagnostic features, treatment, outcome of dogs with inflamamtory protein-losing enteropathy.

What ultrasound findings are supportive of protein-losing enteropathy? Sensitivity and specificity?

A

Mucosal hyperechoic speckling and vertical striations

Sensitivity: 75%

Specificity: 96%

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31
Q

Wennogle et al. Comparison of clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic variables in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and low or normal serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations.

In dogs with CIE, what clinical and clinicopathologic differences were identified between dogs with low 25-OHD vs. dogs with normal 25-OHD?

A

Dogs with low 25-OHD had higher severity scores (CCECAI) & higher CRP, lower vitamin E, cholesterol, albumin

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32
Q

Wennogle et al. Comparison of clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic variables in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and low or normal serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations.

In dogs with CIE, how did serum 25-OHD correlate with histopathologic findings?

A

Moderate negative correlation b/w 25-OHD and duodenal morphologic scores (villous blunting, crypt dilation, epithelial injury, lacteal dilation, mucosal fibrosis)

Moderate negative correlation b/w 25-OHD and duodenal inflammation scores

Moderate negative correlation with total histopath score in duodenum, combined duodenum and ileum

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33
Q

Wennogle et al. Comparison of clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic variables in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and low or normal serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations.

In dogs with CIE, is loss of vitamin D binding protein a significant factor in the development of low 25-OHD?

A

No; no difference in VDBP b/w CIE dogs with low vs. normal 25-OHD

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34
Q

Phillips et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical findings, diagnostic test results, and treatment outcome in cats with hiatal hernia: 31 cases (1995-2018)

What were the most common clinical signs associated with hiatal hernia in cats? What percent had regurgitation?

A

Weight loss, vomiting, anorexia most common

Only 10% had regurgitation as a clinical sign

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35
Q

Phillips et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical findings, diagnostic test results, and treatment outcome in cats with hiatal hernia: 31 cases (1995-2018)

Is type I hiatal hernia more likely congenital or acquired in cats?

Why?

How does this differ from dogs?

A

More likely acquired

  • 65% of cats were > 3 y old at diagnosis
  • 29% had upper airway obstruction –> possible cause

Dogs: 75% of sliding hiatal hernias congenital

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36
Q

Phillips et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical findings, diagnostic test results, and treatment outcome in cats with hiatal hernia: 31 cases (1995-2018)

What are the classifications of hiatal hernia? Which type is most common in cats?

A

Type I: sliding

Type II: Paraesophageal (cranial stomach “flips” up alongside esophagus)

Type III: displacement of LES and fundus into thorax

Type IV: liver, stomach, SI herniate into thorax

Type I present in 85.7% of cats

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37
Q

Phillips et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical findings, diagnostic test results, and treatment outcome in cats with hiatal hernia: 31 cases (1995-2018)

How many cats with hiatal hernia were diagnosed via plain radiographs? Videofluoroscopic swallow study? CT?

A

TXR: 38%

VFSS: 100%

CT: 100%

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38
Q

Whittemore et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from aspirin, prednisone, or combination treatment in healthy research dogs: A double-blind randomized trial.

What was the effect of prednisone (2 mg/kg), aspirin (2 mg/kg), or combination on the odds of developing gastric mucosal erosions/ulcerations in healthy research dogs?

A

Prednisone: 11x higher odds of developing mucosal lesion score > 4

Pred + aspirin: 31.5x higher odds of developing mucosal lesion score > 4

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39
Q

Whittemore et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from aspirin, prednisone, or combination treatment in healthy research dogs: A double-blind randomized trial.

What was the effect of prednisone (2 mg/kg), aspirin (2 mg/kg), or combination on clinicopathologic results and clinical signs in healthy research dogs?

A

Pred & pred + aspirin groups: increased ALP, UPC, BUN/creatinine

No effect on clinical signs (even dogs with severe endoscopic lesions did not show clinical signs of GI hemorrhage)

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40
Q

Whittemore et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from aspirin, prednisone, or combination treatment in healthy research dogs: A double-blind randomized trial.

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

A

Irreversible acetylation of COX active site on platelets and megakaryocytes –> decreased thromboxane production & decreased aggregation

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41
Q

Mabry et al. JVIM 2019. Use of video capsule endoscopy to identify gastrointestinal lesions in dogs with microcytosis or GI hemorrhage.

What percentage of dogs with microcytosis, low MCV, or clinical GI bleeding had gastric lesions identified via capsule endoscopy? Intestinal lesions?

A

Gastric lesions: 14/16 (87.5%)

SI lesions: 12/14 (85.7%)

2 capsules failed to leave the stomach (13%)

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42
Q

Hedges et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of the effect of a famotidine CRI on intragastric pH in healthy dogs.

Was administration of famotidine as a bolus (1 mg/kg IV q 12h) or CRI (1 mg/kg load + 8 mg/kg/d) superior at maintaining an intragastric pH > 3 in healthy dogs?

A

CRI administration was superior

Mean % time pH > 3 for CRI: Day 1 –> 92.1%, Day 2 –> 96.3%, Day 3 –> 90%

For bolus: Day 1 –> 49.3%, Day 2 –> 42.2%, Day 3 –> 45.8%

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43
Q

Grobman et al. JVIM 2019. Videofluoroscopic swallow study features of lower esophageal achalasia like syndrome in dogs.

What is the proposed classification system for lower esophageal achalasia like syndrome in dogs?

A

Type I: megaesophagus with acontractile primary & absent secondary peristalsis

Type II: hypomotile primary peristalsis w/ or w/o megaesophagus

Type III: spastic or hypermotile distal esophagus against closed LES, w/ or w/o megaesophagus

Pseudo: mechanical obstruction

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44
Q

Whittemore et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from aspirin, prednisone, or combination treatment in healthy research dogs: A double-blind randomized trial.

What VFSS findings were present in dogs with LES-AS but not in healthy controls?

A

Baseline esophageal fluid line (68%)

Bird beak sign (63%)

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45
Q

Grobman et al. JVIM 2019. Videofluoroscopic swallow study features of lower esophageal achalasia like syndrome in dogs.

What percentage of dogs with generalized megaesophagus had VFSS findings consistent with LES-AS?

A

61% of dogs with megaesophagus

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46
Q

Grobman et al. JVIM 2019. Videofluoroscopic swallow study features of lower esophageal achalasia like syndrome in dogs.

What percentage of dogs with VFSS findings consistent with LES-AS had generalized megaesophagus?

A

74% of dogs with LES-AS had megaesophagus

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47
Q

Jenson, Bjornvad. JVIM 2019. REVIEW: Clinical effect of probiotics in prevention or treatment of GI disease in dogs: A systematic review.

What evidence is there for the use of probiotics in acute GI disease in dogs?

A

Available studies not robust enough to make valid claim

Overall effects appear clinically unimportant

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48
Q

Jenson, Bjornvad. JVIM 2019. REVIEW: Clinical effect of probiotics in prevention or treatment of GI disease in dogs: A systematic review.

What evidence is there for the use of probiotics in chronic GI disease in dogs?

A

Meta-analysis underpowered, but no effect for most probiotics

Dietary intervention most important

VSL#3 achieved remission as a single treatment in dogs with IBD, but not as quickly as pred/metronidazole combo

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49
Q

Jenson, Bjornvad. JVIM 2019. REVIEW: Clinical effect of probiotics in prevention or treatment of GI disease in dogs: A systematic review.

What was the effect of probiotic administration on hospitalized puppies with parvoviral infections?

A

No effect on length of hospitalization or case fatality

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50
Q

Jenson, Bjornvad. JVIM 2019. REVIEW: Clinical effect of probiotics in prevention or treatment of GI disease in dogs: A systematic review.

What 6 bacterial strains have been evaluated for safety and efficacy as probiotics by the European Food Safety Administration?

A
  • Enterococcus faecium* 1705 & 1707
  • Lactobacillus acidophilus* 25 and D2/CSL
  • Bifidobacterium animalis*
  • Bacillus subtilis*
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51
Q

Manchester et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term impact of tylosin on the fecal microbiota and fecal bile acids of healthy dogs.

Class, antimicrobial spectrum, mechanism of action of tylosin?

A
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52
Q

Manchester et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term impact of tylosin on the fecal microbiota and fecal bile acids of healthy dogs.

What was the effect of 7 days of tylosin administration (20 mg/kg PO BID) on diversity indices in the GI microbiota of healthy dogs?

A

Day 7: decreased bacterial diversity (alpha & beta; Chao1, Shannon, observed spp)

Variable return to normal diversity within two months

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53
Q

Manchester et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term impact of tylosin on the fecal microbiota and fecal bile acids of healthy dogs

What bacterial species increased, and what bacterial families decreased in the GI microbiome after 7 days of tylosin administration (20 mg/kg PO BID) to healthy dogs?

A

Increased: Enterococcaceae, Peptosptreptococcaceae

Decreased: Veilonellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae

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54
Q

Manchester et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term impact of tylosin on the fecal microbiota and fecal bile acids of healthy dogs

What was the effect of 7 days of tylosin (20 mg/kg PO BID) on primary and secondary unconjugated bile acids in the GI tract of healthy dogs?

A

Absolute increase in primary bile acids on days 7 and 63

Relative increase (>10% primary BA) at day 21

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55
Q

Manchester et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term impact of tylosin on the fecal microbiota and fecal bile acids of healthy dogs

Describe the physiology and significance of GI primary vs. secondary bile acids

A

Primary bile acids synthesized by liver, conjugated to taurine, glycine & excreted into GI thru bile

Secondary bile acids formed from conversion of primary bile acids via 7-alpha-dehydroxylation by Clostridial spp.

In healthy humans, secondary bile acids predominate in the feces

Increase in primary bile acids –> dysbiosis

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56
Q

Manchester et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term impact of tylosin on the fecal microbiota and fecal bile acids of healthy dogs

Describe the difference between alpha and beta diversity? Richness and evenness?

Which experimental indices measure richness vs. evenness?

A

Alpha diversity: within-subject diversity

Beta diversity: between-subject diversity

Richness: how many different categories are there within the subject (Chao1)

Evenness: how similar are the amounts within the different categories (Shannon)

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57
Q

Whittemore et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from administration of clopidogrel, prednisone, or combination in healthy dogs: A double‐blind randomized trial.

Mechanism of action of clopidogrel?

A

Irreversible binding to the P2Y12 platelet receptor, preventing formation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex –> inhibition of aggregation

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58
Q

Whittemore et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from administration of clopidogrel, prednisone, or combination in healthy dogs: A double‐blind randomized trial.

What was the effect of 28 days of prednisone (2 mg/kg SID), clopidogrel (2-3 mg/kg SID), and combination on endoscopic mucosal lesion scores in healthy research dogs?

A

Groups receiving prednisone had a 7x higher odds of having a mucosal lesion score > 4

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59
Q

Whittemore et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from administration of clopidogrel, prednisone, or combination in healthy dogs: A double‐blind randomized trial.

What was the effect of 28 days of prednisone (2 mg/kg PO SID), clopidogrel (2-3 mg/kg PO SID) and combination on clinicopathologic data in healthy research dogs?

A

Pred-receiving groups had increases in ALP, GGT, lipase, BUN:creatinine & UPC over time

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60
Q

Serrano et al. JVIM 2019. REVIEW: Treatment of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

What is the percentage range of expected perioperative survival (> 1 week) after surgical intervention of any kind for congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt?

Clinical success (no signs beyond occasional diarrhea/lethargy)?

Surgical success (shunt closure w/o APSS formation)?

A

Perioperative survival: 83% (coil) to 97% (thin-film)

Clinical success: 81% (partial ligation) to 100% (coil or amplatzer)

Surgical: 58% (thin-film) to 82% (ameroid)

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61
Q

Serrano et al. JVIM 2019. REVIEW: Treatment of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

What surgical intervention option had a significant benefit in surgical outcome?

A

Ameroid constrictor had increased odds of successful surgical outcome vs. thin-film band

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62
Q

Lucena et al. JVIM 2019. Effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 on liver function in healthy dogs.

What was the effect of 14 days of E. faecium SF68 on liver values in healthy dogs?

A

No effect on ALT, ALP

Did not evaluate other liver parameters, pseudofunction tests, bile acids, ammonia

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63
Q

Lucena et al. JVIM 2019. Effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 on liver function in healthy dogs.

What was the effect of 14 days of E. faecium SF68 on serum lipids in healthy dogs?

A

Significant decrease in cholesterol at day 28 (14 d after discontinued)

Progressive increases in triglycerides which became significant on day 28

One dog became hypertriglyceridemic

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64
Q

Ullal et al. JVIM 2019. Retrospective evaluation of cyclosporine in the treatment of presumed idiopathic chronic hepatitis in dogs.

What percentage of dogs attained remission when treated with cyclosporine +/- other medications?

What was the median time to remission?

A

79% of dogs achieved remission

Median time to remission was 2.5 months (range: 0.75-18 months)

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65
Q

Ullal et al. JVIM 2019. Retrospective evaluation of cyclosporine in the treatment of presumed idiopathic chronic hepatitis in dogs.

What factors, if any, were associated with likelihood of remission & time to remission?

A

No evaluated factors associated with likelihood/time to remission

Evaluated: - use of hepatoprotectants

  • hyperbilirubinemia
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • dose/duration of cyclosporine
  • ascites
  • prolonged coagulation times
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66
Q

Ullal et al. JVIM 2019. Retrospective evaluation of cyclosporine in the treatment of presumed idiopathic chronic hepatitis in dogs.

What adverse effects were noted associated with cyclosporine use in dogs with presumed ICH?

A

GI upset in 38%

Gingival hyperplasia in 25%

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67
Q

Ineson et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical and laboratory findings and survival time associated with cardiac cachexia in dogs with congestive heart failure.

What was the prevalence of cachexia in dogs with CHF as assessed by muscle loss on physical exam?

Prevalence as assessed by weight loss > 5% in 12 months?

A

Muscle loss: 48.3%

Weight loss: 42.1%

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68
Q

Ineson et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical and laboratory findings and survival time associated with cardiac cachexia in dogs with congestive heart failure.

What clinical and laboratory factors were associated with shorter survival in dogs with CHF?

A

Cachexia

Being over- or under-weight

Azotemia

Clinically important tachyarrhythmias

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69
Q

Ineson et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical and laboratory findings and survival time associated with cardiac cachexia in dogs with congestive heart failure.

What clinical and laboratory factors were more likely in dogs with CHF and cachexia vs. dogs with CHF that were not cachectic?

A

Lower albumin

Older

Arrhythmias

Lower BCS

Higher chloride

Lower hematocrit

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70
Q

Loughran et al. JVIM 2019. The use of focused cardiac ultrasound to screen for occult heart disease in asymptomatic cats.

What was a non-specialist practitioner’s ability to detect mild occult heart disease in non-clinical cats using focused cardiac ultrasound? Moderate and severe disease?

A

Mild: 45.6%

Moderate: 93.1%

Severe: 100%

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71
Q

King et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of benazepril in cats with heart disease in a prospecitve, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

What benefit did benazepril (0.5-1 mg/kg PO SID) provide in cats with heart disease compared to placebo?

A

No significant difference over time

Parameters assessed: LA diameter, LV wall thickness, time to heart-related treatment failure

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72
Q

King et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of benazepril in cats with heart disease in a prospecitve, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

What adverse effects were associated with benazepril (0.5-1 mg/kg PO SID) in cats with heart disease compared to placebo?

A

No significant difference in adverse effects, QOL scores, or CPC parameters compared to placebo

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73
Q

Fox et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term incidence and risk of non-cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in apparently healthy cats and cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

What effect does preclinical HCM have on survival time, non-cardiac mortality, cardiac mortality, and all-cause mortality in cats?

A

Decreased median survival time

Increased cardiac & all-cause mortality

No effect on non-cardiac mortality

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74
Q

Fox et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term incidence and risk of non-cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in apparently healthy cats and cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

What were the two most common causes of non-cardiac mortality in apparently healthy cats and cats with preclinical HCM?

A

CKD

Neoplasia

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75
Q

Engel et al. JVIM 2019. Effectiveness of imepitoin fo the control of anxiety and fear associated with noise phobia in dogs.

Did it work?

A

Yes; owners 4.7x more likely to say it had an excellent overall treatment effect than placebo

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76
Q

Vansteenkiste et al. JVIM 2019. MicroRNA expression in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy.

Was there a difference in the miRNA profile of CSF of Great Danes affected by osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy vs. healthy Great Danes?

A

Yes - 8 miRNAs differed

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77
Q

Mari et al. JVIM 2019. Predictors of urinary and fecal incontinence in dogs with thoracolumbar acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion.

Risk factors for development of urinary and fecal incontinence after ANCNPE?

Just fecal incontinence?

A

Urinary and fecal: >40% of the spinal cord affected on T2 weighted MRI, paraplegia

Just fecal: withholding NSAIDs, spinal shock signs

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78
Q

Mari et al. JVIM 2019. Predictors of urinary and fecal incontinence in dogs with thoracolumbar acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion.

Prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence after ANCNPE?

A

Urinary: 9.1%

Fecal: 23.5%

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79
Q

Mariani et al. JVIM 2019. CSF lactate in dogs with inflammatory CNS disorders.

What are normal cell counts and protein levels for CSF in cats and dogs?

A

Cats: TNCC < 8/uL

Dogs: TNCC < 5/uL

Protein: 25-30 mg/dL (up to 45 if lumbar tap)

Cytology: small #s of small lymphocytes & large mononuclear cells

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80
Q

Mariani et al. JVIM 2019. CSF lactate in dogs with inflammatory CNS disorders.

What was the prevalence and association with survival of high CSF lactate in dogs?

A

Prevalence: 47% of dogs with inflammatory CNS disorders had high CSF lactate

  • couldn’t differentiate between different types of disease

No association with survival

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81
Q

Charalambous et al. JVIM 2019. Comparison of intranasal versus intravenous midazolam for management of status epilepticus in dogs: A multi‐center randomized parallel group clinical study.

Taking into account medication preparation and IV catheter placement, was administration of 0.2 mg/kg midazolam faster at ending status epilepticus when administered intranasally or IV?

A

Intranasally (100 s vs. 270 s)

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82
Q

Perez-Lopez et al. JVIM 2019. Assessment of the association between diabetes mellitus and CKD in cats.

What association exists between diabetes mellitus and diagnosis of CKD in cats?

What other factors were associated with CKD diagnosis?

A

OR of 4.47 for cat with DM to have CKD

Other factors: age, mixed breed

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83
Q

Cai et al. JVIM 2019. Heritability and complex segregation analysis of diabetes mellitus in Alaskan Eskimo dogs.

What was the heritability and mode of inheritence of DM in AED?

A

Heritability 0.62

Polygenic

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84
Q

Hunprasit et al. JVIM 2019. Epidemiologic evaluation of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs in the United States: 2010-2015.

Other than breed, what risk factors were identified for CaOx stone formation?

A

Age, being male, neutered status

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85
Q

Hunprasit et al. JVIM 2019. Epidemiologic evaluation of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs in the United States: 2010-2015.

What management recommendation was made based on the results?

A

Screening in high-risk breeds with annual radiographs starting at 5-6 years

Screening Pomeranians, Yorkies, Brussels even earlier

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86
Q

Hunprasit et al. JVIM 2019. Epidemiologic evaluation of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs in the United States: 2010-2015.

What three new high-risk breeds were identified?

What characteristic was shared among high risk breeds? Low risk?

A

All high risk breeds were small breed dogs

Japanese Chin, Brussels Griffon, Miniature Pinscher

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87
Q

Borys et al. JVIM 2019. Differences in clinicopathologic variables between Borrelia C6 antigen seroreactive and Borrelia C6 seronegative glomerulopathy in dogs.

What breed was overrepresented for developing PLN after infection with Borrelia?

A

Retrievers (Labrador, Golden)

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88
Q

Borys et al. JVIM 2019. Differences in clinicopathologic variables between Borrelia C6 antigen seroreactive and Borrelia C6 seronegative glomerulopathy in dogs.

What clinicopathologic differences were found between C6 seroreactive and seronegative dogs with PLN?

A

Seroreactive more likely to have thrombocytopenia, anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, neutrophilia

Seroreactive more likely to have active urine sediment (pyuria, hematuria) and glucosuria without positive urine culture

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89
Q

Borys et al. JVIM 2019. Differences in clinicopathologic variables between Borrelia C6 antigen seroreactive and Borrelia C6 seronegative glomerulopathy in dogs.

What is the C6 antigen and why is it used to detect infection with Borrelia?

How does C6 antigen positivity behave with treatment of Borrelia?

A

C6 antigen is a portion of the VslE surface protein on the Borrelia organism

Only expressed within the host during active infection

BUT qualitative tests will remain positive even after treatment/resolution, sometimes for years

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90
Q

Nivy et al. JVIM 2019. A prospective randomized study of 2 treatment protocols in preventing recurrence of clinical signs in 51 male cats with obstructive idiopathic cystitis.

What was the effect of adding meloxicam to a treatment protocol for FIC with UO in male cats (alprazolam + phenoxybenzamine) on recurrence of UO within 6 months?

A

No effect

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91
Q

Nivy et al. JVIM 2019. A prospective randomized study of 2 treatment protocols in preventing recurrence of clinical signs in 51 male cats with obstructive idiopathic cystitis.

What percentage of male cats with FIC that develop urinary obstruction will re-obstruct within 6 months?

What percentage will develop recurrent FIC signs with or without obstruction?

A

16% reobstruct

24% developed recurrent FIC signs

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92
Q

Chik et al. JVIM 2019. Therapeutic use of tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution for treatment of subcutaneous ureteral bypass device mineralization in cats.

What was the effect of infusion of 1-2 ml 2% tEDTA solution into mineralized & obstructed SUB systems in cats?

A

All cats had resolution of obstruction

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93
Q

Rudinsky et al. JVIM 2019. Variability of first morning USG in 103 healthy dogs.

What was the mean difference between min and max USG over two weeks in first morning USG in healthy dogs?

What was the coefficient of variation across 6 first-morning urine samples?

A
  1. 015
  2. 4%
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94
Q

Violette et al. JVIM 2019. Correlations among tracheal dimensions, tracheal stent dimensions, and major complications after endoluminal stenting of tracheal collapse syndrome in dogs.

What was the overall major (requiring a second stent) complication rate?

What major complications occurred and in what percentage of dogs?

A

Overall: 52%

Sent fracture: 25%

Obstructive tissue ingrowth: 19%

Progressive tracheal collapse: 12%

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95
Q

Violette et al. JVIM 2019. Correlations among tracheal dimensions, tracheal stent dimensions, and major complications after endoluminal stenting of tracheal collapse syndrome in dogs.

What major complication was associated with a shorter median survival time?

A

Stent fracture (MST 600 d vs. 1270 d)

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96
Q

Violette et al. JVIM 2019. Correlations among tracheal dimensions, tracheal stent dimensions, and major complications after endoluminal stenting of tracheal collapse syndrome in dogs.

What risk factors were identified for caudodorsal stent fracture?

A

High degree of natural tapering of the trachea

Increased percentage of oversizing

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97
Q

Johnson et al. JVIM 2019. Eosinophilic bronchitis, eosinophilic granuloma, and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in 75 dogs (2005-2016).

What radiographic, clinicopathologic, and BAL cytologic differences were identified between dogs with EB, EG, and EBP?

A

EB dogs were less likely to have peripheral eosinophilia, radographic bronchiectasis, lower mean % eos on BAL cytology (21% vs. 55% EG, 61% EBP)

Dogs with EBP more likely to have peripheral leukocytosis

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98
Q

Johnson et al. JVIM 2019. Eosinophilic bronchitis, eosinophilic granuloma, and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in 75 dogs (2005-2016).

Among dogs with >14% eos on BAL cytology, what was the prevelance of EB? EG? EBP?

What ws the prognosis of EG in this study?

A

EB: 41%

EG: 12%

EBP: 47%

Prognosis of EG: 9/9 dogs with follow up info improved or resolved with GCs and mucolytics (NAC or nebulized saline)

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99
Q

Nivy et al. JVIM 2019. Time course of serum cobalamin, folate, and total iron binding capacity concentrations in pregnant bitches and association with hematological variables and survival.

What changes associated with pregnancy-related anemia were noted in bitches in late pregnancy compared to mid pregnancy?

A

Late-pregnant bitches had lower serum cobalamin, RBC counts BUT higher serum iron and transferrin saturation

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100
Q

Francey et al. JVIM 2019. Membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs: prescription, anticoagulation, and metabolic response.

What clinicopathologic changes were noted in dogs receiving membrane-based TPE treatments?

A

Decreased TP (by 25%), fibrinogen (53%), bilirubin (36%), BUN (9%), creatinine (4.5%)

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101
Q

Francey et al. JVIM 2019. Membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs: prescription, anticoagulation, and metabolic response.

What organ dysfunction was associated with citrate accumulation?

A

Renal impairment > hepatic impairment

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102
Q

Francey et al. JVIM 2019. Membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs: prescription, anticoagulation, and metabolic response.

What was the complication rate in dogs receiving membrane-based TPE treatments?

A

34%; 2 fatal complications

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103
Q

Anderson et al. JVIM 2019. Lispro insulin and electrolyte supplementation for treatment of DKA in cats.

What differences in outcome were seen between DKA cats treated with a CRI of lispro vs. regular insulin?

A

Lispro-treated cats had shorter time to BG < 250 mg/dL (7 vs. 12.5 h)

No difference in time to resolution of ketosis, acidosis, time to SC insulin administration, or time to hospital discharge

No difference in hospitalization cost

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104
Q

Anderson et al. JVIM 2019. Lispro insulin and electrolyte supplementation for treatment of DKA in cats.

What CRI insulin dose was associated with a better outcome in DKA cats?

A

0.09 U/kg/h had better outcome than 0.045 U/kg/h

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105
Q

Tamura et al. JVIM 2019. Plasma amino acid profiles in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease.

What four plasma amino acids differed between dogs with IBD and healthy controls?

A

Lower methionine, serine, tryptophan, proline

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106
Q

Tamura et al. JVIM 2019. Plasma amino acid profiles in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease.

What plasma amino acids correlated with CCECAI scores, CRP, and overall WSAVA score?

A

Plasma serine had weak negative correlation with CCECAI scores

No amino acid correlated with CRP, WSAVA scores

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107
Q

Minamoto et al. JVIM 2019. Fecal short chain fatty acid concentrations and dysbiosis in dogs with chronic enteropathy.

What changes in fecal SCFA concentrations were identified in dogs with CE vs. healthy controls?

Why are SCFAs important in CE?

A

CE dogs: lower acetate and proprionate; no change in butyrate

SCFA decrease may indicate dysbiosis, as SCFAs are metabolic by-products of indigestible fiber fermentation by GI bacteria

SCFAs increase anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGFb)

SCFAs decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNFa)

SCFAs keep pH low and prevent overgrowth of pH sensitive bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridia)

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108
Q

Minamoto et al. JVIM 2019. Fecal short chain fatty acid concentrations and dysbiosis in dogs with chronic enteropathy.

What changes in fecal microbiota were identified in dogs with chronic enteropathy vs. healthy controls?

A

CE dogs had increased pathogenic E. coli, Strep, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium

CE dogs had decreased Firmicutes (Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Turicibacter)

CE dogs had decreased bacterial diversity (richness, CHAO1; evenness, Shannon)

CE dogs had increased dysbiosis index

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109
Q

Tamura et al. JVIM 2019. Usefulness of noninvasive shear wave elastography for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in dogs with hepatic disease.

What was the ability of 2D shear wave elastography to detect hepatic fibrosis in dogs? To detect high necroinflammatory scores?

A

Could detect clinically-relevant hepatic fibrosis

Couldn’t detect early hepatic fibrosis vs. healthy dogs

Could not detect high necroinflammatory scores

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110
Q

Tamura et al. JVIM 2019. Usefulness of noninvasive shear wave elastography for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in dogs with hepatic disease.

What was the utility of serum hyaluronic acid to detect dogs with clinically significant hepatic fibrosis?

A

No sig difference in serum HA between dogs w/ and w/o clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis

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111
Q

Tamura et al. JVIM 2019. Usefulness of noninvasive shear wave elastography for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in dogs with hepatic disease.

What clinicopathologic parameters differed between dogs with liver disease with and without clinically significant hepatic fibrosis?

A

Fibrosis –> lower serum albumin and cholesterol BUT usu still within ref range

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112
Q

Wu et al. JVIM 2019. Association of the canine ATP7A and ATP7B with hepatic copper in Dobermann dogs.

What genetic mutations were identified in Dobermann dogs and Labrador Retrievers with copper hepatopathy?

A

ATP7A –> enterocyte basal membrane –> transports copper from GI lumen into portal circulation; unclear role in copper hepatopathy

APT7B –> hepatocyte Golgi apparatus and lysosome, important for copper encorporation into ceruloplasmin & excretion into bile via hepatocyte apical membrane; had significant assocation with hepatic copper accumulation in Dutch and US Dobermanns

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113
Q

Wu et al. JVIM 2019. Association of the canine ATP7A and ATP7B with hepatic copper in Dobermann dogs.

What histopathologic changes are associated with copper hepatopathy in dogs?

A

Centrolobular inflammation surrounding copper deposits around the central vein

LP inflammation and necrosis in portal areas (autoimmunity)

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114
Q

Wu et al. JVIM 2019. Association of the canine ATP7A and ATP7B with hepatic copper in Dobermann dogs.

What gene mutation is associated with copper hepatopathy in Bedlington terriers?

A

COMMD1 gene

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115
Q

Parkanzky et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term survival of dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele by cholecystectomy, medical management, or both.

What was the 14-day mortality rate for dogs with GBM treated with cholecystectomy in a recent retrospective study & how does this compare to previous reports?

A

14-day mortality rate 19.6%

Lower than previously-reported (22-40%)

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116
Q

Parkanzky et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term survival of dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele by cholecystectomy, medical management, or both.

What breeds are predisposed to GBM formation?

A

Shelties, Cocker Spaniels, MIni Schnauzers

MBD most commonly affected in this study

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117
Q

Parkanzky et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term survival of dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele by cholecystectomy, medical management, or both.

How did long-term survival compare between dogs with GBM treated surgically, medically, or both?

A

Surgical: MST 1802 d

Medical: MST 1240 d

Both: 203 d

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118
Q

Parkanzky et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term survival of dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele by cholecystectomy, medical management, or both.

What factors were associated with decreased survival in dogs with GBM regardless of management strategy?

A

Increasingly severe mucocele type

increased serum ALP

increased serum creatinine

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119
Q

Parkanzky et al. JVIM 2019. Long-term survival of dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele by cholecystectomy, medical management, or both.

What factor was associated with increased survival in dogs with GBM treated surgically?

A

Evidence of rupture on AUS (may prompt more aggressive management)

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120
Q

Larouche-Lebel et al. JVIM 2019. Plasma and tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity and plasma equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin peptides in dogs with heart disease.

In the expanded RAAS, which angiotensin peptides are vasoconstrictive/maladaptive?

Which are vasodilatory/beneficial?

What receptors do they bind?

A

Maladaptive: AT1(1-10), AT2(1-8), AT3(2-8) Ang(2-7), Ang(3-7)

Beneficial: Ang(1-9), Ang(1-7), Ang(1-5), AT4(3-8), Ang(2-10)

Maladaptive receptor: AT2 receptor type 1

Beneficial receptors: AT2 receptor type 2, MasR, AT4(3-8) receptor

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121
Q

Larouche-Lebel et al. JVIM 2019. Plasma and tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity and plasma equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin peptides in dogs with heart disease.

What differences in angiotensin peptide concentrations were foudnb etween dogs with CHF vs. dogs without?

A

CHF (all dogs receiving ACEis):

Increased maladaptive Ang(2-7), Ang(3-7)

Increased beneficial Ang(2-10), Ang(1-9), Ang(1-7)

No change in AT2, AT3(2-8)

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122
Q

Larouche-Lebel et al. JVIM 2019. Plasma and tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity and plasma equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin peptides in dogs with heart disease.

What effect did incubation of plasma from dogs with CHF with human recombinant ACE2 have on angiotensin peptide concentrations?

A

Increased beneficial Ang(1-9), Ang(1-7), Ang(1-5)

Decreased AT1, AT2

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123
Q

Wright et al. JVIM 2019. Lidocaine for chemical cardioversion of orthodromic antrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia in dogs.

What medication is indicated for chemical cardioversion of orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia in dogs? Success rate?

A

Lidocaine 2 mg/kg IV boluses up to 8 mg/kg

84% of dogs responded before developing adverse effects from lidocaine

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124
Q

Rusbridge et al. JVIM 2019. Behavioral and clinical signs of Chiari-like malformation-associated pain and syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.

What clinical signs were commonly associated with Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in CKCS?

A

Altered emotional state, decreased jumping/stairs, decreased energy level, increased vocalization, spinal pain, touch aversion, sleep disturbances

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125
Q

Rusbridge et al. JVIM 2019. Behavioral and clinical signs of Chiari-like malformation-associated pain and syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.

What clinical signs were only observed in CKCS with a syrinx > 4mm

A

Phantom scratching, scoliosis, weakness, postural deficits

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126
Q

Harcourt-Brown et al. JVIM 2019. Electrodiagnostic findings in dogs with apparently painful LS foraminal stenosis.

What electrodiagnostic findings were associated with MRI-confirmed LS foraminal stenosis?

A

Increased F wave latency

Increased cord dorsum potential onset latency

Increased F ratio

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127
Q

Stafford et al. JVIM 2019. Presence of CSF antibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis of humans in dogs with neurologic disease.

What percentage of dogs with neurologic disease had anti-neuronal autoantibodies present in CSF? Antibodies to what receptor?

A

9.4% of dogs had autoantibodies present to the NMDAR1 receptor

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128
Q

Harro et al. JVIM 2019. Hepatic copper and other trace mineral concentrations in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma.

How did concentrations of copper and zinc from non-neoplastic liver tissue compare in dogs with HCC vs. w/o?

A

Dogs with HCC had higher copper and zinc concentrations in non-neoplastic liver tissue compared to dogs without HCC

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129
Q

Harro et al. JVIM 2019. Hepatic copper and other trace mineral concentrations in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma.

How did trace mineral concentrations compare in HCC tissue vs. non-neoplastic liver tissue in dogs with HCC?

A

HCC tissue had decreases in all trace mineral concentrations vs. non-neoplastic tissue

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130
Q

Parachini-Winter et al. JVIM 2019. Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastasis of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs: 20 cases.

Prognosis for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma that develop cutaneous or subcutaneous metastasis? How does chemo/surgery affect outcome?

A

Grave prognosis: MST 55 days

Outcome better with chemo+surgery (94 d) vs. chemo alone (64 d) or nothing (11 d)

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131
Q

Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence of Babesia spp. and clinical characteristics of Babesia vulpes in North American dogs.

What is the prevalence of Babesia spp. infection in dogs in North America?

  • B. gibsoni*?
  • B. vulpes?*
  • B. vogeli?*
  • B. canis?*
A

Overall babesia: 2.9%

B. gibsoni: 1.7%

B. vulpes: 0.51%

B. vogeli: 0.31%

B. canis: 0.19%

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132
Q

Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence of Babesia spp. and clinical characteristics of Babesia vulpes in North American dogs.

What percentage of dogs with B. vulpes infections were coinfected with B. gibsoni?

A

60%

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133
Q

Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence of Babesia spp. and clinical characteristics of Babesia vulpes in North American dogs.

What percentage of dogs with B. vulpes were coinfected with non-babesia infections? What co-infections were common? What co-exposures

A

79% of dogs co-infected with non-babesia infections

Common co-infections: D. immitus, Wolbachia, hemotropic Mycoplasmas

Common co-exposures: Bartonella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia

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134
Q

Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence of Babesia spp. and clinical characteristics of Babesia vulpes in North American dogs.

What treatment(s) were effective in dogs infected with B. vulpes?

A

Atovaquone + azithromycin

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135
Q

Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence of Babesia spp. and clinical characteristics of Babesia vulpes in North American dogs.

What clinicopathologic abnormalities were associated with B. vulpes infection?

A

Regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria (azotemia uncommon), hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia

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136
Q

Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence of Babesia spp. and clinical characteristics of Babesia vulpes in North American dogs.

What routes of transmission are possible for canine babesiosis?

A

Vector-borne (Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus ticks)

Dog bite

Blood transfusion

+/- transplacental

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137
Q

Reagan et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of the clinical performance of 2 point of care cryptococcal antigen tests in dogs and cats.

What was the sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of the CrAg lateral flow assay for diagnosis of cryptococcosis in dogs and cats?

A

Sensitivity: 92%

Specificity: 93%

PPV: 83%

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138
Q

Reagan et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of the clinical performance of 2 point of care cryptococcal antigen tests in dogs and cats.

What was the sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of the CryptoPS lateral flow assay for diagnosis of cryptococcosis in dogs and cats?

A

Sensitivity: 80%

Specificity: 95%

PPV: 73%

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139
Q

Reagan et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of the clinical performance of 2 point of care cryptococcal antigen tests in dogs and cats.

What fungal organism has apparent cross-reactivity with the cryptococcosis POC assays CrAg and CryptoPS?

A

Coccidiodes

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140
Q

Most common fungal disease of the domestic cat?

A

Cryptococcus

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141
Q

Mehrkens et al. JVIM 2016. Clinicopathologic and histopathologic renal abnormalities in dogs with coccidioidomycosis.

What percentage of dogs with coccidioidomycosis were found to have 3+ or 4+ protein (clinically relevant proteinuria) on urine dipstick?

A

63%

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142
Q

Mehrkens et al. JVIM 2016. Clinicopathologic and histopathologic renal abnormalities in dogs with coccidioidomycosis.

What percentage of dogs with coccidioidomycosis with renal histopathology available had lesions consistent with ICGN on light microscopy?

A

54%

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143
Q

Summers et al. JVIM 2019. The fecal microbiome and serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate in cats with CKD.

What differences in the fecal microbiome were identified in cats with CKD compared to healthy controls?

A

CKD cats had decreased bacterial diversity and richness

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144
Q

Rosenthal, Labato. JVIM 2019. Use of therapeutic plasma exchange to treat nonsteroidal anti-inflamamtory drug overdose in dogs.

In dogs with NSAID ingestion treated with TPE, what percent were successfully discharged from the hospital?

What percentage developed AKI prior to hospital discharge?

Complication rate?

What factors were associated with AKI development?

A

100% discharged

27% developed AKI

54% complication rate

Higher initial NSAID dose associated with higher max creatinine & change in creatinine from baseline

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145
Q

Segev et al. JVIM 2019. Sequential changes in urine production, glomerular filtration rate, and electrolyte excretion after mannitol administration.

What effects did IV mannitol as a bolus vs. CRI have on GFR, UOP, fractional excretion of electrolytes compared to D5W in healthy dogs?

A

No effect on GFR, no effect on UOP vs. D5W

< 1 hr increase in FeNa, FeBUN after both bolus and CRI

No effect on FeK, FePhos

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146
Q

Segev et al. JVIM 2019. Sequential changes in urine production, glomerular filtration rate, and electrolyte excretion after mannitol administration.

What effect did CRI vs. bolus administration of mannitol have on mannitol plasma concentrations and fractional excretion of solutes?

A

CRI could not maintain higher plasma mannitol

No increased effect on fractional excretion of solutes vs. bolus

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147
Q

Pelander et al. JVIM 2019. Comparison of the diagnostic value of SDMA, cystatin C, and creatinine for detection of decreased glomerular filtration rate in dogs.

Using a creatinine cutoff of 1.3 mg/dl, what were the sensitivities and specificities of SDMA and creatinine for decreased GFR in dogs?

How did cystatin C (cutoff 0.49 mg/L) compare?

A

Creat: sensitivity 90%, specificity 90%

SDMA: sensitivity 90%, specificity 87%

Cystatin C: sensitivity 90%, specificity 74%

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148
Q

Lamoureux et al. Frequency of bacteriuria in dogs with CKD: a retrospective study of 201 cases.

What was the prevlance of bacteriuria (based on positive urine culture) in dogs with CKD?

What percentage of dogs with bacteriuria showed clinical signs of UTI?

A

32% of dogs with CKD had positive urine culture

8% showed clinical signs

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149
Q

Lamoureux et al. Frequency of bacteriuria in dogs with CKD: a retrospective study of 201 cases.

What was the most common bacterial isolate cultured from the urine in dogs with CKD?

A

E. coli in 67% of cases

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150
Q

Lamoureux et al. Frequency of bacteriuria in dogs with CKD: a retrospective study of 201 cases.

What risk factors for positive urine culture were found in dogs with CKD

A

Isosthenuria > 1.013-1.024

Being female

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151
Q

Kim et al. JVIM 2019. Urinary NGAL in dogs with stable or progressive CKD.

What was the ability of urinary NGAL to creatinine ratio to distinguish between dogs with pre-renal azotemia, stable CKD, progressive CKD, and AKI?

A

Could distinguish between progressive CKD and stable CKD with 80% sensitivity & 78% specificity

Couldn’t distinguish stable CKD from prerenal azotemia

Couldn’t distinguish progressive CKD from AKI

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152
Q

Reagan et al. JVIM 2019. Risk factors for Candida urinary tract infection in dogs and cats.

What risk factors were identified for development of candida urinary tract infection in dogs? In cats?

What were NOT found to be risk factors?

A

Antimicrobials within 30 days (dogs & cats)

Immunosuppressive agents (dogs)

Other lower urinary tract disease (cats)

Diabetes mellitus, hospitalization history were NOT risk factors

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153
Q

Summers et al. JVIM 2019. The fecal microbiome and serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate in cats with CKD.

What differences in indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate were identified between CKD cats and healthy controls?

A

IS was higher in CKD cats vs. non; NSD between cats with IRIS II vs. III & IV CKD

No difference in pCS b/w CKD and controls

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154
Q

Weise & Berent (probably). Endoscopic laser ablation for the treatment of orthotopic and ectopic ureteroceles in dogs: 13 cases.

What percentage of ureteroceles were associated with ectopic ureters? With stenotic/imperforate ureteral orifices?

What was the outcome after laser ablation?

A

71% associated with ectopic ureters

13/14 stenotic or imperforate ureteral orifices

8/9 had resolution of urinary incontinence, 3/3 had resolution of pollakiuria

Follow up imaging –> ureterocele resolution & improvement in hydronephrosis/hydroureter in all dogs

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155
Q

Thompson et al. JVIM 2019. Intra-arterial renal infusion of autologous mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of CKD in cats: Phase I clinical trial.

Is intra-arterial, fluoroscopic guided infusion of adipose-derived autologous mesenchymal stem cells feasible and safe in cats with IRIS III CKD?

A

Yes

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156
Q

Reinero et al. Perspectives in vet med: Description and classification of bronchiolar disorders in cats.

What is the proposed classification scheme for feline bronchiolar diseases?

A

Primary disorders of just the bronchioles

  • constrictive/obliterative bronchiolitis
  • mineral dust airway disease
  • infectious bronchiolitis (fungal, mycobacteriosis, influenza, herpes, Mycoplasma)

Secondary

  • Extension from large airways
  • Asthma
  • Chronic bronchitis
  • Parasitic bronchitis
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Extension from interstitial lung disease
  • Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
  • Bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia/airway-centered interstitial fibrosis
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157
Q

Reinero et al. Perspectives in vet med: Description and classification of bronchiolar disorders in cats.

What are defined as “direct signs” and “indirect signs” of bronchiolar disease on high-resolution thoracic CT in cats?

A

Direct signs: changes that allow you to actually see the bronchioles themselves

  • Tree in bud, peribronchiolar ground glass opacity, dilatation

Indirect signs: changes in the surrounding parenchyma distal to diseased bronchiole

  • Mosaic attenuation, mosaic perfusion (constrictive bronchiolitis w/ fibrosis of the bronchiolar wall)
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158
Q

Contreras et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of liposome toll-like receptor ligand complexes for non-specific mucosal immunoprotection from feline herpesvirus-1 infection.

What was the effect of liposome toll-like receptor ligand complexes administered nasally & oropharyngeally to kittens prior to FHV-1 inoculation on clinical signs? DNA shedding?

A

Decreased conjunctivitis throughout study period

Increased respiratory scores (mainly from nasal discharge) days 15-28

Decreased DNA shedding with time

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159
Q

Johnson et al. JVIM 2019. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytosis in 104 dogs (2006-2016).

What was the prevalence and proposed pathogenesis of BAL lymphocytosis in dogs undergoing bronchoscopy

A

BAL lymphocytosis in 20% of dogs

Likely a nonspecific response to airway injury from multiple etiologies

May be associated with airway collapse

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160
Q

Johnson et al. JVIM 2019. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytosis in 104 dogs (2006-2016).

What are normal BAL fluid cytology cell percentages in dogs?

A

Macrophages: 80%

Lymphocytes: 7%

Eosinophils: 6%

Neutrophils: 5%

Basos, epi cells: 1%

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161
Q

JVIM 2019. Evaluation of angiopoietin 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in healthy dogs and dogs with SIRS/sepsis.

What differences were identified in plasma levels of ang-2 and VEGF in healthy dogs vs. dogs with sepsis and SIRS?

Survivors vs. nonsurvivors?

A

Ang-2 higher in dogs with sepsis and SIRS than healthy dogs, higher in non-survivors

VEGF higher in dogs with sepsis than dogs with SIRS & healthy dogs, higher in non-survivors

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162
Q

JVIM 2019. Evaluation of angiopoietin 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in healthy dogs and dogs with SIRS/sepsis.

Between plasma angiopoietin 2 and VEGF, which had a better ability to predict outcome in dogs with sepsis and SIRS?

A

Ang-2 sensitivity 50%, specificity 87% for distinguishing survivors from non-survivors

VEGF could not distinguish

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163
Q

Heilmann et al. JVIM 2019. Association of serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) concentrations and idiopathic hyperlipidemia in Mini Schnauzers.

In hyperlipidemic Mini Schnauzers, what was the association of calprotectin with lipid levels? How did lipid levels and calprotectin change with a switch to an ultra-low-fat diet?

A

Calprotectin was higher in Mini Schnauzers with high triglycerides or combined hyperlipidemia vs. hypercholesterolemia alone

Presence & severity of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia decreased with switch to ultra-low-fat diet w/in 14-26 weeks

Calprotectin did not change with switch to ultra-low-fat diet

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164
Q

Bae et al. Therapeutic monitoring of rivaroxaban in dogs using thromboelastography and prothrombin time.

What changes in TEG parameters and prothrombin time indicate therapeutic serum anti-Xa concentrations of rivaroxaban in dogs?

A
  1. 5-1.9x delay in prothrombin time
  2. 5-1.9x delay in R-value on TEG
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165
Q

Murakami et al. Ultrasonographic features of presumed gastric wall edema in 14 dogs with pancreatitis.

Describe the ultrasonographic features of gastric wall edema in dogs with pancreatitis?

A

Focal thickening (med 9.9 mm) adjacent to pancreas

Thickening in submucosa –> hyperechoic or lacy appearance

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166
Q

Fabres et al. JVIM 2019. Development and validation of a novel clinical scoring system for short-term prediction of death in dogs with acute pancreatitis.

What risk factors for death within 30 days of hospital admission were identified in dogs with pancreatitis?

What was the death rate within that time frame?

A

SIRS, coagulopathy, increased creatinine, ionized hypocalcemia

33% death rate in 30 days

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167
Q

Seiber-Ruckstuhl et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of a low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment protocol for long-term management of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism.

What dose of DOCP was sufficient to maintain normal electrolyte concentrations in the majority of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism?

What factors were associated with a higher DOCP dose requirement?

A

1.5 mg/kg maintained dosing interval 28-30d

Dogs < 3y of age needed higher doses

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168
Q

Covey et al. JVIM 2019. Changes in thyroid and renal function after bilateral thyroidectomy in cats.

When performed by a primary care physician, what were the percentages of cats that were hypothyroid, euthyroid, or persistently hyperthyroid within 6 months after bilateral thyroidectomy?

A

22% hyperthyroid

29% euthyroid

49% hypothyroid

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169
Q

Covey et al. JVIM 2019. Changes in thyroid and renal function after bilateral thyroidectomy in cats.

In cats that were euthyroid or hypothyroid within 6 months of bilateral thyroidectomy, what percentage of cats remained hypothyroid with long-term follow up? What percentage became recurrently hyperthyroid?

A

17% remained hypothyroid long-term

44% developed recurrent hyperthyroidism

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170
Q

Covey et al. JVIM 2019. Changes in thyroid and renal function after bilateral thyroidectomy in cats.

What was the relationship between SDMA and sCr in cats with hyperthyroidism?

A

Hyperthyroid cats had higher SDMA relative to creatinine

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171
Q

Buresova et al. JVIM 2019. Assessment of SDMA as a biomarker of renal function in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine.

What was the relationship of SDMA to sCr and GFR (estimated via exogenous creatinine clearance) in cats pre- and post I-131 therapy?

A

SDMA not correlated to GFR

sCr had significant, moderate, negative correlation with GFR both pre and post treatment

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172
Q

Buresova et al. JVIM 2019. Assessment of SDMA as a biomarker of renal function in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine.

What was the significance of a high SDMA in nonazotemic hyperthyroid cats that received I-131 therapy

A

4/6 cats with high pre-treatment SDMA had normalization of SDMA post-treatment

High pre-treatment SDMA did not predict development of azotemia post I-131

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173
Q

Liao et al. The association of indoxyl sulfate with fibroblast growth factor 23 in cats with CKD.

What was the sensitivity and specificity of plasma indoxyl sulfate for distinguishing progressive from stable CKD in cats?

What correlations between IS, FGF-23, and phosphate were identified?

A

93% sensitive, 77% specific

Faster progression of CKD in cats with high FGF-23 and high IS

FGF-23 and IS both correlated positively with serum phosphate; IS correlation was greater than FGF-23

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174
Q

Breheny et al. JVIM 2019. Esophageal feeding tube placement and associated complications in 248 cats.

How does the overall complication rate and infection rate in this study compare to the subsequent study by Nathanson et al?

A

Infection rate in this study 12%; subsequent study 18%

Overall complication rate 36% in this study, 46% in subsequent study

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175
Q

Breheny et al. JVIM 2019. Esophageal feeding tube placement and associated complications in 248 cats.

What factors increased the odds of E-tube stoma site infection in this study?

How does this compare to risk factors identified in the Nathanson et al study?

A

Risk factors: administration of glucocorticoids or chemo drugs, stoma site discharge

Nathanson study did not identify any risk factors for complications or infection

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176
Q

Breheny et al. JVIM 2019. Esophageal feeding tube placement and associated complications in 248 cats.

What factors increased the risk of death in cats receiving E-tubes?

A

Lower body weight

Comorbid conditions of multiple types (neoplasia, respiratory disease, pancreatic disease, infectious disease, urogenital disease)

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177
Q

Bottero et al. JVIM 2019. Comparison of two differently sized endoscopic biopsy forceps in the evaluation of intestinal disease in cats.

What was the effect of the use of small (1.8 mm) vs. large (2.4 mm) cup biopsy forceps on the percentage of “adequate” biopsy specimens obtained during upper GI endoscopy in cats?

A

Lg forceps –> higher percentage of adequate specimens & more likely to provide the correct diagnosis if there was disagreement

Substanital agreement between large and small forceps for lymphoma but not for IBD

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178
Q

Guard et al. JVIM 2019. Longitudinal assessment of microbial dysbiosis, fecal unconjugated bile acid concentrations, and disease activity in dogs with steroid-responsive chronic inflammatory enteropathy.

What are the major primary and secondary fecal bile acids in dogs?

What amino acids are conjugated to bile acids for excretion?

A

Primary: cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid

Secondary: deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid

AAs: taurine, glycine

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179
Q

Guard et al. JVIM 2019. Longitudinal assessment of microbial dysbiosis, fecal unconjugated bile acid concentrations, and disease activity in dogs with steroid-responsive chronic inflammatory enteropathy.

How did primary and secondary fecal bile acids compare in dogs with steroid-responsive CIE vs. controls?

How did treatment change primary and secondary fecal bile acid concentrations?

A

CIE dogs had decreased secondary fecal bile acids vs. controls (29% vs. 88%)

2-3 months of treatment increased secondary fecal bile acids to 94% in CIE dogs

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180
Q

Guard et al. JVIM 2019. Longitudinal assessment of microbial dysbiosis, fecal unconjugated bile acid concentrations, and disease activity in dogs with steroid-responsive chronic inflammatory enteropathy.

How did the “dysbiosis index” compare between CIE dogs and controls?

How did treatment change the dysbiosis index in CIE dogs?

What specific microbiome changes were seen in CIE dogs vs. controls?

A

Higher dysbiosis index in CIE dogs (2.5) vs. controls (-4.5)

Treatment did not significantly change dysbiosis index in CIE dogs

Lower Firmicutes (Faecalibacterium), higher Streptococcus in CIE digs

Lower Fusobacteriumin CIE dogs

Lower Clostridium hiranonis (known BA converter) in CIE dogs

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181
Q

Marsilio et al. JVIM 2019. Results of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular clonality testing of small intestinal biopsy specimens from clinically healthy client-owned cats.

What percentage of apparently healthy cats were diagnosed with small cell lymphoma based on IHC, PARR, and histopathology of endoscopic biopsy samples from the stomach & duodenum? LP enteritis? Most common histopath finding?

A

60% diagnosed with small cell lymphoma (15% went on to develop CE signs)

30% diagnosed with LP enteritis (16% went on to develop CE signs)

Fibrosis most common finding

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182
Q

Nisa et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of duodenal perfusion by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and intestinal lymphoma.

What was the clinical utility of contrast enhanced duodenal ultrasonography in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and intestinal lymphoma?

A

Peak intensity and area under the curve were higher in symptomatic CIE dogs vs. controls; correlated with clinical score

AUC higher in symptomatic CIE vs. dogs in remission (PI was not different in remission vs. clinical)

Did not distinguish dogs with intestinal lymphoma from CIE or control dogs

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183
Q

Tamura et al. JVIM 2019. Plasma amino acid profiles in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease.

What four amino acid were decreased in dogs with IBD vs. controls?

A

Proline, methionine, tryptophan, serine

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184
Q

Tamura et al. JVIM 2019. Plasma amino acid profiles in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease.

What amino acids correlated with CRP, CCECAI scores, and WSAVA overall scores?

A

Serine had moderate negative correlation with CCECAI score

No AA correlated with CRP, WSAVA scores

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185
Q

Minamoto et al. JVIM 2019. Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and dysbiosis in dogs with chronic enteropathy.

What changes in fecal short chain fatty acid concentrations were identified in dogs with chronic enteropathy vs. healthy controls?

Why are SCFAs important in CE?

A

CE dogs had decreased acetate and prioprionate vs. controls; no change in butyrate

SCFAs can decrease with intestinal dysbiosis (product of bacterial fiber fermentation)

SCFAs can be anti-inflammatory (promote secretion of IL-10 & TGFB; decrease secretion of IL-8, IL6, TNFa

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186
Q

Minamoto et al. JVIM 2019. Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and dysbiosis in dogs with chronic enteropathy.

What changes in the fecal microbiome were identified in dogs with chronic enteropathy vs. healthy controls?

A

Decreased bacterial diversity, richness (Chao1) and evenness (Shannon)

Increased dysbiosis index

Increased Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Strep, pathogenic E. coli in CE

Decreased Faecalibacterium, Turicibacter, Blautia (Firmicutes phylum)

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187
Q

JVIM 2019. Association of chronic enteropathy activity index, BUN, and risk of death in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy.

What factors were associated with a higher risk of death in PLE dogs?

A

Increased CCEAI scores (> 8)

Increased BUN (> 7)

Dogs with CCEAI scores < 8 survived 256 days longer

Dogs with BUN < 7 survived 279 days longer

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188
Q

Saleh et al. JVIM 2019. Comparison of diagnostic techniques for detection of Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats.

What reference test should be used for the detection of Giardia infections in dogs and cats?

A

Direct immunofluorescent assay for Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum fecal cysts

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189
Q

Saleh et al. JVIM 2019. Comparison of diagnostic techniques for detection of Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats.

What recommendation was made for use of commercially-available assays for G duodenalis fecal antigen?

A

All have good specificities

Recommended combining ZnSO4 fecal flotation in parallel (either positive = positive) for increased sensitivity (>95%) for all assays

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190
Q

Eivers et al. JVIM 2019. Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic vs. nonbrachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.

What percentage of dogs with esophageal dysmotility were brachycephalic breeds? What esophageal abnormalities were associated with brachycephaly?

A

77% of dogs with esophageal dysmotility were brachycephalic

Hiatal hernia, GERD, prolonged esophageal transit time

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191
Q

Eivers et al. JVIM 2019. Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic vs. nonbrachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.

What percentage of dogs with BOAS and esophageal dysmotility improved with airway corrective surgery vs. medical management?

A

88% improved with surgery vs. 47% with medical management

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192
Q

Grobman et al. JVIM 2019. Mechanical dilation, botulinum toxin A injection, and surgical myotomy with fundoplication for treatment of lower esophageal achalasia-like syndrome in dogs.

What was the effect of dilation and botulinum toxin injection into the LES for dogs with megaesophagus secondary to LES-AS on clinical signs and physical exam parameters?

A

Clinical improvement in all dogs

Reduction in regurgitation frequency of 80%

Median BCS improved from 3 to 5

BW increased by 20%

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193
Q

Grobman et al. JVIM 2019. Mechanical dilation, botulinum toxin A injection, and surgical myotomy with fundoplication for treatment of lower esophageal achalasia-like syndrome in dogs.

What was the effect of dilation and botulinum toxin injection into the LES for dogs with megaesophagus secondary to LES-AS on esophageal dilation and dysmotility?

A

ME and dysmotility persisted in all dogs despite clinical improvement

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194
Q

Golly et al. JVIM 2019. The frequency of oral famotidine administration influences its effect on gastric pH in cats over time.

What was the effect of q12 administration of therapeutic doses of famotidine to cats daily vs. every other day on intragastric pH? Serum gastrin levels?

Was rebound hyperacidity noted

A

Daily administration led to decreasing efficacy (decreased intragastric pH and decreased mean percentage time pH was above 3 and 4) with time

EOD administration did not result in changes in efficacy with time

No effect was seen on serum gastrin levels in the daily or EOD groups

Rebound hyperacidity was not noted in either group

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195
Q

Golly et al. JVIM 2019. The frequency of oral famotidine administration influences its effect on gastric pH in cats over time.

What was the range of mean percentage time that intragastric pH was greater than 3 in cats with EOD famotidine administration?

A

40-50% on “on days”

Much lower on “off days”

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196
Q

Seo et al. JVIM 2019. PK and PD of intravenous esomeprazole at two different dosages in dogs.

What was the mean percentage time that intragastric pH was above 3 and above 4 for esomeprazole IV at 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg q12h x 48 h in dogs?

A

pH at or above 3: 88% for 5 mg/kg; 90% for 1 mg/kg

pH at or above 4: 81% for 0.5 mg/kg; 85% for 1 mg/kg

NSD between dosage groups

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197
Q

Nixon et al. JVIM 2019. Efficacy of an orally-administered anti-diarrheal probiotic paste (Pro-Kolin Advanced) in dogs with acute diarrhea: a randomized, placeb-controlled, double-blinded clinical study.

What was the effect on duration and need for additional medications?

A

Significantly shorter diarrhea duration (32 vs. 47 h)

Lower % needed additional medications for diarrhea management (3.5% vs. 15%)

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198
Q

Langlois et al. JVIM 2019. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate treatment of copper-associated hepatopathy in dogs.

What was the effect of TTM on hepatic copper concentrations in dogs with CAH after 6 weeks? from 6 to 12 weeks?

Effect on histopathology scores?

A

TTM decreased hepatic copper concentrations (med 1606 to 1033) in the first 6 weeks of therapy

NSD between week 6 and week 12 of therapy (1033 to 931)

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199
Q

Langlois et al. JVIM 2019. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate treatment of copper-associated hepatopathy in dogs.

What was the effect of PO TTM on ALT over 12 weeks?

Pseudofunction parameters?

Histopathology scores?

A

5/10 dogs had decreases in ALT over 1st 6 wks, but overall ALT change was not significant

All pseudofunction parameters were normal at baseline and remained normal over 12 weeks

NSD in rhodanine copper staining, fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores

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200
Q

Lawrence et al. JVIM 2019. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of serum from dogs with chronic hepatic disease.

What metabolomic differences were identified between dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt vs. healthy controls, & why are they clinically significant?

A

CPSS dogs had decreased branched-chain to aromatic amino acid ratios

Aromatic: tyrosin, phenylalanine

Branched-chain: leucine, isoleucine, valine

Clinical significance: lower BCAA/AAA ratio means lower ability to detoxify ammonia, lower hepatic albumin synthesis

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201
Q

van Straten et al. JVIM 2019. Efficacy of orally administered sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbuyrate in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts.

What was the effect of oral administration for 5 days of Na benzoate and Na phenylbutyrate to dogs with CPSS vs. placebo on serum ammonia? Clinical signs?

A

No effect on serum ammonia concentrations

No improvement in clinical signs

Vomiting, anorexia, lethargy observed in treated dogs

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202
Q

Glaus et al. JVIM 2019. Efficacy of long-term oral telmisartan treatment in cats with hypertension: results of a prospective European clinical trial.

What was the effect of telmisartan 2 mg/kg PO SID on hypertensive cats after 28 days? After 120 days?

A

Mean 25 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure at day 28; maintained for 120 days

52% of cats had SBP < 150 mmHg at 28 days; 60% at 120 days

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203
Q

Glaus et al. JVIM 2019. Efficacy of long-term oral telmisartan treatment in cats with hypertension: results of a prospective European clinical trial.

How did response to telmisartan 2 mg/kg PO SID differ between cats with moderate (160-180) vs. severe (180-200) hypertension?

A

NSD in mean group reduction in SBP between moderate & severe hypertensive cats

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204
Q

Coleman et al. JVIM 2019. Safety and efficacy of orally-administered telmisartan for the treatment of systemic hypertension in cats: results of a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.

What was the effect of administration of 1.5 mg/kg PO BID x 14 days, then 2 mg/kg PO SID telmisartan on SBP in hypertensive cats at day 28? After 6 months?

A

Mean decrease of 23 mmHg in treated cats at day 28; maintained over 6 months

53% responders at day 28 (SBP < 150 or 15% decrease from baseline); 63% at 6 months

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205
Q

Yata et al. JVIM 2019. Cardiorenal and endocrine effects of synthetic canine brain natriuretic peptide 1-32 in dogs with compensated congestive heart failure caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease.

Effect of single dose of BNP1-32 in dogs with CHF from MMVD on fractional excretion of sodium? Fractional excretion of potassium? Aldosterone secretion? UOP? SBP?

A

No effect on any evaluated variable

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206
Q

Wesselowski et al. JVIM 2019. Anatomy, baseline characteristics, and procedural outcome of PDA in GSDs.

What were common clinical findings in GSDs with PDA? Most common PDA type? Outcome?

A

Clinical findings: most were mature (med 12 months), most were clinical, arrhythmias, concurrent congenital heart disease were common

Type II PDA most common

All dogs had successful closure via duct occluder or surgical ligation

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207
Q

Keene et al. JVIM 2019. Consensus Statement: Diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.

Staging system for dogs with MMVD?

A

Stage A: at risk dogs (CKCS, Mini Dachshunds, Mini & Toy Poodles)

Stage B1: structural heart disease without clinical signs, evidence of significant cardiac remodeling or failure

Stage B2: structural heart disease with cardiac remodeling (LA, LV enlargement), without clinical signs or failure

Stage C: congestive heart failure (current or past signs)

Stage D: refractory failure

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208
Q

Keene et al. JVIM 2019. Consensus Statement: Diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.

What findings classify a dog as stage B2

A

LA:Ao > 1.6, LVID in diastole > 1.7

VHS > 10.5 (breed normalized) or 11.5 (absolute)

Murmur > 3/6

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209
Q

Keene et al. JVIM 2019. Consensus Statement: Diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.

Recommended treatments for stage B2?

A

Pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg PO q12h

+/- ACEi

Diet: mild sodium restriction w/ adequate protein & calories to maintain MCS

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210
Q

Keene et al. JVIM 2019. Consensus Statement: Diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.

Recommendations for A fib + MMVD?

A

Digoxin + diltiazem for rate control

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211
Q

Keene et al. JVIM 2019. Consensus Statement: Diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.

Findings that classify a dog as stage D? Treatment additions above those for stage C?

A

Persistent clinical signs despite daily furosemide > 8 mg/kg, pimobendan, ACEi, spironolactone

Can increase to TID pimobendan, add hydrocholorothiazide, switch to 5-10% dose of torsemide

Add sildenafil if pulmonary hypertension

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212
Q

Keene et al. JVIM 2019. Consensus Statement: Diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.

Recommendations for stage C?

A

Furosemide up to 8 mg/kg/d, ACEi, spironolactone, continue pimo

Beta blockers not recommended for CHF

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213
Q

Chetboul et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical, epidemiological, and echocardiographic features and prognostic indicators in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study of 92 cases (2001-2015).

MST of cats with myocardial restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Factors associated with survival?

A

MST 667 days

Increasing LA:Ao, severe LA enlargement associated with shorter time to cardiac death

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214
Q

Spalla et al. JVIM 2019. Speckle tracking echocardiography in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

How did cats with preclinical HCM differ from controls in deformation of the heart?

A

Smaller longitudinal and radial strain rates

NSD in circumferential strain rates

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215
Q

Mattin et al. JVIM 2019. Prognostic factors in dogs with presumed degenerative mitral valve disease attending primary care veterinary practices in the UK.

What prognostic factors were associated with a higher risk of cardiac death in dogs with presumed MMVD presenting to primary care practices in the UK?

A
  1. Potent diuretic use (furo/torsemide, hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride)
  2. Higher NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin I
  3. Higher heart rate
  4. Exercise intolerance
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216
Q

Mattin et al. JVIM 2019. Factors associated with disease progression in dogs with presumed preclinical degenerative mitral valve disease attending primary care veterinary practices in the UK.

What factors were associated with clinical progression of presumed preclinical degenerative mitral valve disease to a negative outcomes (requirement of a potent diuretic, cardiac death) in dogs presented to primary care vets in the UK?

A
  1. Higher NT-proBNP, heart rates, heart murmur intensity
  2. Cough
  3. Being a CKCS
  4. Being prescribed pimobendan
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217
Q

Serum levetiracetam concentrations after transdermal levetiracetam administration, 3 times daily, to healthy cats. Smith et al. JVIM 2019.

Did it work? Serum concentrations? Adverse events? Formulation stability?

A
  1. Maintained serum concentrations 15-17 ug/mL (therapeutic > 5)
  2. Adverse events: pinna crusting and sedation
  3. Formulation was stable for at least 5 weeks
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218
Q

Focal epilepsy with fear-related behavior as the primary presentation in Boerboel dogs. Stassen et al. JVIM 2019.

What are the major signs associated with focal epilepsy with fear related behavior in Boerboel dogs? Histopath changes in the brain? Mode of inheritance?

A
  1. Signs: howling, trembling, fearful expression, autonomic and motor signs (3 mo onset)
  2. Histopath: vacuolated neurons in deeper cortical regions
  3. Mode of inheritance: likely autosomal recessive
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219
Q

Seizure precipitating factors in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. JVIM 2019.

What were factors that significantly precipitated seizures in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy?

A

Stressful situations, sleep deprivation, weather, hormonal factors

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220
Q

Intracranial pressure monitoring in normal dogs using subdural and intraparenchymal miniature strain-gauge transducers. Struges et al. JVIM 2019

What was the success of using an intracranial miniature subdural and intraparenchymal strain-gauge transducer in healthy dogs?

A
  1. Pathological sequelae worse after intraparenchymal placement
  2. Significant variation with normal behaviors, physiologic maneuvers, esp head movement
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221
Q

Morphometric analysis of spinal cord termination in CKCS. Sparks et al. JVIM 2019.

What pathologic condition should be investigated for its association with thoracolumbar syringomyelia in CKCS?

A
  1. Spinal cord tethering à cord terminated more caudally in CKCS than controls
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222
Q

Time course and prognostic value of serum GFAP, pNFH, and S100β concentrations in dogs with complete spinal cord injury because of intervertebral disc extrusion. Olby et al. jvim 2019

What serum biomarker was able to predict outcome in dogs with clinically complete spinal cord injury with 77-89% accuracy depending on sample timing?

A
  1. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
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223
Q

Clinical findings and outcome of dogs with unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy. Milodowski et al.

What were the most common underlying causes of unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy in dogs? Factors affecting outcome?

A
  1. Presumptive trigeminal nerve sheath tumor most common
    1. No obvious abnormality > other extra-axial mass lesions
  2. Mass lesions were associated with likelihood of additional neuro signs & deterioration
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224
Q

Prevalence of congenital sensorineural deafness in a population of client-owned purebred kittens in the UK. Mari et al. JVIM 2019

What risk factors exist for congenital sensorineural deafness in purebred cats?

A
  1. Solid white coat (prevalence 30%)
  2. Blue irises – 1 blue iris 44%; both blue 50%
  3. Turkish Van, Maine Coon, Norwegian Forest cat breeds
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225
Q

Open-label clinical trial of rectally administered levetiracetam as supplemental treatment in dogs with cluster seizures. Cagnotti et al. jivm 2019

  1. What effect did ventriculoperitoneal shunting have on clinical signs in dogs with internal hydrocephalus?
A
  1. Resolution of 1 or more clinical signs, regardless of age or duration of signs
  2. Resolution of ataxia and obtundation
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226
Q

Short- and long-term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs. Alisauskaite et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What is the short vs. long-term prognosis for Pugs undergoing surgical correction of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula?
A
  1. Short term improvement in 80% of dogs
  2. Long-term deterioration in 86% due to regrowth or new diverticula or syringomyelia
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227
Q

Clinical characteristics, breed differences, and quality of life in North American dogs with acute steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis. Lau et al. jvim 2019

  1. In a recent retrospective study of SRMA in dogs, what were the five most represented breeds?
A
  1. Golden retrievers, Bernese Mtn dogs, Wirehaired pointing griffons, Boxers, and Beagles
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228
Q

Clinical characteristics, breed differences, and quality of life in North American dogs with acute steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis. Lau et al. JVIM 2019

  1. In a recent retrospective study of SRMA in dogs, what percentage had at least one relapse? What factors were associated with relapse?
A
  1. 48%
  2. CSF TNCC; NOT TREATMENT PROTOCOL
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229
Q

Clinical characteristics, breed differences, and quality of life in North American dogs with acute steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis. Lau et al. jvim 2019

What was the effect of higher doses of corticosteroids on outcome in dogs with SRMA

A
  1. Higher CS doses associated with worse quality of life and adverse effects with no improvement in outcome
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230
Q

Vitamin D metabolism in dogs with and without hypercalciuric calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Groth et al. JVIM 2019.

What differences in vitamin D metabolites were identified in dogs that had formed CaOx uroliths vs. those that had not?

A

CaOx formers had lower 24,25(OH)D to 25(OH)D ratio

May have an issue deactivating vitamin D precursors?

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231
Q

Daily oral cobalamin supplementation in Beagles with hereditary cobalamin malabsorption (imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome) maintains normal clinical and cellular cobalamin status. Kook, Hersberger. JVIM 2019

What medication was found to maintain normal clinical and cellular cobalamin status in dgos with Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome?

Do serum cobalamin concentrations normalize with supplementation?

A

1 mg oral cyanocobalamin daily

Serum cobalamin doesn’t improve but clinical signs do; may indicate that there’s enough cobalamin intracellularly to do the job

Must be passive transport of cyanocobalamin across the GI wall

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232
Q

Daily oral cobalamin supplementation in Beagles with hereditary cobalamin malabsorption (imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome) maintains normal clinical and cellular cobalamin status. Kook, Hersberger. JVIM 2019

What biologic processes are metabolites of cobalamin essential for that relate to measurement of cobalamin status in dogs?

A

Cobalamin is a cofactor for enzymes that convert methylmalonyl-COA to succinyl-COA and remethylate homocysteine

Cobalamin deficiency leads to buildup of methylmalomic acid, homocysteine

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233
Q

What is Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome?

Affected breeds?

Genetic mutation?

Mode of inheritance?

A

Congenital inability to absorb cobalamin from the GI tract

Beagles, Border Collies, Australian Shepherd, Giant Schnauzers

Mutation in cubulin or amnionless portions of the cubam cobalamin transporter in the ileum (can test for CUBN mutation)

Autosomal recessive

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234
Q

Interleukin-13 and interleukin-33 mRNA are underexpressed in the duodenal mucosa of German Shepherd dogs with chronic enteropathy. Kathrani et al. JVIM 2019.

What differences in mRNA expression in the duodenal mucosa were found between GSDs with CE vs. non-GSDs with CE and healthy controls?

A

Decreased mRNA for IL-33, IL-13 Th2 related cytokines

Non-GSDs had increased IL-13 vs. healthy controls

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235
Q

Lymphatic endothelial cell immunohistochemical markers for evaluation of the intestinal lymphatic vasculature in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy. Wennogle et al. JVIM 2019.

What differences in GI lymphatics were identified between dogs with CIE and PLE vs. dogs with CIE w/o PLE when evaluated with lymphatic IHC markers?

A

Moderate negative correlation between serum albumin and ileal villous (-0.46) and proprial (-0.65) lacteal width

PLE dogs ahd wider duodenal proprial and ileal villous and proprial lacteal width vs. dogs without PLE

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236
Q

Lymphatic endothelial cell immunohistochemical markers for evaluation of the intestinal lymphatic vasculature in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy. Wennogle et al. JVIM 2019.

How did IHC evaluation of GI lymphatics compare to H&E staining?

A

IHC identified lymphangiectasia in some dogs that H&E staining missed

H&E lacteal dilation scores correlated weakly w/ ileal and duodenal villous lacteal width, but not with proprial lacteal width

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237
Q

Plasma free amino acid profiles in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma. Leela-arporn et al. JVIM 2019

  1. What differences were identified in plasma free amino acid profiles in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma vs. healthy controls and dogs with benign liver diseases?
A
  1. Glutamic acid higher in dogs with liver disease and HCC compared to controls
  2. No difference in amino acid profiles between dogs with HCC and benign liver disease
  3. No difference in amino acid profiles pre- and post-resection in dogs with HCC
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238
Q

Evaluation of hepatic tumor portal perfusion using mesenteric angiography: A pilot study in 5 dogs. Goode et al. jvim 2019

  1. What vessel supplies the majority of the blood flow to hepatic tumors when assessed via mesenteric angiography?
A
  1. Hepatic artery > portal vein
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239
Q

Evaluation of serum thymidine kinase 1 activity as a biomarker for treatment effectiveness and prediction of relapse in dogs with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. JVM 2019

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of serum thymidine kinase 1 > 119.5 Du/L for detection of incomplete response in dogs with non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
A
  1. Sensitivity 76%; specificity 100%
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240
Q

Evaluation of serum thymidine kinase 1 activity as a biomarker for treatment effectiveness and prediction of relapse in dogs with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. JVM 2019

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of serum thymidine kinase 5x increase at detecting relapse in dogs with complete remission of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
A
  1. Sensitivity 50%; specificity 94%
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241
Q

Polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement: Benchmarking performance of a lymphoid clonality assay in diverse canine sample types. Ehrhart et al. JVIM 2019

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of a benchmarked PARR protocol for detection of lymphoma vs. non in canine formalin-fixed tissue? FNA?
A
  1. 92% sensitive and specific for formalin fixed tissue
  2. 100% sensitive and specific for FNA
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242
Q

Sonography and sonoelastography in the detection of malignancy in superficial lymph nodes of dogs. Belotta et al. JVIM 2019

  1. What changes in ultrasonographic size, Doppler vascularity, and sonoelastographic resistivity & pulsatility indices and elasticitiy scores were identified in malignant vs. benign peripheral lymph nodes?
A
  1. Size: longer long axis, short axis, long-to-short axis ratio
  2. Doppler: mixed vascular distribution more likely in malignant
  3. Sonoelastography: higher resistivity & pulsatility indices, elasticity score
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243
Q

Glutatione S-transferase theta genotypes and environmental exposures in the risk of canine transitional cell carcinoma. Luethcke et al. JVIM 2019

  1. What environmental exposures were positively and negatively associated with TCC?
A
  1. Positive: household insecticide use
  2. Negative: proximity to a farm
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244
Q

Glutatione S-transferase theta genotypes and environmental exposures in the risk of canine transitional cell carcinoma. Luethcke et al. JVIM 2019

  1. What effect does genetic variation in the glutathione S transferase-theta gene have on TCC development in Scottish Terriers? In non-Scottish terriers with TCC?
A
  1. Genetic variants in GST-theta underrepresented in Scottish Terriers
  2. No difference in GST-theta variants in dogs with TCC vs. unaffected
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245
Q

Associations of environment, health history, T-zone lymphoma, and T-zone like cells of undetermined significance: A case-control study of aged Golden Retrievers. Labadie et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What percentage of lymphomas in older dogs are T-zone lymphomas? How does T-zone lymphoma typically behave?
A
  1. 12%
  2. Typically indolent
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246
Q

Associations of environment, health history, T-zone lymphoma, and T-zone like cells of undetermined significance: A case-control study of aged Golden Retrievers. Labadie et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What conditions were associated with both T-zone lymphoma development and the presence of “T-zone like cells of unknown significance” in Golden Retrievers?
A
  1. Urinary tract infection and cystic calculi
  2. Eye disease
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247
Q

Associations of environment, health history, T-zone lymphoma, and T-zone like cells of undetermined significance: A case-control study of aged Golden Retrievers. Labadie et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What conditions/meds were significantly associated with T-zone lymphoma development in dogs?
A
  1. Hypothyroidism (decreased risk)
  2. Mange (increased risk)
  3. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (decreased risk)
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248
Q

Incidence and risk factors associated with development of clinical cardiotoxicity in dogs receiving doxorubicin. Hallman et al. JVIM 2019

  1. What ECG & echo findings should raise concern for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in dogs?
A
  1. VPCs, decreased fractional shortening
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249
Q

Incidence and risk factors associated with development of clinical cardiotoxicity in dogs receiving doxorubicin. Hallman et al. JVIM 2019

  1. What risk factors were identified for the development of cardiotoxicity in dogs receiving doxorubicin?
A
  1. Cumulative dose, higher body weight
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250
Q
  1. What medication worked synergistically with doxorubicin to potentiate apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro? How might it work?
A
  1. Amiloride (potassium sparing diuretic)
    1. Inhibits sodium-hydrogen exchangers (proton pumps) which can be upregulated in the tumor microenvironment of OSA
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251
Q

Prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of hemangiosarcoma-associated skeletal muscle metastases in 61 dogs: A whole-body computed tomographic study. JVIM 2019

  1. What percentage of dogs with HSA undergoing whole-body CT scan had skeletal muscle metastases identified? What clinical signs were associated with skeletal muscle mets?
A
  1. 25%; never the only metastatic site
  2. Lameness or reluctance to move (60% of affected dogs)
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252
Q

Usage patterns of carbapenem antimicrobials in dogs and cats at a veterinary tertiary care hospital. Smith et al. JVIM 2019

What were the most commonly isolated bacteria from the dog and cat?

A

Dog: E. coli, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas

Cat: E. coli, Enterococcus

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253
Q

Usage patterns of carbapenem antimicrobials in dogs and cats at a veterinary tertiary care hospital. Smith et al. JVIM 2019

What percentage of bacterial isolates were carbepenem resistant?

A

3%

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254
Q

Association of acute Babesia canis infection and serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations in dogs. Milanovic et al. JVIM 2019.

What changes in inflammatory markers, serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations were observed in dogs with B. canis infections compared to healthy controls?

A

B. canis dogs had markedly increased serum amyloid a

B. canis dogs had increased HDL diameter and ApoA

B. canis dogs had lower serum cholesterol, phospholipid, and HDL concentrations

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255
Q

Risk factors and select cardiac characteristics in dogs naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi presenting to a teaching hospital in Texas. Meyers et al. JVIM 2019.

What cardiac characteristics were more likely in T. cruzi infected than non-infected dogs in Texas?

A

ventricular arrhythmias or combined ECG abnormalities

cardiac troponin I > 0.129 ng/mL

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256
Q

A monoclonal antibody-based urine Hisotpalsma antigen enzyme immunoassay (IMMY) for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in cats. Rothenburg et al. JVIM 2019.

For the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in cats, a bedside urine antigen test (IMMY) is available. How does its diagnostic performance compare with the gold standard test, and what is the gold standard?

A

Gold standard - Mira Vista EIA urine antigen test –> 94% sensitive, 97% specific, 96% accurate

MV test outperformed IMMY regardless of cut point used

  • IMMY EIA: 89% sensitive, 80% specific, 83% accurate with 0.25 ng/ml cutoff
  • IMMY EIA: 77% sensitive, 97% specific, 89% accurate with 1.1 ng/ml cutoff
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257
Q

Activation of upper respiratory tract mucosal innate immune responses in cats by liposomal toll-like receptor ligand complexes delivered topically. Wheat et al. JVIM 2019

  1. What effect does the topical administration of liposome-TLR complexes (LTCs) have on innate immune regulation in healthy cats?
A

Rapid recruitement of monocytes to the nasal & oropharyngeal tissues in vivo

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258
Q

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia of Irish Wolfhounds: Clinical findings and etiological studies. Viitanen et al. JVIM 2019.

What was the median age of onset?

A

5 years

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259
Q

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia of Irish Wolfhounds: Clinical findings and etiological studies. Viitanen et al. JVIM 2019.

What predisposing factors were and were not identified

A

Common: focal bronchiectasis (10/11)

Less common: laryngeal paralysis (3 dogs), esophageal dysmotility (2 dogs)

Not identified in any dog: ciliary defects, local immunoglobulin deficiencies

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260
Q

Efficacy of Borrelia bergdorferi vaccine in dogs in North America: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vogt et al. JVIM 2019

What is the efficacy of Lyme vaccination in dogs?

A

Likely reduces clinical signs of lameness, anorexia, pyrexia, depression

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261
Q

Layer‐specific myocardial function in asymptomatic cats with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed using 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography. Suzuki et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What was the main point?
A
  1. Speckle tracking looking separately at the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium identified strain differences between cats with preclinical HOCM which may indicate occult systolic dysfunction which was missed on conventional echo.
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262
Q

A pilot study investigating circulating trimethylamine N‐oxide and its precursors in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease with or without congestive heart failure. Karlin et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What differences in plasma trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors (choline, L-carnitine) were identified between dogs with MMVD and CHF vs. those without CHF and healthy controls?
A
  1. CHF MMVD dogs had increased TMAO, total L-carnitine, carnitine esters, and carnitine esters to free carnitine ratio vs. MMVD w/o CHF
  2. CHF MMVD dogs had increased TMAO (P = .02), choline (P = .01), total l‐carnitine (P = .01), carnitine esters (P = .02), free carnitine (P = .02), and E/F ratio (P = .009) vs. controls without MMVD
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263
Q

Evaluation of a high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay compared to a first‐generation cardiac troponin I assay in Doberman Pinschers with and without dilated cardiomyopathy. Kluser et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. How did the performance of the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay compare with the conventional assay for the diagnosis of DCM in Doberman Pinschers?
A
  1. High sensitivity & conventional assays had similar test performances
  2. HS test was better at identifying Dobermans who were “normal” but would develop DCM within 1.5 years
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264
Q

Behavior in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyroxine. Hrovat et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What was the effect of 6 weeks of levothyroxine supplementation on behavior, serotonin, and prolactin levels in hypothyroid dogs?
A
  1. Dogs had increased activity; no difference in serum prolactin or serotonin levels
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265
Q

Concurrent pituitary and adrenocortical lesions on computed tomography imaging in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism. Van Bokhorst et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What percentage of dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism (HAC) had lesions on both the pituitary and adrenal glands? What percentage of dexamethasone resistant dogs?
A
  1. 5% of dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism
  2. 10% of non-suppressible dogs had concurrent pituitary and adrenocortical lesions
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266
Q

Association between life span and body condition in neutered client-owned dogs. Salt et al. JVIM 2019

  1. What was the effect of body condition on risk of death & lifespan in neutered dogs?
A
  1. Instantaneous death risk for overweight dogs higher than normal body condition dogs for all breeds
  2. Median life span was shorter in overweight dogs
  3. Yorkies most, GSDs least affected
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267
Q

Presence of Clostridium perfringens netE and netF toxin genes in the feces of dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome. Sindern et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What was the prevalence of netE and netF toxin gene positivity in the feces of dogs with AHDS compared to dogs with parvo and healthy controls?
A
  1. AHDS: 48%; parvo: 0%; healthy: 12% (SD)
  2. Presence of C. perfringens was similar among groups; AHDS may be due to proliferation of netE and netF forming strains
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268
Q

Presence of Clostridium perfringens netE and netF toxin genes in the feces of dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome. Sindern et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What differences in clinical course and labwork parameters were identified between dogs with AHDS who were positive for netE and netF genes in their feces vs. negative?
A
  1. No difference in duration of hospitalization or time to recovery
  2. No difference in any CBC or chemistry parameter
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269
Q

Relationshp between cobalamin and folate deficiencies and anemia in dogs. Stanely et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What associations were identified between cobalamin and folate deficiency and anemia & abnormal RBC morphology in dogs?
A
  1. NSD in prevalence of anemia b/w dogs low & normal in folate, low & normal in cobalamin
  2. NSD in prevalence of nonregenerative anemia, macrocytosis, anisocytosis b/w hypo and normocobalaminemic dogs
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270
Q

Clinical features of canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary hemangiomatosis. Reinero et al. JVIM 2019.

Describe signalment, clinical presentation, imgaing findings, and outcome?

A

Signalment: older dogs (med age 11y); no breed or sex predisposition

History: acute respiratory distress (med < 3 days)

TXR: R cardiomegaly (L heart normal); patchy-diffuse interstitial-alveolar infiltrates

CT: pulmonary arterial enlargement; perivascular diffuse nodular ground glass opacity

Outcome: MST 3 days; 2/3 of dogs dead in one day

Pulmonary hypertension in all dogs tested

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271
Q

Clinical features of canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary hemangiomatosis. Reinero et al. JVIM 2019.

Describe the histopathologic findings in the lungs of dogs with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease? Pulmonary hemangiomatosis?

A

Veno-occlusive: occlusive remodeling of the small-med sized pulmonary veins

Hemangiomatosis: alveolar capillary proliferation and congestion

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272
Q

Clinical features of canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary hemangiomatosis. Reinero et al. JVIM 2019.

What are the five groups of causes of pulmonary hypertension

A

Group 1: pulmonary arterial diseases (veno-occlusive, hemangiomatosis)

Group 2: left heart diseases

Group 3: lung diseases/hypoxemia

Group 4: thromboembolism

Group 5: other/unclear mechanism

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273
Q

Influence of canine donor plasma hemostatic protein concentration on quality of cryoprecipitate. Drinkhouse et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What donor factors influenced the potency of cryoprecipitate in dogs?
A
  1. Factor VIII, vWF, fibrinogen content
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274
Q

Hepatic leptospiral infections in dogs without obvious renal involvement. McCallum et al. JVIM 2019.

What type of inflammatory infiltrate was associated with chronic leptospiral hepatic infection in dogs? Were they symptomatic? Did infection resolve with doxycycline treatment?

A
  1. Granulomatous hepatitis (no renal involvement)
  2. 7/10 dogs symptomatic, med 1 week of clinical signs prior to presentation
  3. Infection failed to resolve in ¾ dogs
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275
Q

Association of circulating microRNA-122 and microRNA-29a with stage of fibrosis and progression of ​chronic hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers. Sakai et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What circulating micro-RNAs were associated with grade of hepatitis and stage of fibrosis in Labrador Retrievers?
A
  1. miR-122 and miR-29a
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276
Q

Repeated cross‐sectional study of Trypanosoma cruzi in shelter dogs in Texas, in the context of Dirofilaria immitis and tick‐borne pathogen prevalence. Hodo et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What was the prevalence of seropositivity and PCR positivity in shelter dogs in Texas? How did this compare to D. immitis Ag prevalence?
A
  1. 18.1% prevalence of seropositivity, 1.1% for PCR+ for T. cruzi in shelter dogs in Texas
  2. Higher than D. immitis Ag positivity prevalence (16%)
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277
Q

Risk factors for positive urine cultures in cats with subcutaneous ureteral bypass and ureteral stents (2010-2016). Kopecny et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What decreased risk of positive urine culture in cats with SUBs and ureteral stents? What factors were not shown to increase risk?
A
  1. Post-operative antibiotics lessened risk (OR 0.2)
  2. CKD, renal implant type, postop urinary catheterization did not increase UTI risk
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278
Q

Risk factors for positive urine cultures in cats with subcutaneous ureteral bypass and ureteral stents (2010-2016). Kopecny et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. How many cats had positive urine cultures before hospital discharge after SUB placement? What percentage of cats developed positive urine cultures after hospital discharge? Were they clinical? What bacterial isolate(s) predominated?
A
  1. 25% had positive urine cultures before discharge
  2. 25% developed positive urine culture post-discharge (14/16 clinical for pyelo/LUTD)
  3. Enterococcus spp. predominated
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279
Q

Clinical, histopathologic, cystoscopic, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of proliferative urethritis in 22 dogs. Borys et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. In dogs with proliferative urethritis, what associations were identified (or not identified) between urine culture, tissue culture, FISH results, and type of inflammation present on histopath?
A
  1. No associations between urine/tissue culture & FISH with the type of inflammatory cell infiltrate (LP, LP-neutrophilic, neutrophilic, pleocellular all represented)
280
Q

Clinical, histopathologic, cystoscopic, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of proliferative urethritis in 22 dogs. Borys et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What percentage of dogs with proliferative urethritis were positive for adherent/invasive mucosal bacteria on FISH? How many FISH positive dogs had negative urine and urinary mucosal tissue culture?
A
  1. 54% of dogs with proliferative urethritis were FISH-positive
  2. 5/7 FISH-positive dogs had negative urine and tissue cultures
281
Q

Relationships among urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio, urine specific gravity, and bacteriuria in canine urine samples. Meindl et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. Can UPC be accurately predicted from a dog’s USG and urine dipstick protein category? What associations were found between positive urine culture and abnormal UPC?
A
  1. Weak negative correlations between UPC and USG for all protein urine dipstick categories, but accurate prediction of UPC wasn’t possible
  2. No agreement between positive urine culture and abnormal UPC
282
Q

The effect of inhaled heliox on peak flow rates in normal and brachycephalic dogs. Benavides et al. JVIM 2019.

  1. What was the effect of breathing Heliox (a mixture of helium and oxygen) vs. room air on peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rates in brachycephalic dogs? Mesocephalic dogs?
A
  1. PIF & PEF doubled in meso, tripled in brachy à heliox reduces airway resistance to flow
283
Q

Consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Acierno et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What additional tests should be performed/considered in any dog or cat diagnosed with hypertension?
A
  1. CBC/chem/UA, SDMA, UPC, +/- urinary, adrenal ultrasound, +/- GFR measurement
  2. Cats: serum thyroxine
  3. Dogs: adrenal function testing
  4. Consider serum & urine aldosterone & catecholamine concentrations
284
Q

Consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Acierno et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What should prompt a clinician to evaluate BP in a dog or cat
A
  1. Target organ damage
    1. Hypertensive retinopathy
      1. Detachment, hemorrhage, edema, vessel tortuosity
    2. Hypertensive encephalopathy
      1. Seizures, vestibular signs, ataxia, altered mentation/behavior
    3. Cardiac: gallop sound, arrhythmia, systolic heart murmur
    4. Renal disease/proteinuria
  2. Conditions, meds, toxins associated with hypertension
    1. Conditions: Cushing’s, renal disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, adrenal tumor
    2. Meds: GCs, mineralocorticoids, Proin, EPO, ephedrine/phenylephrine
    3. Toxins: Cocaine, meth, 5-hydroxytryptophan
285
Q

Consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Acierno et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What is the classification system for dogs and cats, and what is it based on?
A
  1. Based on risk of target organ damage
  2. Normal: SBP < 140 mmHg – minimal risk of TOD
  3. Pre-hypertensive: SBP 140-159 – low risk of TOD
  4. Hypertensive: SBP 160-179 – moderate risk of TOD
  5. Severely hypertensive: SBP > 180
286
Q

Consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Acierno et al. JVIM 2018.

Why are calcium channel blockers avoided as sole anti-hypertensive agents in dogs?

A
  1. Preferential dilation of the afferent arteriole à glomerular hypertension
287
Q

Consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Acierno et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What are the goals and management strategies for a hypertensive emergency (markedly increased BP with ongoing acute (TOD)
A
  1. Goal: 10% reduction of BP in first hour; additional 15% reduction in next few hours
  2. Management options in dogs
    1. Fenoldopam (D1 antagonist) 0.1 ug/kg/min CRI titrated 0.1 q15 min
    2. Labetolol, hydralazine, nitroprusside
    3. PO options if no TOD: hydralazine, amlodipine
288
Q

Investigation of a novel variable dosing protocol for radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. Morre et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect on outcome of I-131 therapy using a variable-dose protocol based on scintigraphy results vs. a fixed dose of 4.5 mCi? What % were hypothyroid, euthyroid, and hyperthyroid post Tx?
A
  1. No difference in outcome
  2. Variable: Euthyroid 61%, Hypo 30%, Hyper 9%
  3. Fixed: Euthyroid 58%, Hypo 26%, Hyper 16%
289
Q

Survival after diagnosis of hypertension in cats attending primary care practice in the UK. Conroy et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What management factors were associated with improved survival in cats diagnosed as hypertensive in primary care practice?
A
  1. Having a change in amlodipine dose
  2. Having hypertension diagnosed as part of routine screening for comorbid disease vs. diagnosis after development of clinical signs
290
Q

Survival after diagnosis of hypertension in cats attending primary care practice in the UK. Conroy et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the prevalence of hypertension in cats presented to primary care practices in the UK? What percentage of cats had blood pressure evaluated?
A
  1. 1.3% had blood pressure evaluated; 19.5% prevalence
291
Q

Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats. Peterson et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What form of spontaneous hypothyroidism can develop in adult cats? What fraction were azotemic and did azotemia resolve with levothyroxine treatment?
A
  1. Goitrous form associated with thyroid hyperplasia
  2. 4/7 azotemic; azotemia resolved with treatment
292
Q

A retrospective study of 157 hospitalized cats with pancreatitis in a tertiary care center: clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, potential prognostic markers and outcome. Nivy et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What negative and positive prognostic indicators were identified in a retrospective survival analysis in cats diagnosed with pancreatitis via AUS, feline SNAP fPLI, and/or DDGR?
A
  1. NPIs: hypoglycemia, ionized hypocalcemia, lethargy, pleural effusion, azotemia, parenteral nutrition, persistent anorexia
  2. PPIs: antibiotics more frequently administered to survivors
  3. No factors remained significant after Bonferroni correction…
293
Q

A retrospective study of 157 hospitalized cats with pancreatitis in a tertiary care center: clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, potential prognostic markers and outcome. Nivy et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of cats diagnosed with pancreatitis had consistent ultrasound findings? What were they & percentages?
A
  1. 85%
  2. Pancreatomegaly (81%)
  3. Decreased (31%) or increased (15%) pancreatic echogenicity
  4. Extrahepatic biliary tract dilation (24%)
  5. Increased peri-pancreatic echogenicity (13%)
294
Q

A retrospective study of 157 hospitalized cats with pancreatitis in a tertiary care center: clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, potential prognostic markers and outcome. Nivy et al. JVIM 2018.

A
  1. 86.6% idiopathic
  2. Causes: general anesthesia, trauma, hemodynamic compromise, organophosphates
295
Q

Low-dose ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of hypoadrenocorticism. Botsford et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did a cosyntropin dose of 1 ug/kg compare to 5 ug/kg for ACTH stimulation tests for diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs? What considerations must be made if using the low dose?
A
  1. ACTH stimulated cortisol concentrations were equivalent after both doses
  2. Post sample must be collected at EXACTLY 60 mins
296
Q

Radioactive iodine uptake in hyperthyroid cats after administration of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone. Oberstadt et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of administration of 50 and 100 ug recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone on thyroidal uptake of I-123 8- and 24 hours post-injection?
A
  1. Thyroidal percent iodine uptakes were not different between cats that received TSH at either dose at either timepoint vs. placebo
297
Q

The interpretive contribution of the baseline serum cortisol concentration of the ACTH stimulation test in the diagnosis of pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Nivy et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What contribution does the basal cortisol make to the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs by ACTH stimulation test?
A
  1. None; the difference and ratio of post-cortisol & baseline had poorer AUC than post-cortisol concentrations
298
Q

The interpretive contribution of the baseline serum cortisol concentration of the ACTH stimulation test in the diagnosis of pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Nivy et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What were the sensitivity and specificity of post-ACTH cortisol concentrations of 24.8 and 26 ug/dL in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs?
A
  1. 24.8: 86% sensitive, 94% specific
  2. 26: 81% sensitive, 100% specific
299
Q

Effect of an extruded animal protein-free diet on fecal microbiota of dogs with food-responsive enteropathy. Bresciani et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of feeding 60 days of an animal protein free diet to dogs with food-responsive enteropathy and healthy controls on the fecal microbiome?
A
  1. FRE dogs had lower bacterial alpha-diversity compared to healthy controls at baseline
  2. FRE dogs had lower alpha diversity at baseline than after the APFD trial
    1. Richness increased after the trial
  3. Microbial communities differed between FRE and controls both before and after trial
    1. Abundance of Blautia decreased in FRE vs. controls at baseline
    2. No differences in Faecalibacteria, Turicibacter, C. hirnanonis, E. coli, Fusobacterium, Strep b/w FRE & controls at any timepoint
  4. No significant modification of fecal microbiome in controls before & after trial
300
Q

Assessment of eosinophils in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease of dogs. Bastan et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What is a major limitation of the ability of H&E stains to detect eosinophils in histological GI sections?
A
  1. Cannot detect degranulated eosinophils
301
Q

Assessment of eosinophils in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease of dogs. Bastan et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of IHC (monoclonal antibody against eosinophil peroxidase granule protein) vs. H&E on duodenal, gastric, and colonic biopsy sections from dogs with eosinophilic, LP, controls, and mixed enteritis?
A

Number of intact eos detected with Epx mAb was significantly higher vs. H&E in all sections

of intact and degranulated eos higher in duodenal lamina propria of eosinophilic enteritis and mixed groups vs. control dogs

302
Q

Comparison of intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter between dogs with and without chronic inflammatory enteropathy. Giaretta et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did expression of the apical sodium dependent bile-acid transporter differ in the small and large intestine of dogs with CIE vs. healthy controls?
A
  1. CIE dogs had decreased ileal expression of the ASBT vs. controls
    1. Correlated negatively with histopath scores
303
Q

Comparison of intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter between dogs with and without chronic inflammatory enteropathy. Giaretta et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did the percentage of fecal primary bile acids differ in dogs with CIE vs. controls? The dysbiosis index?
A
  1. Increased percentage of fecal primary bile acids in CIE dogs
  2. Higher dysbiosis index in dogs with CIE vs. controls
304
Q

Effects of 6% tetrastarch or lactated Ringer’s solution on blood coagulation in hemorrhaged dogs. Diniz et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of 6% tetrastarch compared to LRS on BMBT, APTT, and ROTEM parameters in healthy dogs?
A
  1. NSD in BMBT
  2. APTT increased 4 hours from controls after tetrastarch
  3. CFT (like R value) increased, alpha angle decreased in both groups vs. controls (dilutional effect) from 0-4 & 0-2 hours
  4. MCF (like MA) decreased in both groups vs. controls
305
Q

Prevalence of naturally-occurring non-AB blood type incompatibilities in cats and influence of crossmatch on transfusion outcomes. McClosky et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of naïve cats and previously-transfused cats had major crossmatch incompatibilities with type-matched blood?
A
  1. 15% of naïve cats; 27% of previously-transfused cats
306
Q

Prevalence of naturally-occurring non-AB blood type incompatibilities in cats and influence of crossmatch on transfusion outcomes. McClosky et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the incidence of febrile transfusion reactions in crossmatched vs. non-crossmatched cats? Did crossmatch have an effect on outcome?
A
  1. 10% of non-crossmatched and 2.5% of crossmatched transfusions led to febrile transfusion reactions (SD)
  2. No effect on outcomes (survival to discharge, survival 30 or 60 days post-transfusion)
307
Q

Prevalence of naturally-occurring non-AB blood type incompatibilities in cats and influence of crossmatch on transfusion outcomes. McClosky et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What clinical recommendation was made based on study results?
A
  1. Crossmatch before all (including the first) RBC transfusions in cats
308
Q

Hepatic copper concentrations in 546 dogs (1982-2015). Strickland et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did hepatic copper concentrations in predisposed and non-predisposed breeds differ from the time period 1982-1988 vs. 2009-2015? How did the proportion of dogs with hepatic coper > 300 ug/g change?
A
  1. Predisposed breeds: median hepatic copper 313 ug/g greater in 2009-2015
    1. Proportion of dogs w/ Cu > 300 rose from 48% to 71%
  2. Nonpredisposed breeds: median hepatic copper 101 ug/g greater in 2009-2015
    1. Proportion of dogs w/ Cu > 300 rose from 28% to 49%
309
Q

Hepatic copper concentrations in 546 dogs (1982-2015). Strickland et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. In dogs with chronic hepatitis, how did median hepatic copper concentrations change from 1982-1988 vs. 2009-2015 in predisposed and non predisposed breeds?
A
  1. Median hepatic copper increased 3x in predisposed and nonpredisposed hepatitis dogs
310
Q

Hepatic copper concentrations in 546 dogs (1982-2015). Strickland et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What changes to AAFCO recommendations for dog food may have contributed to the increase in hepatic copper concentrations in dogs starting in the 1997?
A
  1. Required the use of copper sulfates & chelates in dog food premixes which are more bioavailable than previously used copper oxide
311
Q

In vivo and in vitro assessment of mirtazapine pharmacokinetics in cats with liver disease. Fitzpatrick et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did liver disease affect the half life of mirtazapine after oral administration of 1.88 mg mirtazapine to cats.
A
  1. Median half life doubled in cats with liver disease (13.8 vs. 7.4)
  2. Half life strongly positively correlated to ALT, ALP, total bili
312
Q

Evaluation of cell culture-grown Bartonella antigens in immunofluorescent antibody assays for the serological diagnosis of bartonellosis in dogs. Neupane et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. An immunofluorescent assay using 8 cell culture grown Bartonella spp. isolate antigens was recently developed. What percentage of Bartonella PCR positive dogs were seroreactive to any of these 8 Bartonella IFA antigens?
  2. What percentage of PCR/traditional IFA negative dogs were positive on the expanded IFA
A
  1. 62% (low sensitivity)
  2. 15%
313
Q

Evaluation of cell culture-grown Bartonella antigens in immunofluorescent antibody assays for the serological diagnosis of bartonellosis in dogs. Neupane et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What Bartonella species were seroreactive dogs most likely seroreactive to?
A
  1. Bartonella quintana and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. Berkhoffii II or both
314
Q

Babesia gibsoni cytochrome b mutations in canine blood samples submitted to a US veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Birkenheuer et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the overall prevalence of cytochrome b mutations in B. gibsoni in canine blood samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic lab?
  2. What was the incidence of new cytochrome b mutations in dogs that had follow up testing after initial B gibsoni diagnosis?
A
  1. 3.5% overall prevalence
  2. 12% prevalence on follow up testing
315
Q
  1. What mutation is associated with atovaquone resistance in B. gibsoni?
A
  1. M128 position of cytochrome b
316
Q

Babesia gibsoni cytochrome b mutations in canine blood samples submitted to a US veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Birkenheuer et al. JVIM 2018.

What is the mechanism of action of atovaquone?

A

Inhibition of the parasitic mitochondrial electron transport system at the level of the cytochrome bc1 complex

317
Q

Babesia gibsoni cytochrome b mutations in canine blood samples submitted to a US veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Birkenheuer et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of dogs infected with B. gibsoni were American Staffordshire Terriers?
A
  1. 74%
318
Q

Development of an estimated glomerular filtration rate formula in cats. Finch et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What parameters were used in a proposed formula for estimated GFR in cats? How well did the eGFR formula agree with GFR as assessed by iohexol clearance?
A
  1. 1/creatinine, pelvic circumference
  2. Poor agreement b/w eGFR and GFR in cats
319
Q

Factors associated with survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Rudinsky et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What physical examination and CPC factors were associated with an increased hazard ratio for death in dogs with chronic kidney disease.
A
  1. Physical exam: BCS < 4/9, muscle atrophy
  2. CPC: increased creat, phosphorus, calcium x phosphorus, FGF-23, UPC
320
Q

Factors associated with survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Rudinsky et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the median survival time of dogs with IRIS II, III, and IV CKD in this study.
A
  1. II: 15 months
  2. III: 11 months
  3. IV: 2 months
321
Q

Testing for Bartonella ssp. DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with inflammatory central nervous system disease. Bartner et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of dogs with inflammatory CNS disease were positive for Bartonella PCR?
A

0%

322
Q

Comparison of surgical and conservative treatment of hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion in dogs. Nessler et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did the outcome of medical vs. surgical management of hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion in dogs compare when evaluated retrospectively?
A
  1. Median time to regain ambulation was similar between management groups (6.6 vs. 5.9 days, not significant)
323
Q

The pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in cats. Adrian et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What were the half life of gabapentin administered as an IV bolus (5 mg/kg) and orally (10 mg/kg)? Did repeated oral dosing change the pharmacokinetics?
A
  1. IV: 3.78 hours
  2. PO: 3.63 hours; no change with repeated dosing
324
Q
  1. Was transdermal administration successful for dosing of gabapentin in cats?
A
  1. No
325
Q

Juvenile-onset polyneuropathy in American Staffordshire Terriers. Vandenberghe et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Describe the clinical features, nerve biopsy findings, and outcome? Likely mode of inheritance?
A
  1. Neuromuscular disease with generalized motor & sensory involvement; 10/14 had lar par
  2. Bx: degenerative polyneuropathy
  3. Outcome: disease slowly progressive; animals maintained QOL and ability to walk
  4. Autosomal recessive
326
Q

Comparative evaluation of a novel, moderately hypofractionated radiation protocol in 56 dogs with symptomatic intracranial neoplasia. Schwarz et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did progression free survival and overall survival 20 x 2.5 Gy compare with 10 x 4 Gy radiation therapy protocols compare in the treatment of dogs with primary symptomatic brain tumors?
A
  1. NSD in progression free survival (608 vs. 863 d)
  2. NSD in overall survival (610 vs. 796 d)
327
Q

Association between clinically probable REM sleep behavior disorder and tetanus in dogs. Shea et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What sleep disorder was associated with recovery from dogs diagnosed with tetanus in the UK? What was the progression of this disease with time?
A
  1. REM sleep behavior disorder (46% of dogs developed)
  2. Did not worsen in severity or frequency in any dog; resolved w/in 6 months in 43%
328
Q

Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate use in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of dogs. Berger et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the median progression free interval of dogs with gross vs. microscopic GIST treated with Palladia? What percentage of dogs with gross disease experienced clinical benefit? What factors were associated with shorter survival in toceranib treated dogs?
A
  1. Gross disease: 110 weeks; microscopic disease: 67 weeks
  2. 71% of dogs with gross disease experienced clinical benefit from Palladia treatment
  3. High mitotix index & presence of metastasis at diagnosis associated with shorter survival
329
Q

Demographic risk factors for lymphoma in Australian dogs: 6201 cases. Bennett et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What signalment factors were associated with an increased risk of lymphoma?
A
  1. Breed, male sex, neutered status
330
Q

Plasma cytokeratin‐18 concentrations as noninvasive biomarker of early gastrointestinal toxicosis in dogs receiving toceranib. Kovac et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the ability of plasma cytokeratin-18 concentrations to predict development of GI toxicosis in dogs treated with toceranib?
A
  1. Not a significant predictor
331
Q

Reflux aspiration in lungs of dogs with respiratory disease and in healthy West Highland White Terriers. Merita Maatta et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentages of Westies with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had a bile acids concentration in BAL fluid above the limit of quantification? What about healthy Westies vs. healthy Beagles? Chronic bronchitis? Laryngeal dysfunction? What other conditions were found to have high BALF bile acids?
A
  1. 78% of Westies with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; 10/13 healthy Westies, 0% of healthy Beagles
  2. Chronic bronchitis 62%
  3. Laryngeal dysfunction 68%
  4. Bacterial pneumonia, eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy, Wolfhounds w/ previous bacterial pneumonia
332
Q

Atrioventricular accessory pathways in 89 dogs: Clinical features and outcome after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Wright et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What signalment of dog was overrepresented for atrioventricular accessory pathways? What was the overall response to radiofrequency catheter ablation?
A
  1. Labrador retrievers, males
  2. 98.8% of dogs had resolution or substantial improvement of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy one month post-ablation
333
Q

Atrioventricular accessory pathways in 89 dogs: Clinical features and outcome after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Wright et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What cardiomyopathy phenotype should prompt consideration of AV accessory pathways?
A
  1. Dilated cardiomyopathy
334
Q

Evaluation of point‐of‐care thoracic ultrasound and NT‐proBNP for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in cats with respiratory distress. Ward et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What findings on point of care lung and cardiac ultrasound were useful in the diagnosis of CHF in cats with respiratory distress?
A
  1. > 1 site strongly positive for more than 3 B-lines (78.8% sensitive, 83.3% specific)
  2. Subjective LA enlargement (97% sensitive, 100% specific)
  3. Pericardial effusion 100% specific, 61% sensitive
335
Q

Evaluation of point‐of‐care thoracic ultrasound and NT‐proBNP for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in cats with respiratory distress. Ward et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of NT-pro-BNP for diagnosis of CHF in cats with respiratory distress
A
  1. 94% sensitive, 72% specific
336
Q

Echocardiographic evaluation of the right ventricular dimension and systolic function in dogs with pulmonary hypertension. Vezzosi et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What echocardiographic right ventricular measurement was able to predict right CHF in dogs with pulmonary hypertension?
A
  1. Right ventricular end diastolic area index
337
Q

Efficacy of pentamidine analogue 6 in dogs with chronic atrial fibrillation. Szatmari et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the efficacy of pentamidine analogue 6 in dogs with chronic A-fib?
A
  1. PA-6 couldn’t cause cardioversion to sinus rhythm
338
Q

A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study of sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto) in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Newhard et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of sacubitril/valsartan treatment for 30 days on blood pressure, RAAS values, echo parameters, and NT-proBNP?
A
  1. Decreased % change in uALDO:uCr in treatment grp
    1. uALDO increased over 30 days in placebo grp but not in treatment grp
  2. No difference in echo parameters, SBP, NT-proBNP among groups
339
Q

Comparison of the mitral valve morphologies of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and dogs of other breeds using 3D transthoracic echocardiography. Menciotti et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What differences in mitral valve morphologies were noted in CKCS vs other dog breeds using 3D echo?
A
  1. Flatter mitral valve with less tenting in CKCS vs. other breeds
340
Q

Effect of insulin treatment on circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 and IGF-binding proteins in cats with diabetes mellitus. Strage et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the ability of IGF-1 levels to predict diabetic remission in cats? How did this compare to glucose, fructosamine, and insulin levels?
A
  1. IGF-1 2-4 weeks after starting insulin treatment predicted remission
341
Q

Effect of insulin treatment on circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 and IGF-binding proteins in cats with diabetes mellitus. Strage et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What were the implications from this study for the current IGF-1 cutoff for diagnosis of acromegaly in cats?
A
  1. Current cutoff is > 1000 mg/ml
  2. 33% of the cats had IGF above this level at some point in the study (3 cats)
  3. 5/8 cats went into remission, 2/8 weren’t insulin resistant, and one had necropsy with no findings of acromegaly
342
Q

Randomized placebo controlled clinical trial of an enteric coated micro-pelleted formulation of a pancreatic enzyme supplement in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Parambeth et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the difference between efficacy of an enteric-coated vs. uncoated pancreatic enzyme tablet for treatment of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
A
  1. No difference in % hydrolysis fecal fat or any other measured variable
343
Q

Randomized placebo controlled clinical trial of an enteric coated micro-pelleted formulation of a pancreatic enzyme supplement in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Parambeth et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What is the diagnostic cutoff for TLI to diagnose canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
A
  1. 2.5 ug/L
344
Q

Serum concentrations of lipid soluble vitamins in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency treated with pancreatic enzymes. Barko et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What differences in lipid soluble vitamin serum concentrations were found between dogs with EPI, subclinical EPI, and healthy dogs?
A
  1. EPI dogs had lower retinol (vit A), lower alpha-tocopherol (vit E) than healthy dogs
  2. EPI dogs had lower alpha-tocopherol than subclinical EPI dogs
  3. EPI dogs with weight loss had lower 25(OH)D than EPI dogs with stable weight
345
Q

Hepatocyte expression and prognostic importance of senescence marker p21 in liver histopathology samples from dogs with chronic hepatitis. Kortum et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did the percentage of positive hepatocytes for p21 senescence markers compare in dogs with chronic hepatitis vs. dogs without? What was the prognostic value of p21?
A
  1. CH dogs had a med 90% positive hepatocytes & no association with age
  2. Non-CH had < 15% positive hepatocytes in 12/15 cases & association with age
  3. Increasing hepatocyte p21 positivity correlated negatively with survival
    1. Dogs in highest tercile MST 218; lowest tercile 874 days
346
Q

Sensitivity and specificity of microRNA-122 for liver disease in dogs. Oosthuyzen JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity for a cutoff of 3312 copies/uL miR-122 for distinguishing dogs with chronic hepatitis from healthy dogs and dogs with non-liver disease?
A
  1. Sensitivity 77%, specificity 97%
347
Q

Characteristics of dogs with biofilm-forming E. coli urinary tract infections. Kern et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of stored urinary E. coli isolates from dogs were capable of forming biofilms? How did biofilm forming isolates’ resistance patterns compare to non?
A
  1. 52.6% were capable of forming biofilms
  2. Biofilm forming E. coli was less likely to be multi-drug resistant
348
Q

Characteristics of dogs with biofilm-forming E. coli urinary tract infections. Kern et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What differences were found between dogs with biofilm-forming E. coli in the urinary tract vs. those with non-biofilm forming E. coli?
A
  1. No differences between population or infection characteristics (age, BCS, sex, weight)
349
Q

Effect of common storage temperatures and container types on urine protein : creatinine ratios in urine samples of proteinuric dogs. Moyle et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of storage temperature and container type on UPC values in proteinuric dogs?
A
  1. Slight inconsistent statistically, but no clinically relevant effect
  2. Samples can be stored in glass, homopolymer polypropylene, and propylene copolymer at 24C for 4 hours, 4C for 12 hours, and -20C for 72 hours after centrifugation without relevant decreases
350
Q

Variability of serum concentrations of cystatin C and urinary retinol‐binding protein, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, immunoglobulin G, and C‐reactive protein in dogs. Liu et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What were the approximate within-dog coefficients of variation for biomarkers serum cystatinC, uRBP/c, uNGAL/c, and uIgG/c in healthy dogs?
A
  1. sCysC 8%
  2. uRBP/c 34%
  3. uNGAL/c 87%
  4. uIgG/c 88%
351
Q

Seizure occurrence in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK: prevalence and risk factors. Erlen et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What signalment factors were associated with a higher risk of seizures in UK dogs?
A
  1. Breed: think B!
    1. Pug, Basset, Bordeaux, Boxer, Beagle, Bulldog (Eng, Fr), Border Terrier & Collie, Pom, Chi
  2. Males
  3. Age: 3-6 Y higher risk than 0.5-3 Y
  4. Size: > 40 kg higher risk vs. < 10 kg
352
Q

Population pharmacokinetics of extended‐release levetiracetam in epileptic dogs when administered alone, with phenobarbital or zonisamide. Munana et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of concurrent administration of levetiracetam and phenobarbital on the PK of levetiracetam in dogs? Levetiracetam and zonisamide?
A
  1. Lev-pheno à lower Cmax, AUC, higher clearance than lev alone, lev-zonisamide
  2. Half life still comparable to previous reports (5hr)
353
Q

25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with naturally acquired blastomycosis. O’brien et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What differences in 25(OH)D and ionized calcium concentrations were found in the serum of dogs with blastomycosis vs. healthy controls?
A
  1. Blasto dogs had lower 25(OH)D and higher ionized calcium vs. controls
354
Q

25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with naturally acquired blastomycosis. O’brien et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What factors were associated with survival in dogs with blastomycosis?
A
  1. NOT 25(OH)D
  2. Lactate, bone/skin/LN involvement, # of affected sites, respiratory signs
355
Q

Relationship of the mucosal microbiota to gastrointestinal inflammation and small cell intestinal lymphoma in cats. Garraway et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What bacterial genii were different (as assessed by biopsy FISH) b/w cats with intestinal small cell lymphoma vs. cats with IBD?
A
  1. Lymphoma à increased Fusobacterium spp. in ileal & colonic adherent mucus, combined colonic (free & adherent mucus & attached to epi)
    1. Fusobacterium significantly correlated to CD11b+ cells and NF-kB expression
  2. Lymphoma à increased Bacteroides in ileal adherent mucus & 3 combined compartments
356
Q

Acute echocardiographic effects of sotalol on ventricular systolic function in dogs with ventricular arrhythmias. Visser et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What effect on systolic function was observed on echocardiogram 2-4 hours after administration of sotalol to dogs? Was sotalol tolerated?
A
  1. Mild decrease in left ventricular systolic function
  2. Sotalol was well tolerated and effective at reducing HR and VPCs, even in dogs with atrial enlargement and systolic dysfunction
357
Q

Use of basal and TRH-stimulated plasma growth hormone concentrations to differentiate between primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness in dogs. Pijnacker et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How was basal growth hormone concentration different between dogs with hypothyroidism and non-thyroidal illness?
A
  1. All dogs with hypothyroidism had basal GH > 1.8; 9/10 dogs with NTI had basal GH < 1.8
358
Q

Use of basal and TRH-stimulated plasma growth hormone concentrations to differentiate between primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness in dogs. Pijnacker et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did TRH-stimulated plasma GH and TSH differ between dogs with hypothyroidism and non-thyroidal illness?
A
  1. GH increased in hypoT dogs; 1.75 ug/L cutoff at 45 mins post TRH distinguished all dogs with hypoT and NTI
  2. TSH did not increase in hypoT; at T45, all hypoT dogs had < 57% increase in TSH from baseline, while all NTI dogs had increase > 57%
  3. GH/TSH ratio at T45 also distinguished; all dogs > 4.6 had hypoT
359
Q

Use of basal and TRH-stimulated plasma growth hormone concentrations to differentiate between primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness in dogs. Pijnacker et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What is the proposed mechanism for the increased basal and stimulated GH in hypothyroid dogs?
A
  1. Somatostatin is the major inhibitor of TSH and GH secretion
  2. In hypothyroidism, there is no feedback from T4 to promote somatostatin release
  3. Inhibition of both TSH and GH secretion is gone
360
Q

Effects of immunosuppressive agents on the hemostatic system in normal dogs. Thomason et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What immunosuppressive agent was associated with increased production of thromboxane A2 in dogs? What effect did this have on measured hemostatic parameters (PT/PTT, Sonoclot viscoelastometry, PFA-100 platelet aggregometry, platelet count)?
A
  1. Cyclosporine
  2. No significant effect on any measured hemostatic parameter
    1. Possibly the result of simultaneous increases in prostacyclin synthesis with cyclosporine
361
Q

Effects of immunosuppressive agents on the hemostatic system in normal dogs. Thomason et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What immunosuppressive agent was associated with a decrease in platelet aggregation when administered for 7 days at therapeutic doses to dogs.
A
  1. Leflunomide
362
Q

Characteristics of hemostasis during experimental Ehrlichia canis infection. Shropshire et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What changes in hemostatic parameters were noted in dogs experimentally infected with E. canis?
A
  1. Significantly lower platelet counts & antiplatelet antibodies
  2. Platelet aggregation, hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic TEG profiles
363
Q

Prognostic importance of plasma total magnesium in a cohort of cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease. Van den Broek et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect on outcome of hypo- and hypermagnesemia in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease? Association with FGF-23?
A
  1. Hypomagnesemia was independently associated with FGF-23 and increased risk of death.
  2. Hypermagnesemia was not associated with survival on multivariate
  3. Hypomagnesemia was not associated with CKD progression on multivariate
364
Q

Prognostic importance of plasma total magnesium in a cohort of cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease. Van den Broek et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect on outcome of hypo- and hypermagnesemia in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease? Association with FGF-23?
A
  1. Hypomagnesemia was independently associated with increasing FGF-23 and increased risk of death.
  2. Hypermagnesemia was not associated with survival on multivariate
  3. Hypomagnesemia was not associated with CKD progression on multivariate
365
Q

Prognostic importance of plasma total magnesium in a cohort of cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease. Van den Broek et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did magnesium status affect phosphorus’s affect on outcome in CKD cats?
A
  1. Hyperphosphatemia only increased risk of death in hypomagnesemic cats
366
Q

Fractional excretion of electrolytes in volume-responsive and intrinsic acute kidney injury in dogs: diagnostic and prognostic implications. Troia et al. JVIM 2018

  1. How did the fractional excretion of various electrolytes differ between dogs with volume-responsive AKI vs. intrinsic AKI? Between survivors and non?
A
  1. Intrinsic had higher FE Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, P, glucose than vol-resp
    1. Ca, K, uCr/sCr performed well as distinguishing tests
  2. Survivors had lower Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, glucose
367
Q

Fractional excretion of electrolytes in volume-responsive and intrinsic acute kidney injury in dogs: diagnostic and prognostic implications. Troia et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What risk factors for death were identified in a recent study comparing fractional excretion of electrolytes in dogs with volume-responsive vs. intrinsic AKI?
A
  1. Increasing IRIS AKI grade, FE electrolytes, UOP
  2. Lower frequency of death in dogs with volume-responsive vs. intrinsic AKI
368
Q

Stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of functional pituiatary adenomas associated with feline acromegaly. Wormhoudt et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What was the outcome (MST, % with insulin dose reduction, % remission of DM) in cats treated with stereotactic radiation for acromegaly? How long did it take to reach lowest insulin dose?
A
  1. MST 1072 days
  2. 95% had reduced insulin doses, 32% achieved diabetic remission (permanent in 62%)
  3. Med 9.5 months to lowest insulin dose post-Tx
369
Q

Stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of functional pituiatary adenomas associated with feline acromegaly. Wormhoudt et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What is the risk for development of hypothyroidism after stereotactic radiation therapy for acromegaly in cats?
A
  1. 14% developed hypothyroidism
370
Q

Prognostic value of echocardiographic indices of left atrial morphology and function in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Toaldo et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What echocardiographic left atrial measurement was the strongest predictor of cardiac death in dogs with MMVD?
A
  1. Left atrial maximal volume (outperformed LA:Ao)
371
Q

Diagnostic utility of cardiac troponin I in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hori et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of a cTnI > 0.162 for differentiating normal cats from asymptomatic HCM cats w/o LA enlargement?
A
  1. 62% sensitive, 100% specific
372
Q

Diagnostic utility of cardiac troponin I in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hori et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of a cTnI > 0.234 for assessing heart failure in cats with HCM?
A
  1. 95% sensitive, 78% specific
373
Q

International collaborative study to assess cardiovascular risk and evaluate long-term health in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apparently healthy cats: the REVEAL study. Fox et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the risk of CHF, ATE, and death in one year in cats with preclinical HCM/HOCM? Five years? Ten years?
A
  1. What was the risk of CHF, ATE, and death in one year in cats with preclinical HCM/HOCM? Five years? Ten years?
    1. 1 year: 7% CHF; 3.5% ATE; 7% death
    2. 5 years: 20% CHF; 10% ATE; 23% death
    3. 10 years: 24% CHF; 11% ATE; 28% death
    4. No differences in survival for HCM vs. HOCM
374
Q

Clinical findings and survival time in dogs with advanced heart failure. Beaumier et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the median survival time for dogs with advanced CHF? What factor significantly prolonged survival?
A
  1. MST 281 days
  2. Receiving > 6.7 mg/kg/d furosemide lengthened survival (402 vs 129 days)
375
Q

Computed tomographic angiography of the pancreas in cats with chronic diabetes mellitus compared to normal cats. Secrest et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What changes in pancreatic size and CT appearance/enhancement were noted in cats with diabetes mellitus for > 1 year vs. healthy cats?
A
  1. DM: larger, higher volume and volume normalized to body weight, shorter time to peak portal enhancement on CTA
376
Q

Evaluation of individual low-dose dexamethasone suppression test patterns in naturally-occurring hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Bennaim et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What were the sensitivity and specificity of the LDDS overall for diagnosis of canine HAC? What patterns were most specific for HAC?
A
  1. Sensitivity 97%, specificity 67%; lack of suppression pattern had the highest PPV
377
Q

Evaluation of individual low-dose dexamethasone suppression test patterns in naturally-occurring hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Bennaim et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What were the classifications for LDDST pattern type? Which are considered “positive” for Cushing’s based on these study results?
A
  1. Complete suppression: T4 and T8 both < 1 ug/dl (negative)
  2. Lack of suppression: Neither < 1, neither < 50% (positive)
  3. Partial suppression: Neither < 1, either < 50% (positive)
  4. Escape: T4 < 1, T8 > 1 (unclear; base Dx on other factors)
  5. Inverse: T4 > 1, T8 < 1 (unclear, base Dx on other factors)
    1. PPV 40%
378
Q

A de novo mutation in the EXT2 gene associated with osteochondromatosis in a litter of American Staffordshire Terriers. Friedenberg et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What gene was found to have variants associated with osteochondromatosis (multiple exostoses) in Am Staff Terriers?
A
  1. Exostosin 2 (EXT2)
379
Q

Glucose concentrations after insulin-induced hypoglycemia and glycemic variability in healthy and diabetic cats. Zini et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. After an episode of insulin-induced hypoglycemia, how did glycemic variability differ between healthy cats and cats with DM? What factors increased glycemic variability after an episode?
A
  1. DM cats had larger glycemic variability (bigger standard deviation in BG)
  2. Higher insulin dose, higher fructosamine, less frequency remission à higher variability
380
Q

Determining optimal therapy of dogs with chronic enteropathy by measurement of serum citrulline. Gerou-Ferriani et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the clinical utility of serum citrulline concentrations to distinguish ARE, FRE, and SRE in dogs with CE? Could it distinguish CE dogs from healthy controls?
A
  1. Couldn’t do it.
381
Q

Serologic and fecal markers to predict response to induction therapy in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Otoni et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Out of serum CRP, serum pANCA, serum calprotectin, and fecal calprotectin, which biomarkers correlated with CIBDAI scores? Which significantly changed after treatment for CE, and how did they change?
A
  1. Fecal calprotectin correlated with pre (no post) treatment CIBDAI scores
  2. Fecal calprotectin and serum CRP significantly decreased with treatment
382
Q

Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease. Raghu et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What were the diagnostic utility of serum IL-6, chemokine ligand 2, CRP, and AST:ALT ratio in detecting dogs with high hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory scores?
A
  1. IL 6 was higher in dogs with high vs. low fibrosis scores, but lots of overlap
  2. CCL2 significantly higher in dogs with high necroinflammatory scores, but lots of overlap
  3. CRP, AST:ALT not significantly different based on fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores
383
Q

Effect of interleukin-1beta on occluding mRNA expression in the duodenal and colonic mucosa of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Ogawa et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What changes in interleukin expression differed in the colonic mucosa of dogs with IBD? What effect did this have on mucosal function? Was this finding present in the duodenum?
A
  1. Increased ratio of IL-1B to IL-1 receptor antagonist –> inflammatory
  2. Decreased mRNA for occludin (tight junction protein) in colonic mucosa of IBD dogs
  3. IL1B:IL1RA not evaluated in this study; occludin difference not significant in the duodenum
384
Q

Alterations in serum amino acid concentrations in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. Kathrani et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What serum amino acids differed in dogs with PLE compared with healthy controls? What disease severity marker correlations were found?
A
  1. Tryptophan was lower in PLE dogs vs. controls
  2. Serum tryptophan correlated moderately & positively with serum albumin
385
Q

Prospective long‐term evaluation of parenteral hydroxocobalamin supplementation in juvenile beagles with selective intestinal cobalamin malabsorption (Imerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome). Kook et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What parenteral medication was sufficient to maintain clinical health in dogs with Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome?
A
  1. 1 mg hydroxocobalamin monthly or bimonthly
386
Q

Prospective long‐term evaluation of parenteral hydroxocobalamin supplementation in juvenile beagles with selective intestinal cobalamin malabsorption (Imerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome). Kook et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Clinical signs associated with Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome?
A
  1. Failure to thrive, anorexia, lethargy, intermittent pyrexia, glossitis/stomatitis, paresthesia
387
Q

Comparison of two melphalan protocols and evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma in dogs. Fernandez et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Negative prognostic indicators for MM in dogs?
A
  1. Hypercalcemia, osteolytic lesions, Bence-Jones proteinuria
388
Q

Comparison of two melphalan protocols and evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma in dogs. Fernandez et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What were the pulse vs. daily protocols used to treat canine multiple myeloma? Adverse events? How did their outcomes compare?
A
  1. Daily: 0.1 mg/kg/d x 10 days, then 0.05 mg/kg/d
  2. Pulse: 7 mg/m2/d x 5 days every 21 days
  3. AE: thrombocytopenia most common which did not result in dose reductions, delays, or discontinuation; mild neutropenia and anemia also common
  4. Overall MST 930 days; no significant difference between protocols
389
Q

Computed tomographic appearance of abdominal lymph nodes in heatlhy cats. Perlini et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the utility of abdominal CT for identification of abdominal lymph nodes in healthy cats? What associations were found between signalment variables and size?
A
  1. Cd mesenteric, colic, hepatic, inguinal, pancreaticoduodenal LN identified in all cats
  2. Negative correlation b/w age and length, width
390
Q

Effect of cross-match on packed cell volume after transfusion of packed red blood cells in transfusion naïve anemic cats. Sylvane et al JVIM 2018.

  1. What differences in the change in PCV from baseline were noted in cats that received cross-matched blood transfusions vs. those that weren’t cross matched? Differences in transfusion reaction incidence?
A
  1. No difference in transfusion reaction incidence
  2. No difference in mean change in PCV up to 24 hours post-transfusion
391
Q
  1. Mechanism of action of vancomycin? Class?
A
  1. Class: glycopeptide
  2. MOA: binds D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of peptide chain during cell wall synthesis, inhibiting transpeptidase and preventing peptidoglycan cross-linking
392
Q

Incidence of and associated factors for bacterial colonization of intravenous catheters removed from dogs in response to clinical complications. Ramos et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percent of IV catheters removed from dogs due to complications were colonized by bacteria? What was the most common isolate? Hazards for bacterial colonization?
A
  1. 40%; Acinetobacter most common
  2. Junior staff or student performing catheterization, steroid use associated
393
Q

Detection and seroprevalence of morbillivirus and other paramyxoviruses in geriatric cats with and without evidence of azotemic chronic kidney disease. McCallum et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the association between morbillivirus and other paramyxovirus infection in cats with azotemia?
A
  1. No association b/w viral infection and azotemic CKD; unlikely that morbilliviruses are associated with CKD development in cats
394
Q

Effects of fenoldopam on kidney function parameters and its therapeutic efficacy in the management of acute kidney injury in dogs with heatstroke. Segev et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of fenoldopam administration on UOP, FeNa, and GFR in dogs with heatstroke-induced AKI? What was the effect on death rate?
A
  1. No effect on UOP, FeNa, GFR
  2. Mortality rate overall 35%; no difference between fenoldopam and placebo
395
Q

Transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging findings in paraplegic dogs with recovery of motor function. Siedenburg et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What did it find?
A
  1. Transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials reflected recovery of motor function after severe spinal cord injury.
396
Q

Serum levetiracetam concentrations and adverse events after multiple dose extended release levetiracetam administration to healthy cats. Heller et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Was once-daily administration of 500 mg XR levetiracetam tolerated in cats? Were plasma concentrations likely therapeutic?
A
  1. Yes; sedation, ataxia, vomiting/regurg in 1 cat each which resolved without dose adjustment
  2. Yes; trough serum concentrations were > 5 ug/ml
397
Q

Effect of sucralfate on gastric permeability in an ex vivo model of stress‐related mucosal disease in dogs. Hill et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of sucralfate administration concurrently with and after acid injury to ex-vivo canine gastric mucosa?
A
  1. Accelerated recovery of barrier function
398
Q

Association of fecal calprotectin concentrations with disease severity, response to treatment, and other biomarkers in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies. Heilmann et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the clinical utility of fecal calprotectin to distinguish dogs with FRE/ARE from dogs with SRE/IRE? Within SRE/IRE dogs, could it distinguish responders from partial/non?
A
  1. Higher calprotectin in dogs with SRE/IRE vs FRE/ARE but not significant
  2. Higher calprotectin in non-responsive/partially responsive SRE/IRE dogs (not significant)
399
Q

Prospective evaluation of an indwelling esophageal balloon dilatation feeding tube for treatment of benign esophageal strictures in dogs and cats.

  1. What percentage of animals had improved dysphagia scores after use of the B-tube? What percentage had no dysphagia?
A
  1. 92% improved, 67% had no dysphagia
400
Q

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopic 3 mm and 5 mm cup biopsies to wedge biopsies of canine livers. Kimbrell et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of liver biopsy specimens taken with a 3 mm laparoscopic cup biopsy forceps and 5 mm laparoscopic cup biopsy forceps agreed with wedge biopsy histopath diagnosis?
A
  1. 67% and 69%, not significantly different
401
Q

Fecal microbiota transplantation in puppies with canine parvovirus infection. Pereira et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What effect did fecal transplantation have on outcome for puppies infected with parvo?
A
  1. No effect on mortality (36% vs 21%)
  2. Shorter hospitalization times in FMT dogs (3 days vs. 6 days)
402
Q

Effects of 6% tetrastarch and lactated Ringer’s solution on extravascular lung water and markers of acute renal injury in hemorrhaged, isoflurane-anesthetized healthy dogs. Diniz et al JVIM 2018.

  1. How did tetrastarch and lactated Ringer’s compare in extravascular lung water, pulmonary edema formation, and urinary NGAL/creatinine?
A
  1. Tetrastarch had lower EVLW at 1 and 4 hours post infusion, but neither got edema
  2. No difference in uNGAL/creat between groups
    1. Remained below “threshold” for AKI (120000 pg/mg)
403
Q

Assessment of canine pancreas-specific lipase and outcomes in dogs with hemodialysis-dependent AKI. Takada et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of dogs with AKI dependent on hemodialysis had a spec CPL > 400? What association did CPL have with outcome?
A
  1. 62% had CPL > 400; no difference b/w survivors and non, no association w/ survival or dialysis-dependency
404
Q

Calcitonin response to naturally occurring ionized hypercalcemia in cats with CKD. Van den Broek et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of cats with CKD and hypercalcemia showed a calcitonin response to hypercalcemia?
A
  1. 33%; in these cats, calcitonin correlated with iCa and ALP
405
Q

Variability of Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Apparently Healthy Dogs. Kopke et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What recommendation was made for interpretation of SDMA and creatinine based on this study?
A
  1. Population-based reference intervals might lead to false negatives; should interpret changes over time in individual patient values
  2. SDMA critical difference of 6
    1. Diff of 6 for a change to actually represent a change in renal function
406
Q

Clinical Risk Factors for Early Seizure Recurrence in Dogs Hospitalized for Seizure Evaluation. Kwiatkowska et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the prevalence and mean time to seizure recurrence in this population? What historical factors predicted recurrence?
A
  1. 50% prevalence; recurrence within 7 hours
  2. Status epilepticus, cluster seizures 72 hours before presentation; abnormal neuro exam on presentation predicted early recurrence
407
Q

Vitamin D receptor expression in dogs. Cartwright et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What non-skeletal tissues strongly expressed the vitamin D receptor in dogs? What tissues had no VDR expression?
A
  1. Kidney, duodenum, spleen, skin, ileum strongly expressed
  2. Testicular & gastric tissue did not express
408
Q

Vitamin D receptor expression in dogs. Cartwright et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What differences were found between vitamin D receptor expression in the duodenum of dogs with and without CE
A
  1. No significant differences b/w CE and non
409
Q

Characterization of paroxysmal gluten-sensitive dyskinesia in Border Terriers using serological markers. Lowrie et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What three clinical features were common in Border Terriers with paroxysmal gluten-sensitive dyskinesia? What serological markers can be used for diagnosis, and are they sensitive and specific?
A
  1. Dermatopathy, paroxysmal dyskinesia, GI signs
  2. Anti-canine gliadin IgG; Anti transglutaminase 2 IgG; specific not sensitive
410
Q

Immediate, short‐, and long‐term changes in tracheal stent diameter, length, and positioning after placement in dogs with tracheal collapse syndrome. Raske et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What amount of stent shortening and stent migration occurred in a cohort of dogs with tracheal stents that were followed long-term?
A
  1. Stent shortening was minimal (10% mean long-term shortening)
  2. No clinically relevant migration occurred
411
Q

REVIEW: The GI microbiome. Barko et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What are the predominant bacterial phyla in the intestinal tracts of dogs and cats?
A
  1. Firmicutes* (Clostridia, Lactobacillus, Strep, Enterococcus, Blautia, Turicibacter, Faecalibacterium, Veillonellaceae); Gram +
  2. Bacteroidetes* (Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae families); Gram -
  3. Proteobacteria (Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Yersinia); Gram -
  4. Fusobacteria* (Fusobacterium); Gram - anaerobes
  5. Actinobacteria (Bifidobacteriales); Gram +
412
Q

REVIEW: The GI microbiome. Barko et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. The gut bacterial “genome” as a whole can be classified into genes coding for specific “functions”, and the relative % of genes dedicated to specific functions tends to be conserved even if the individual bacterial species performing those functions differ b/w individuals. What functional categories exist in dogs and cats and what percentage of the genes fall into each category?
A
  1. Carbohydrate metabolism 12-13%
  2. Protein/amino acid metabolism 8-9% and 7%
  3. Cell wall synthesis 7-8%
  4. Vitamin and cofactor synthesis 6%
  5. Nucleic acid synthesis 7%
  6. Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes also common
413
Q

REVIEW: The GI microbiome. Barko et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What changes in the mucosal immune system of the gut are initiated by commensal bacteria?
A
  1. Down-regulation of pro- (IL-8, IL-12, IL-23) and upregulation of anti- (IL-10) inflammatory cytokines
  2. Dendritic cells present commensal antigen to naïve T-cells à Tregs à anti-inf cytokines
  3. Decreased phagocyte migration to local lymphoid tissue à decreased B & T cell proliferation
  4. Goblet cell differentiation & protective mucus secretion
414
Q

REVIEW: The GI microbiome. Barko et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What changes in the mucosal immune system of the gut are initiated by pathogenic bacteria?
A
  1. Dendritic cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines à Th1 and Th17 response
  2. TLR4 and 5 expression on apical side of enterocytes with chronic inflammation
    1. Pro-inflammatory steady state
415
Q

REVIEW: The GI microbiome. Barko et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of host metabolic pathways are influenced by the microbiome?
A
  1. 10%
416
Q

REVIEW: The GI microbiome. Barko et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What important anti-inflammatory effects do short-chain fatty acids have in the gut?
A
  1. Important nutrient for colonocytes
  2. Strengthen tight junctions
  3. Regulate motility
  4. Stimulate anti-inflammatory compound production (IL-10, TGF-B)
  5. Bind neutrophilic G protein receptors & decrease migration
417
Q

Echocardiographic evaluation of the right atrial area index in dogs with pulmonary hypertension. Vezzosi et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What pulmonary arterial pressure ranges distinguish mild, moderate, and severe pulmonary hypertension?
A
  1. Mild: 36-50 mmHg
  2. Moderate: 51-75 mmHg
  3. Severe: > 75 mmHg
418
Q

Echocardiographic evaluation of the right atrial area index in dogs with pulmonary hypertension. Vezzosi et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What were the sensitivity and specificity of the area of the right atrium indexed to body surface area (RAA index) > 12.3 cm2/m2 for detection of R-CHF? What was the only determinant of the RAA index in dogs with PAH?
A
  1. Sensitivity 100%; specificity 89.5% for R-CHF
  2. Severity of tricuspid regurgitation was the only independent predictor of RAA index in dogs with PAH
419
Q

Echocardiographic evaluation of the right atrial area index in dogs with pulmonary hypertension. Vezzosi et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What differences were identified in the RAA index between dogs with different severities of pulmonary arterial hypertension?
A
  1. Dogs with severe or moderate PAH had higher RAA index vs. mild PAH & controls (lots of overlap)
420
Q

Transient myocardial thickening in cats associated with heart failure. Matos et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What characteristics differed between cats with transient myocardial thickening (LVWT > 6 mm w/ L-CHF that resolved in med 3.3 months) vs. cats with persistent HCM? How did outcome differ b/w groups
A
  1. TMT cats were younger and more likely to have “antecedent event”
  2. 20/21 cats with TMT had cardiac medications d/c’ed; all cats survived and only 1 had recurrent CHF
  3. No cats with persistent HCM had cardiac meds d/c’ed and 8/19 died during study period
421
Q

SDMA in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and diabetes mellitus. Langhorn et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did SDMA compare between cats with HCM, DM, vs. CKD and healthy controls?
A
  1. SDMA not different in HCM cats vs. healthy controls
  2. SDMA lower in cats with DM than in controls à DM may affect ability to interpret SDMA
422
Q

EPIC study. Boswood et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What three heart size parameters significantly decreased within 35 days of pimobendan therapy vs. placebo in dogs with MMVD? Functional parameters? Did this affect outcome?
A
  1. Normalized left ventricular inner diameter at end systole & end diastole; LA:Ao
  2. Increased fractional shortening in the pimo group
  3. Decreasing heart size lengthened time to primary endpoint (CHF or cardiac death)
423
Q

EPIC study. Boswood et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What clinicopathologic variables changed as dogs entered CHF?
A
  1. Creatinine, ALT increased; TP decreased
424
Q

Retrospective evaluation of the effect of heart rate on survival in dogs with atrial fibrillation. Pedro et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Per 10 bpm increase in mean heart rate, what was the change in risk of all-cause mortality in dogs with atrial fibrillation? How did mean heart rate affect median survival time?
A
  1. For every 10 bpm increase in heart rate, risk of death increased 35%
  2. Dogs with mean HR < 125 MST 1037 vs. mean HR > 125 MST 105 days
425
Q

Spectrophotometry and ultracentrifugation for measurement of plasma lipids in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Seage et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What lipid fractions were found to be increased in the plasma of diabetic dogs vs. healthy controls?
A
  1. Total triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and ApoB (a measure of how many LDL particles there are)
  2. LDL-C and non-HDL-C concentrations were most markedly elevated
426
Q

Effect of prophylactic calcitriol administration on serum ionized calcium concentartions after parathyroidectomy: 78 cases (2005-2015). Armstrong et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Was prophylactic calcitriol administration starting the day after surgery associated with a decreased risk of postoperative ionized hypocalcemia in dogs undergoing parathyroidectomy?
A
  1. No; no association between postop iCa or its rate of decrease
427
Q

Effect of prophylactic calcitriol administration on serum ionized calcium concentartions after parathyroidectomy: 78 cases (2005-2015). Armstrong et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What pre-operative factor was positively associated with post-op ionized calcium levels after parathyroidectomy in dogs?
A
  1. Pre-operative ionized hypercalcemia was strongly positively associated
428
Q

Efficacy of radiation therapy for the treatment of sialocele in dogs. Poirier et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the most efficacious dose of radiation for recurrent (post-surgical resection) sialocele in dogs? What percentage of dogs had a complete response vs. a partial response?
A
  1. Dose: cumulative 20 Gy
  2. Complete response: 54%; partial response: 45%
429
Q

Comparison of Multiplate, platelet function analyzer 200, and Plateletworks in healthy dogs treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. Saati et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Using a strict cutoff of > 50% decrease in baseline for MP and PW and > 300s for PFA, what platelet function test with what agonists detected all responders?
A
  1. Aspirin 1mg/kg: PW AA
  2. Clopidogrel 2 mg/kg: PW AA; PFA P2Y; MP ADP
  3. Combo: MP ADP, PFA P2Y, PW AA, and PW ADP
430
Q

Comparison of Multiplate, platelet function analyzer 200, and Plateletworks in healthy dogs treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. Saati et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of deaths from IMHA in dogs are thought to be the result of thromboembolism?
A
  1. 80%
431
Q

A remote assay for measuring canine platelet activation and the inhibitory effects of anti-platelet agents. Dunning et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What product can be added to canine blood samples to facilitate delayed analysis of platelet activity with excellent agreement to analysis performed immediately after collection? What marker was used as a surrogate for platelet activity
A
  1. PAMfix (paraformaldehyde)
  2. Surface expression of P-selectin on platelets
432
Q

Neutrophil extracellular traps in plasma from dogs with IMHA. Lawson et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What is a neutrophil extracellular trap, and what is the significance of cell-free DNA, hisDNA, and citrullinated histone H3 as it relates to NET formation?
A
  1. NET: extrusion of nuclear (cell death) or mitochondrial (no cell death) chromatin mesh à physical trap for microbes which are then killed by histones & bactericidal substances associated with the chromatin
    1. Response to IL-8, endotoxin
  2. Elastase migration to the nucleus à chromatin condensation
  3. Histone arginine residues are citrullinated by PAD4 (unique to NETosis)
  4. Cell free and hisDNA can go up due to pathogen DNA, necrosis/apoptosis, or NET
  5. Citrullinated histone H3 only increases as a result of NET formation
433
Q

Neutrophil extracellular traps in plasma from dogs with IMHA. Lawson et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What differences were found in cell-free DNA, hisDNA, and citrullinated histone H3 in dogs with IMHA vs. established reference ranges? Did these three assays correlate to neutrophil counts?
A
  1. 17% of IMHA dogs had increased cell-free DNA, 94% increased hisDNA
  2. 84% of dogs had detectable citrullinated histone H3
  3. None correlated to neutrophil count
434
Q

Neutrophil extracellular traps in plasma from dogs with IMHA. Lawson et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Did cell-free DNA, hisDNA, or citrullinated histone H3 correlate to survival in this study
A
  1. All were higher in nonsurvivors but difference not significant
435
Q

Plasma NT-proBNP and cell-free DNA concentrations after prolonged strenuous exercise in working farm dogs. Hunt et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of 4 days of strenuous exercise on NT-proBNP and cfDNA plasma concentrations in 6 healthy working dogs?
A
  1. First day increased NT-proBNP by 101%; each subsequent day decreased by 16%
  2. cfDNA increased by 138 ng/mL after work
436
Q

In vitro inhibition of canine complement-mediated hemolysis. Hernandez et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of the C3 inhibitor compstatin and human recombinant C1-esterase inhibitor on complement-mediated hemolysis of canine blood cells in vitro?
A
  1. Compstatin minimally and variably effective (50% in initial experiments but lost after new batch purchased)
  2. C1-INH dose-dependent; highest decreased >80%, lowest decreased >60%
437
Q

In vitro inhibition of canine complement-mediated hemolysis. Hernandez et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is IMHA?
A
  1. Type II: IgM, IgG, or IgA bind antigens on erythrocyte membranes
    1. Extravascular hemolysis: macros in the spleen/liver
    2. Intravascular: complement fixation & MAC à osmotic lysis
438
Q

In vitro inhibition of canine complement-mediated hemolysis. Hernandez et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What parts of the complement cascade are inhibited by C1-INH? By C3 inhibitors?
A
  1. What parts of the complement cascade are inhibited by C1-INH? By C3 inhibitors?
    1. C1-INH: Binds C1 (classical, adaptive immunity pathway) and MASP-1 & MASP-2 (Lectin pathway)
    2. C3: prevents cleavage to C3a and C3b by C3 convertases (C4b2b & C3bBb)
439
Q

Kinetics of plasma cell-free DNA and creatine kinase in a canine model of tissue injury. Wilson et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What were the biological half lives of plasma cfDNA and CK in dogs?
A
  1. cfDNA: 5.64 hours
  2. CK: 28.7 hours
440
Q

Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What were the most common presenting complaints & physical exam findings associated with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs?
A
  1. Vomiting (73%), lethargy (70%), inappetence (65%), diarrhea (32%), fever (30%), icterus (26%)
441
Q

Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018

A
  1. ALP increased in 97%; increased ALT, T bili, cholesterol, AST, GGT common
442
Q

Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What percentage of dogs with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis had negative bacterial cultures for the liver? For the bile? What were the most common bacterial isolates in positive dogs?
A
  1. 56% negative liver cultures; 53% negative bile cultures
  2. E. coli & Enterococcus (faecium > faecalis)
443
Q

Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What was overall median survival for dogs with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis? What factors influenced survival?
A
  1. MST 671 days & 85% discharged from the hospital
  2. Being > 13 years old and not having cholecystectomy decreased survival
444
Q

Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What type of inflammation was most common on histopath samples of the liver in dogs with cholangitis/cholangiohepaitis? What other histopath findings were common?
A
  1. 98% of dogs had neutrophilic inflammation; mild and chronic in most dogs
  2. 85% had portal fibrosis, 43% had intrahepatic biliary obstruction
445
Q

Sonographic evaluation of liver hemodynamic indices in overweight and obese dogs. Belotta et al JVIM 2018

  1. What changes were found in ultrasonographic pulsed-wave Doppler indices and CPC data between obese and overweight dogs and healthy controls?
A
  1. Obese: higher ALP, more dogs had abnormal hepatic vein spectral waves, lower mean portal velocity
  2. Overweight and obese: lower portal blood flow volume
  3. Overweight: higher GGT
  4. No differences in ALT, portal congestion index, hepatic artery resistivity index
446
Q

Gallbladder agenesis in 17 dogs: 2006-2016. Sato et al. Jvim 2018

  1. What was the most common dog breed affected by gallbladder agenesis? What histopathological abnormality was identified in the majority of dogs?
A
  1. Chihuahua
  2. Ductal plate malformation
447
Q
  1. What are the classifications of ductal plate abnormalities?
A
  1. Von Myernburg (multiple biliary hamartomas)
  2. Congenital hepatic fibrosis
  3. Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease
  4. Caroli’s disease (or syndrome if congenital hepatic fibrosis is also there)
  5. Choledocal cyst
448
Q

Gallbladder mucocele: variables associated with outcome and the utility of ultrasonography to identify gallbladder rupture in 219 dogs (2007-2016). Jaffey et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of dogs with intraoperative & histopath confirmation of gallbladder mucocele did not have mucocele identified on ultrasound?
A
  1. 20%
449
Q

Gallbladder mucocele: variables associated with outcome and the utility of ultrasonography to identify gallbladder rupture in 219 dogs (2007-2016). Jaffey et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratio of ultrasound to detect gallbladder rupture in dogs with gall bladder mucocele?
A
  1. Sensitivity 56%
  2. Specificity 92%
  3. Positive likelihood ratio: 6.74 (dog is 6.7x more likely to have AUS evidence of rupture if it has GBM + rupture than if not)
  4. Negative likelihood ratio: 0.44 (lack of AUS evidence of rupture is 0.44x as likely in a dog with GBM+ rupture than without)
450
Q

Gallbladder mucocele: variables associated with outcome and the utility of ultrasonography to identify gallbladder rupture in 219 dogs (2007-2016). Jaffey et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the perioperative mortality rate in this study, and what factors did/did not influence survival?
A
  1. 17.4% perioperative mortality rate
  2. Dogs with GBM and rupture w/ bile peritonitis 2.7x more likely to die than dogs w/o rupture and bile peritonitis
  3. Pre and intraoperative antibiotic administration, bacteriologic culture positivity not associated with survival (but most dogs received antibiotics prior to culture)
  4. Time between ultrasonographic Dx of GBM or rupture and surgery did not affect survival
451
Q

Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What serovars were dogs experimentally infected with in this study?
A
  1. Grippotyphosa, Pomona, Icterohemorragiae, Canicola
452
Q

Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What major differences exist in the substances that the SNAP and WITNESS tests look for in dogs?
A
  1. WITNESS: IgM specific & antibodies for multiple Lepto epitopes; IgM is produced 4-6 days post infection & disappears w/in a few months, only transiently produced post-vaccination
  2. SNAP: not IgM specific & only antibodies for LIPL32 outer membrane protein; may be positive in vaccinated or previously-exposed dogs
453
Q

Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did the performance of the WITNESS, SNAP, and MAT lepto antibody tests compare at day 7 post-inoculation? Day 10?
A
  1. WITNESS: day 7 à 100% sensitive for Gryppotyphosa, Canicola, Pomona; 50% in Icterohemorrhagiae; positive in 87.5% of dogs overall
    1. Day 10 à 100% sensitive in all dogs for all serovars
  2. MAT: day 7 à positive in 66% of dogs; day 10 à positive in 100%
  3. SNAP: positive in only 1 dog overall at day 7; 3 dogs at day 10; never positive for any dog infected with Canicola serovar
454
Q

Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Can MAT reliably identify the infecting serogroup?
A
  1. No; high cross-reactivity for all serovars except Hardjo
455
Q

Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What is the recommendation for testing for WITNESS negative dogs in which Lepto is strongly suspected?
A
  1. Retest with WITNESS and additional confirmatory test in 3-7 days
456
Q

Immune function in critically ill dogs. Hoffman et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What cytokines and respiratory-burst capacity markers were different between dogs with critical illness vs. healthy controls?
A
  1. Decreased TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10
  2. Decreased E.coli and PMA stimulated respiratory burst capacity
  3. Increased percentage of monocytes expressing TLR4
457
Q

Efficacy of minocycline in naturally occurring nonacute Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. Jenkins et al. JVIM 2018

  1. How did the efficacy of doxycycline 10 mg/kg SID vs. minocycline 10 mg/kg BID for 28 days compare for dogs with chronic Ehrlichia canis diagnosed via PCR?
A
  1. 100% treatment success (negative PCR 7 days after d/c)
  2. Time for all dogs to become negative: 3 weeks for doxy, 4 weeks for mino
458
Q

Efficacy of minocycline in naturally occurring nonacute Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. Jenkins et al. JVIM 2018

  1. How do the pharmacokinetics of minocycline and doxycycline differ?
A
  1. Minocycline is more lipophilic with higher tissue concentration
459
Q

Bartonella seroepidemiology in dogs from North America, 2008-2014. Lashnits et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What two species of Bartonella were dogs most likely seroreactive to? What was the overall prevalence of seroreactivity for all Bartonella species?
A
  1. Overall prevalence 3.3%
  2. B. henselae (2.13%); B. koehlerae (2.39%)
460
Q

Bartonella seroepidemiology in dogs from North America, 2008-2014. Lashnits et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What signalment of dog was more likely to be seroreactive to Bartonella
A
  1. Intact males, mixed breeds > pure
461
Q

Bartonella seroepidemiology in dogs from North America, 2008-2014. Lashnits et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What seasonal and geographic trends were identified in Bartonella seroreactivity in dogs?
A
  1. No trend in seasonal seroreactivity
  2. Geographic patterns supported broad distribution of exposure throughout North America
462
Q

Rapid diagnosis of Babesia gibsoni by point-of-need testing by insulated isothermal PCR in dogs at high risk of infection. Cooke et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of an insulated isothermal PCR test for B. gibsoni in dogs seized during dogfighting investigations? For Babesia spp. in general?
A
  1. B. gibsoni: sensitivity 90%, specificity 99%
  2. Babesia spp.: sensitivity 87%, specificity 98%
463
Q

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized study of beraprost sodium treatment for cats with CKD. Takenaka et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the effect of beraprost sodium 55 ug/cat BID x 180 days on serum creatinine, phosphorus to calcium ratio, and USG in cats with naturally-occurring CKD?
A
  1. sCr in treated cats did not increase (2.4 à 2.5) while placebo did (2.8 à 3.2)
  2. P:Ca in treated cats did not increase (0.5 à 0.51) while placebo did (0.46 à 0.52)
  3. No effect on USG in either group
464
Q

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized study of beraprost sodium treatment for cats with CKD. Takenaka et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What is beraprost sodium and why might it help cats with CKD?
A
  1. Prostacyclin analog à might vasodilate renal vasculature
465
Q

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized study of beraprost sodium treatment for cats with CKD. Takenaka et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What clinical scores improved in cats treated with beraprost sodium vs. placebo?
A
  1. Appetite, physical activity scores
466
Q

Pyelonephritis in dogs: retrospective study of 47 histologically diagnosed cases (2005 – 2015). Bouillon et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the prevalence of pyelonephritis in dogs at necropsy? What associations were found between histopathologic stage and severity of pyelonephritis and clinical signs?
A
  1. No association between severity & stage and lumbar pain, clinical signs of UTI
  2. Association between subacute histopath changes and fever; no association b/w severity and fever
467
Q

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination for the assessment of renal perfusion in cats with CKD. Stock et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What differences in time to peak and mean transit times were identified on contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the renal cortex and medulla of cats with CKD vs. healthy controls?
A
  1. Cortex: longer time to peak, shorter mean transit times consistent with increased vascular resistance
  2. Medulla: shorter time to peak and rise times consistent with increased blood velocity
468
Q

Evaluation of the live biotherapeutic product, asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli 2-12, in healthy dogs and dogs with clinical recurrent UTI. Segev et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Out of 9 dogs with recurrent UTI, how many had complete or nearly complete clinical cures by 14 days after instillation of the E. coli therapeutic? How many had microbiological cure?
A
  1. 4/9 had complete or nearly complete clinical cure
  2. 3/9 had microbiological cure at day 14; one had MC at day 7 but asymptomatic bacteriuria with the therapeutic Ecoli strain at day 14
    1. 3 of these dogs had electrophoresis identification of the therapeutic E coli strain at day 14 even though they cultured negative
469
Q

Serum cytokine profiling in cats with acute idiopathic cystitis. Parys et al. JVIM 2018

  1. What differences in serum cytokines/chemokines were identified between cats with idiopathic cystitis and healthy controls?
A
  1. Increased CXCL12, IL-12, IL-18, and Flt3L in cats with FIC (all pro-inflammatory)
470
Q

The influence of chronic kidney disease on the structural and mechanical properties of canine bone. Shipov et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What effect did naturally-occurring CKD have on bone quality in dogs?
A
  1. Smaller median lacunae size, larger resorption cavity density, and higher overall porosity
  2. Changes were mild and unlikely clinically significant
471
Q

Comparison of single, averaged, and pooled urine protein:creatinine ratios in proteinuric dogs undergoing medical treatment. Shropshire et al. JVIM 2018.

Questions

  1. How did single, average, and pooled UPC values compare for dogs with UPC < 4? > 4? Were this differences clinically significant?
A
  1. Strong correlations (r > 0.95) for single vs. average and pooled in both UPC groups
  2. UPC < 4: single could be approximately 0.4 below or 0.8 above pooled/average
  3. UPC > 4: single could be 0.2-0.4 below or 2.2-2.4 above pooled/average
  4. As long as you use a change of 80% for UPC < 4 and 35% for UPC > 4, these are not clinically significant
472
Q

Evaluation of serum SDMA as a marker for masked chronic kidney disease in cats with hyperthyroidism. Peterson et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of pre-I-131 SDMA for detecting a creatinine greater than 2.1 developing after treatment
A
  1. Sensitivity 33%; specificity 97%
473
Q

Evaluation of serum SDMA as a marker for masked chronic kidney disease in cats with hyperthyroidism. Peterson et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What percentage of cats developed creatinine > 2.1 after I-131 therapy in this study? How long after?
A
  1. 16%
  2. Median 6 months; max 8 months post
474
Q

Differences in epidural pathology between cervical and thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusions in dogs. Zuger et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What clinical differences were identified between dogs with cervical vs. thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusions? What histopath differences?
A
  1. Clinical: cervical more painful and had longer duration (but less severe) neuro signs; cervical had a better outcome
  2. Histopath: Cervical epidural material less calcified & less inflammatory infiltrate
475
Q

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound examination in dogs with suspected intracranial hypertension caused by neurologic diseases. Sasaoka et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Which Doppler ultrasound index was found to be increased in dogs with structural brain disease with evidence of intracranial hypertension vs. dogs without intracranial hypertension and no structural brain disease? What Doppler indices were not different?
A
  1. Ratio of systolic to diastolic mean velocity in the basilar artery was higher
    1. Indicates higher vascular resistance
  2. Resistivity and pulsatility indices were not different
476
Q

Metagenomic investigation of idiopathic meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs. Hoon-Hanks et al. JVIM 2018

Questions

  1. In a metagenomic analysis of brain and CSF from dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin, genetic material from what etiologic agents was identified?
A
  1. No etiologic agents were identified in any dogs
477
Q

Investigation of the role of campylobacter infection in suspected acute polyradiculoneuritis in dogs. Martinez-Anton et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What association was found between fecal Campylobacter culture positivity and acute polyradiculoneuritis in dogs? Risk factors? Most common Campy species
A
  1. When fecal sample obtained w/in 7 days of onset of signs, APN dogs 9.4x more likely to be Campy positive vs. controls
  2. Significant association b/w raw chicken consumption (96% of APN cases vs. 26% controls)
  3. Campylobacter upsaliensis
478
Q

STAT3 expression and activity are upregulated in diffuse large B cell lymphoma in dogs. Assumpcao et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What intracellular signaling pathway(s) was/were found to be upregulated in dogs with diffuse large B cell lymphoma vs. healthy controls?
A
  1. JAK-STAT3 pathway à higher nuclear expression in lymphoma vs. normal/reactive LN
  2. ERK1/2 pathway
479
Q

Clinical evaluation of tavocept to decrease diuresis time and volume in dogs with bladder cancer receiving cisplatin. Henry et al. JVIM 2018.

Questions

  1. What is tavocept?
A
  1. Promotes oxidation of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, making them inactive
    1. TRX/GRX give cancer cells resistance to oxidative stress & apoptosis
  2. Metabolizes to mesna à binds aquated cisplatin & prevents it from entering the GGT-xenobiotic metabolism pathway
    1. GGT-XMP normally produces a nephrotoxic platinum thiol/mercapturic acid species
480
Q

Clinical evaluation of tavocept to decrease diuresis time and volume in dogs with bladder cancer receiving cisplatin. Henry et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What is the standard of care for saline diuresis time for dogs receiving cisplatin chemotherapy? Why?
A
  1. > 6 hours
  2. The excess chloride ions in saline prevent the cisplatin molecule from giving up all its chloride ions intracellularly and binding glutathione à GGT XMP à toxic metabolite
481
Q

Clinical evaluation of tavocept to decrease diuresis time and volume in dogs with bladder cancer receiving cisplatin. Henry et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. How did the frequency of nephrotoxicity compare between dogs administered cisplatin for bladder cancer with a 6+ hour diuresis vs. cisplatin + tavocept & 90 min diuresis
A
  1. 21% became azotemic; significant reduction from historical controls
482
Q

Clinical evaluation of tavocept to decrease diuresis time and volume in dogs with bladder cancer receiving cisplatin. Henry et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Did the addition of tavocept to a cisplatin/diuresis protocol for bladder cancer in dogs have any effect on outcome?
A
  1. NSD (253 vs. 246 days)
483
Q
  1. Mechanism of cisplatin?
A
  1. Binds DNA at purine-purine bonds & roadblocks DNA replication machinery
    1. Prevents DNA repair, mRNA transcription
484
Q

Effects of toceranib phosphate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in tumor-bearing dogs. Hume et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What changes in hormones involved with the HPT axis were identified in dogs treated with toceranib for 90 days?
A
  1. All hormones remained within reference intervals
  2. FT4 decreased over time (1.22 – 1.00 ng/dL)
  3. TSH increased over time (0.17 – 0.34 ng/mL)
  4. TT4:TT3 decreased over time (2.57-2.02) à implies increased conversion to metabolically active T3
485
Q

Impact of pretreatment neutrophil count on chemotherapy administration and toxicity in dogs with lymphoma treated with CHOP therapy. Fournier et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What cutoff for absolute neutrophil count prevented delays in chemo administration without association with increased toxicity? What cutoff should be evaluated for prophylactic antibiotic administration?
A
  1. 1.5 x 103/uL
  2. 0.75 x 103; all dogs with abs neuts 0.75-1.5 recovered spontaneously w/o intervention
486
Q

c-Kit mutation and localization status as response predictors in mast cell tumors in dogs treated with prednisone and toceranib or vinblastine. Weishaar et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. Did c-kit mutation status predict treatment response in dogs with mast cell tumor treated with vinblastine vs. toceranib? Treatment response for each group?
A
  1. NSD between PFS (78 vs. 95 d), OS (241 vs. 159 d) for VBL & TOC, respectively
  2. NSD in proportion of dogs with c-kit mutations (30% TOC, 20% VBL) in either group
    1. c-kit mutation status did not predict treatment response to either drug
487
Q

Effect of a pheromone on stress-associated reactivation of feline herpesvirus-1 in experimentally inoculated kittens. Contreras et al. JVIM 2018.

  1. What disease- and stress-related markers were different in kittens with FHV-1 in pheromone-treated rooms vs. placebo?
A
  1. Pheromone kittens had less frequent sneezing in both individual and group housing
  2. Pheromone kittens were more frequently sleeping at the end of the observation period in both individual and group housing
488
Q

Effect of body position, exercise, and sedation on estimation of pulmonary artery pressure in dogs with degenerative AV valve disease. Rhinehart et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the effect of sedation, recumbency vs. standing, and exercise on estimation of pulmonary arterial pressure in dogs with AV valve disease?
A
  1. No significant effect of study period on echo-estimated pulmonary vascular resistance
  2. Significant increase in tricuspid regurgitant flow velocity after sedation (78% of dogs)
489
Q

Measurement variation and repeatability of echocardiographic variables used to estimate pulmonary artery pressure in dogs. Abbot & Gentile-Solomon. JVIM 2017

  1. What change in peak velocity of tricuspid valve regurgitation could be a cutoff for expected variation if the same person is doing the echo? If different people are doing the echo?
A
  1. 0.3 m/s for within-operator
  2. 0.6 m/s for between-operator
490
Q

Measurement variation and repeatability of echocardiographic variables used to estimate pulmonary artery pressure in dogs. Abbot & Gentile-Solomon. JVIM 2017

  1. Which echo estimate of pulmonary arterial pressure was most repeatable in dogs?
A
  1. Peak velocity of tricuspid valve regurgitation
491
Q

Short-term efficacy and safety of torasemide and furosemide in 366 dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: The TEST Study. Chetboul et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. How did the clinical efficacy compare between dogs with DMVD treated with torasemide 0.24 mg/kg SID and furosemide 1.39 mg/kg SID?
A
  1. Torasemide was non-inferior to furosemide at producing clinical improvement or clinical stabilization
  2. Torasemide was associated with a 2x reduction in reaching study endpoint (cardiac death, cardiac euthanasia, CHF class worsening)
492
Q

Altered serum thyrotropin concentrations in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism before and during treatment. Reusch et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What percentage of dogs with Addison’s and control dogs had increased cTSH? Did dogs with Addison’s and increased cTSH have increased TT4? What was the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on cTSH levels in Addisonian dogs?
A
  1. 37% (11/30) Addisonian dogs had increased cTSH; no controls had increased cTSH
  2. No difference in TT4 between HA dogs w/ increased cTSH vs. HA dogs w/o increased cTSH and healthy controls
  3. cTSH normalized after GC treatment in all dogs; in 9/11 within 4 weeks
    1. 2 dogs were treated for 3 & 4 months before normalization of cTSH
493
Q

Desoxycorticosterone pivalate duration of action and individualized dosing intervals in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Jaffey et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the median and range for the individualized dosing interval for DOCP in dogs with naïve Addison’s disease? With previously treated Addison’s? Median dosing interval 3 months after establishing the interval?
A
  1. Naïve: Med 62 days (32-94)
  2. Previously-treated: Med 67 days (41-124)
  3. Med after 3 months: 58 days (38-90)
494
Q

Desoxycorticosterone pivalate duration of action and individualized dosing intervals in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Jaffey et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What baseline variables were significantly associated with DOCP duration of action?
A
  1. No variable was significantly associated
  2. Variables assessed: age, weight, DOCP & pred dose, duration of treatment prior to starting IDI
495
Q

Desoxycorticosterone pivalate duration of action and individualized dosing intervals in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Jaffey et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What determined the individualized dosing interval for DOCP in this study?
A
  1. Time from DOCP administration to development of electrolyte abnormalities – 7 days
496
Q

Desoxycorticosterone pivalate duration of action and individualized dosing intervals in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Jaffey et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the median total savings per year for dogs on the IDI vs. traditional DOCP dosing interval?
A
  1. 57.5% cheaper for IDI
497
Q

Evaluation of renal perfusion in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine treatment. Stock et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What general changes in contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of renal perfusion were noted in cats before and one month after I-131 treatment?
A
  1. Higher cortical and medullary blood velocity pre-treatment
  2. Higher medullary blood volume pre-treatment
498
Q

Effects of six weeks of parenteral cobalamin supplementation on clinical and biochemical variables in cats with GI disease. Kempf et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the effect of administration of cobalamin 250 ug IM q 7 days for 6 weeks on serum cobalamin levels and serum and urine methylmalonic acid concentrations in cats with GI disease? Were these effects maintained if administration was discontinued for 4 and 10 weeks?
A
  1. Med cobalamin increased (111 to 2332) during supplementation
  2. Med serum MMA decreased (372 to 1.62) during supplementation
  3. At the end of supplementation, 12/20 cats still had increased serum MMA concentrations
    1. Only 1 cat still had low cobalamin at that time
  4. At 4 weeks post-d/c, cobalamin decreased (med 610), serum MMA increased (5.34)
  5. At 10 weeks post-d/c, cobalamin decreased (180), serum MMA increased (189)
  6. Similar pattern for urine MMA but not significant
499
Q

Effects of six weeks of parenteral cobalamin supplementation on clinical and biochemical variables in cats with GI disease. Kempf et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the effect of administration of cobalamin 250 ug IM q 7 days for 6 weeks on clinical disease activity scores in cats? What happened after discontinuation?
A
  1. Clinical disease activity scores decreased during supplementation; increased after d/c
500
Q

Chronic gingivostomatitis with esophagitis in cats. Kouki et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What proportion of cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis had gross esophagitis on endoscopy? How did salivary and esophageal lumen pH compare to control cats?
A
  1. 44/58 cats had proximal and 53/58 cats had distal esophagitis on endoscopy
  2. NSD in salivary or eosphageal luminal pH between FCG cats and healthy controls
501
Q

Chronic gingivostomatitis with esophagitis in cats. Kouki et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What proportion of biopsies from cats with FCG had inflammatory infiltrate noted within the lamina propria? Replacement of normal squamous epithelium with columnar?
A
  1. 25/25 biopsy specimens had inflammation
  2. 5 had columnar replacement
502
Q

Effect of laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy on gastrointestinal transit time in dogs. Balsa et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What effect did lap-assisted gastropexy have on gastric emptying time (GET), small and large bowel transit time (SLBTT) and whole-gut transit time (TTT) in healthy large breed dogs as assessed by wireless motility capsule?
A
  1. NSD in GET, SLBTT, and TTT before and after lap-assisted gastropexy
503
Q

Risk factors for death in dogs treated for esophageal foreign body obstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 222 cases (1998-2017). Burton et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What type of material was most common in canine esophageal foreign bodies? What location of obstruction was most common?
A
  1. Osseous (81%)
  2. Distal esophagus (50%)
504
Q

Risk factors for death in dogs treated for esophageal foreign body obstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 222 cases (1998-2017). Burton et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What effect did management strategy (endoscopic removal, surgery after attempted endoscopic removal, repeat endoscopy after surgery was recommended but declined) have on outcome in dogs with esophageal foreign body?
A
  1. Risk of death significantly higher for surgery (OR 20)
  2. All dogs that had repeat endoscopy after surgery was recommended died (5/5)
505
Q

Risk factors for death in dogs treated for esophageal foreign body obstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 222 cases (1998-2017). Burton et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What patient/procedural factors increased risk of in-hospital death in dogs with esophageal foreign body? What factor (surprisingly) did not affect risk of death?
A
  1. Increasing numbers of post-procedural complications OR 3.4
  2. Esophageal perforation OR 65
  3. Post-procedural esophageal hemorrhage OR 12
  4. Duration of clinical signs prior to removal did not affect risk of death
506
Q

Risk factors for death in dogs treated for esophageal foreign body obstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 222 cases (1998-2017). Burton et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What percentage of dogs who survived esophageal foreign body removal developed an esophageal stricture?
A
  1. 2.1%
507
Q

Thrombocytosis in 715 dogs (2011-2015). Woolcock et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What underlying diagnoses were found in dogs with thrombocytosis? What association between underlying diagnosis and severity of thrombocytosis was found?
A
  1. Neoplasia (55%); carcinoma most common (52% of neoplasias)
  2. Endocrine (12%); HAC 47%, DM 36%, hypothyroidism 32%
  3. Inflammatory 47%
    1. Immune mediated disease dogs had higher platelet counts compared to other inflammatory conditions
508
Q

Thrombocytosis in 715 dogs (2011-2015). Woolcock et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the association between glucocorticoid use and thrombocytosis in dogs?
A
  1. No significant difference in platelet count between dogs on GCs and the major disease categories
509
Q

Thrombocytosis in 715 dogs (2011-2015). Woolcock et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What association was found between platelet count and serum potassium concentrations? Plasma?
A
  1. Weak positive association b/w platelets & serum K; no association w/ plasma K
510
Q

Thrombocytosis in 715 dogs (2011-2015). Woolcock et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What is the proposed mechanism for inflammation causing a thrombocytosis?
A
  1. IL-6 promotes hepatic production of thrombopoietin
511
Q

Feline differential leukocyte count with ProCyte Dx: frequency and severity of a neutrophil-lymphocyte error and how to avoid it?

  1. What percentage of feline blood samples evaluated via ProCyte had a neutrophil-lymphocyte error? What was the error? Could the error flag reliably detect that the numbers should be rejected?
A
  1. 13% of feline blood samples
  2. Increased lymphocyte % and decreased neutrophil %
  3. No – have to look at the dot plot
512
Q

Antihistone antibodies in Dobermans with hepatitis. Dyggve et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What percentage of subclinically and clinically affected Dobermans with hepatitis had increased anti-histone antibodies? What percentage of healthy Dobermans?
A
  1. Subclinical: 92% had increased AHA
  2. Clinical: 85% had increased AHA
  3. Healthy controls: 0% had increased AHA
513
Q

Antihistone antibodies in Dobermans with hepatitis. Dyggve et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of an ELISA for anti-histone IgG to detect clinical or subclinical Doberman hepatitis?
A
  1. Sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 100%
514
Q

Antihistone antibodies in Dobermans with hepatitis. Dyggve et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What are the two proposed mechanisms for Doberman hepatitis?
A
  1. Copper mediated
  2. Auto-immune
515
Q

Antihistone antibodies in Dobermans with hepatitis. Dyggve et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What genetic mutation is associated with an increased risk for Doberman hepatitis?
A
  1. Homozygous for dog leukocyte antigen DRB*00601
516
Q

Opportunistic invasive cutaneous fungal infections associated with administration of cyclosporine to dogs with immune-mediated disease. McAtee et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the incidence of opportunistic invasive fungal infection in dogs with immune-mediated disease treated with immunosuppressive drugs?
A
  1. 13%
517
Q

Opportunistic invasive cutaneous fungal infections associated with administration of cyclosporine to dogs with immune-mediated disease. McAtee et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What risk factors were identified for developing an opportunistic invasive fungal infection in dogs with immune-mediated disease on immunosuppressives?
A
  1. Being male (OR 5)
  2. Being treated with cyclosporine (OR 7)
518
Q

Immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Galler et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What differences in peripheral lymphocyte cell surface markers were identified between dogs with IBD vs. healthy controls prior to treatment?
A
  1. IBD dogs had decreased % TCR delta gamma + T lymphocytes (3.32 vs. 0.97)
    1. If cause à loss of possible regulatory function of delta/gamma T lymphs
    2. If effect à delta/gamma are inflammatory and are homing to GI in larger #s
  2. IBD dogs had decreased CD21+ B cells (27.6 vs. 17.3)
    1. Inflammatory & homing to the gut in larger #s
519
Q

Immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Galler et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What differences in peripheral lymphocyte cell surface markers were identified in dogs with IBD before and after treatment?
A
  1. NSD in peripheral blood lymphocytes pre- and post-treatment
520
Q

Effects of Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 on Serum Creatinine Concentration and Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Nonazotemic Cats. Sigrist et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the effect of a median dose of 20 ml/kg/d over median of 4 days of 6% hetastarch administered to critically ill, non-azotemic cats on % change in serum creatinine and development of AKI?
A
  1. NSD in % change in creatinine or AKI development in cats that received HES vs. those that did not
  2. HES not a risk factor for AKI in multivariable logistic regression
521
Q

Effects of oral prednisone administration on serum cystatin C. Munoz et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the effect of 4 mg/kg x 7d exogenous prednisone administration PO to dogs with SRMA on serum cystatin C levels? What happened when the dose was reduced to 2 mg/kg? Withdrawn? How does this compare to cystatin C levels in dogs with PDH?
A
  1. 4 mg/kg pred significantly increased sCys-C levels from controls (0.4 vs. 0.18)
  2. Dose reduced to 2 mg/kg, sCys-C no longer different from controls (0.27)
  3. Reduced to baseline after pred d/c’d one week (0.15)
  4. PDH dogs also not significantly different from controls; similar to 2 mg/kg pred SRMA dogs (0.22)
522
Q

The frequency and clinical implications of bacteriuria in chronically paralyzed dogs. Baigi et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What proportion of paralyzed dogs (> 3 months) had bacteriuria (at least one positive urine culture)? What proportion experienced recurrence? Was bacteriuria associated with fever and survival?
A
  1. 35/47 dogs had at least 1 positive urine culture
  2. 13 had recurrent bacteriuria
  3. Fever, survival not associated with bacteriuria
523
Q

The frequency and clinical implications of bacteriuria in chronically paralyzed dogs. Baigi et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What urinalysis factors were associated with bacteriuria in chronically paralyzed dogs?
A
  1. Pyuria was significantly associated
  2. Cloudiness not associated
524
Q

Influence of various factors on circulating 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations in dogs with cancer and healthy dogs. Weidner et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the relationship between plasma iCa and 25(OH)D in dogs with OSA, LSA, or MCT? How did this differ for healthy dogs? What role did PTH play in this relationship?
A
  1. As iCa increased, 25(OH)D increased in dogs with OSA, LSA, or MCT.
  2. As iCa increased, 25(OH)D decreased in healthy controls
  3. Plasma PTH did not correlate to 25(OH)D
525
Q

Influence of various factors on circulating 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations in dogs with cancer and healthy dogs. Weidner et al. JVIM 2017.

What signalment factors were associated with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs?

A
  1. No association of age, sex, neuter status, body weight, BCS, MCS
526
Q

Influence of various factors on circulating 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations in dogs with cancer and healthy dogs. Weidner et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. How did type of cancer (OSA, LSA, MCT) change the relationship b/w 25(OH)D and iCa in dogs?
A
  1. At high-normal iCa values, OSA dogs had higher 25(OH)D than dogs with LSA, MCT
    1. Correlation still positive for all cancer types and negative for controls
527
Q

Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in meningiomas of dogs. Mandara et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What changes in matrix metalloproteinase and TIMP expression were noted in papillary meningioma vs. other meningioma grades?
A
  1. Papillary had higher MMP2 expression than all other grades
  2. Papillary had higher TIMP expression than grades 1, 3
  3. Papillary had 3.5x higher MMP/TIMP ratio
528
Q

Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid after intravenous administration of mycophenolate mofetil to healthy cats. Slovak et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. In cats administered mycophenolate mofetil 20 mg/kg IV as a 2-hour infusion every 12 hours, what range in AUC0-14h­ was observed? What clinical consequences might this have?
A
  1. AUC ranged from 6 to 50 h*mg/L after IV dosing
  2. Implies that clinical efficacy and toxicity risk might have high interindividual variability
529
Q

Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid after intravenous administration of mycophenolate mofetil to healthy cats. Slovak et al. JVIM 2017

  1. In cats administered mycophenolate mofetil 20 mg/kg IV as a 2-hour infusion every 12 hours, what adverse effects were noted?
A
  1. 2/6 cats developed transient large bowel diarrhea
530
Q

A 6-bp deletion variant in a novel canine glutathione-S-transferase gene leads to loss of enzyme function. Craft et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What gene was affected? What mutation? What effect? What breeds were overrepresented for the homozygous phenotype?
A
  1. GSTT5 gene; Asp129_Gnl130del mutation
  2. Purpose bred Beagle dogs; Pembroke Welsh Corgi
  3. 92% decrease in activity against an experimental substrate
531
Q

A 6-bp deletion variant in a novel canine glutathione-S-transferase gene leads to loss of enzyme function. Craft et al. JVIM 2017.

What is the purpose of glutathione-S-transferase?

A
  1. Conjugates glutathione to detoxify endogenous (lipid peroxidase) & exogenous toxins
532
Q

Fluoroscopic estimation of thoracic dimensional changes in healthy dogs. Chan et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What imaging modality allowed a non-invasive and repeatable measure of lung area changes in healthy dogs with respiration? What patient parameter must be taken into account to determine reference ranges for this modality?
A
  1. Fluoroscopy à % change in thoracic dimension
  2. Body weight
533
Q

Scintigraphic assessment of deposition of radiolabeled fluticasone delivered from a nebulizer and metered dose inhaler in 10 healthy dogs. Chow et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Which aerosol medication method delivered a higher percent of the dose of an inhaled corticosteroid to healthy dogs, metered-dose inhaler or nebulizer?
A
  1. Nebulizer (4.2%) > MDI (2.3%)
534
Q

Review: Effect of intravenously administered crystalloid solutions on acid-base balance in domestic animals. Muir, W. JVIM 2017.

  1. How do you calculate the anion gap?
A
  1. AG = Na + K – (Cl + HCO3-)
535
Q

Review: Effect of intravenously administered crystalloid solutions on acid-base balance in domestic animals. Muir, W. JVIM 2017.

  1. How do you calculate serum osmolality?
A
  1. Osm = 2*Na + glucose/18 + BUN /2.8
536
Q

Review: Effect of intravenously administered crystalloid solutions on acid-base balance in domestic animals. Muir, W. JVIM 2017.

  1. How do you calculate the apparent and effective strong ion difference?
A
  1. SIDa = (Na + K + Mg + Ca) – (Cl + lactate)
  2. SIDe = (HCO3 + Atot); Atot = albumin + phosphate
537
Q

Review: Effect of intravenously administered crystalloid solutions on acid-base balance in domestic animals. Muir, W. JVIM 2017.

  1. In the Stewart/physiochemical approach to acid base, what independent variables determine pH?
A
  1. PCO2 (lungs)
    1. More acidifies, less alkalinizes
  2. Strong ion difference (kidneys)
    1. More alkalinizes, less acidifies
  3. Total weak acids (liver & metabolism; albumin and phosphate)
    1. More acidifies, less alkalinizes
538
Q

Review: Effect of intravenously administered crystalloid solutions on acid-base balance in domestic animals. Muir, W. JVIM 2017.

  1. Why can an IV fluid’s in vitro SID change in vivo? How does in vivo SID determine the change in the patient’s pH?
A
  1. Buffered crystalloids contain metabolizable anions à disappear and increase SID
  2. SID < plasma [HCO3] à acidifying (pH decreases)
  3. SID > plasma [HCO3] à alkalinizing (pH increases)
539
Q

Review: Effect of intravenously administered crystalloid solutions on acid-base balance in domestic animals. Muir, W. JVIM 2017.

  1. What are the sodium, chloride, potassium, pH and SID of 0.9% NaCl, LRS, and NormR/Plyte-A?
A
540
Q

Portal vein/aorta ratio in dogs with acquired portosystemic collaterals. Sakamoto et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What differences in PV/Ao assessed via abdominal CT scan were found between healthy controls vs. dogs with portosystemic shunts secondary to chronic hepatitis, primary hypoplasia of the portal vein, and congenital EHPSS?
A
  1. PV/Ao similar b/w healthy controls and chronic hepatitis group (0.95 vs. 1.35)
  2. PV/Ao significantly smaller in dogs with PHPV (0.4) and C-EHPSS (0.3)
541
Q

Portal vein/aorta ratio in dogs with acquired portosystemic collaterals. Sakamoto et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Did PV/Ao correlate with splenic pulp pressure, another method for assessing portal hypertension in dogs?
A
  1. PV/Ao correlated moderately and positively with SPP overall, but not within diagnosis groups
542
Q

Development of a multivariate predictive model to estimate ionized calcium concentration from serum biochemical profile results in dogs. Danner et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What factors were included in the final predictive model for ionized calcium in dogs?
A
  1. Creatinine, albumin, tCa, phosphorus, Na, K, Cl, ALP, age
    1. tCa, albumin, chloride had highest impact
543
Q

Development of a multivariate predictive model to estimate ionized calcium concentration from serum biochemical profile results in dogs. Danner et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What were the sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model for ionized hyper and hypocalcemia in dogs? How did they compare to sensitivity & specificity of tCa by itself?
A
  1. Hypercalcemia: sensitivity 64%, specificity 99.6%
    1. As sensitive, more specific than tCa
  2. Hypocalcemia: sensitivity 22%, specificity 98%
    1. More sensitive and as specific as tCa
544
Q

Relationship between total homocysteine, folic acid, and thyroid hormones in hypothyroid dogs. Golynski et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Normal homocysteine metabolism in dogs?
A
  1. Homocysteine = endogenous sulfur-containing AA
    1. Created from conversion of methionine
  2. Most homocysteine is remethylated back to methionine or transsulfurated to cysteine
    1. Folic acid is a necessary substrate of the methylation reaction
    2. Cobalamin also necessary cofactor of methylation reaction
545
Q

Relationship between total homocysteine, folic acid, and thyroid hormones in hypothyroid dogs. Golynski et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. How did levels of homocysteine and folic acid compare b/w dogs with hypothyroidism and healthy controls? Did a correlation exist between homocysteine and thyroid hormones?
A
  1. HypoT had increased homocysteine (med 20) vs. controls (11.5)
  2. HypoT had decreased folate (med 20) vs. controls (med 30)
  3. In hypoT dogs, total homocysteine correlated negatively with folate, TT4, FT4
546
Q

Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of prevention of clindamycin-induced gastrointestinal signs using a synbiotic in healthy research cats. Stokes et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the effect of administration of a synbiotic (Proviable DC) 1 hour after PO clindamycin to healthy research cats on antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs?
A
  1. Cats that received the synbiotic had less vomiting, less anorexia than placebo
  2. Beneficial effects lasted at least 6 weeks after discontinuation
  3. No effect to decrease antibiotic-associated diarrhea
547
Q

Evaluation of gastric pH and serum gastrin concentrations in cats with CKD. Tolbert et al. JVIM 2017

  1. How did serum gastrin levels and intragastric pH compare between cats with CKD and healthy controls?
A
  1. NSD between gastrin levels in CKD cats vs. controls
  2. NSD in mean intragastric pH over 12 hours of continuous pH monitoring (1.6 vs. 1.8)
548
Q

Pre- and post-transfusion alloimmunization in dogs characterized by 2 antiglobulin-enhanced crossmatch tests. Goy-Thallot et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What percentage of dogs were found to have alloantibodies against RBC antigens before transfusion of DEA-1 type-matched blood? After transfusion of type-matched blood?
A
  1. 0% had naturally-occurring alloantibodies against canine RBC Ag before transfusion
  2. 44% became crossmatch-incompatible to DEA1 type-matched blood after transfusion
549
Q

Pre- and post-transfusion alloimmunization in dogs characterized by 2 antiglobulin-enhanced crossmatch tests. Goy-Thallot et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What recommendation was made based on study results?
A
  1. Cross-match any dog that has been previously transfused, regardless of DEA-1 typing
550
Q

Serum thymidine kinase 1, canine-C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, and vitamin D concentrations in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and polyarthropathy. Grobman et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What is haptoglobin? How does it change with hemolysis?
A
  1. Liver-produced protein that binds free hemoglobin (after hemolysis) & transports it to the liver for excretion
  2. Haptoglobin drops with hemolysis, because excretion rates increase
  3. Acute phase protein in dogs à goes up with inflammation
551
Q

Serum thymidine kinase 1, canine-C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, and vitamin D concentrations in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and polyarthropathy. Grobman et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What is thymidine kinase-1 and why might it be related to hemolytic conditions?
A
  1. TK1 is a biomarker for cell proliferation à increases with increased mitosis
  2. Increased activity in hemolysis à erythromagakaryocytopoiesis
552
Q

Serum thymidine kinase 1, canine-C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, and vitamin D concentrations in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and polyarthropathy. Grobman et al. JVIM 2017

  1. How did serum haptoglobin, thymidine kinase 1, and CRP change in dogs with well- vs. poorly-controlled IMHA, ITP, and IMPA? What combinations could be used as distinguishing tests, and what were their sensitivity and specificity?
A
  1. TK1 and CRP decreased in well-controlled IMHA
  2. CRP decreased in well-controlled IMPA
  3. Using TK1 and CRP together (I’m assuming poorly controlled if either is high): sensitivity 65%, specificity 100% for poor control of IMHA
553
Q

Cell-free DNA and DNase activity in dogs with IMHA. Jeffery et al. JVIM 2017

How did plasma cell-free DNA and DNase activity compare between IMHA dogs and controls?

A
  1. Cell-free DNA higher in cases vs. controls (med 45 ng/ml vs. 26 ng/ml)
  2. DNase activity not different between cases and controls
554
Q

Cell-free DNA and DNase activity in dogs with IMHA. Jeffery et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What association was found between plasma cell-free DNA and death in IMHA dogs? Risk of thrombosis?
A
  1. Upper quartile for cfDNA vs. lower 3 quartiles had 15x OR for death
  2. No association b/w cfDNA and thrombosis
555
Q

Association between gallbladder ultrasound findings and bacterial culture of bile in 70 cats and 202 dogs. Smith et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of an abdominal GB on AUS for detection of cats that will have a positive bile bacterial culture? For dogs? What AUS abnormality was most common for each?
A
  1. Cats: sensitivity 96%, specificity 49%; GB wall thickening (OR 6.3 for bactibilia)
    1. GB sludge also associated with bactibilia (OR 3.2)
  2. Dogs: sensitivity 81%, specificity 31%; GB sludge MC but not associated with bactibilia
556
Q

Association between gallbladder ultrasound findings and bacterial culture of bile in 70 cats and 202 dogs. Smith et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What percentage of patients that underwent cholecystocentesis experienced a complication?
A
  1. 3.4%
557
Q

Association between gallbladder ultrasound findings and bacterial culture of bile in 70 cats and 202 dogs. Smith et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What percentage of dogs and cats that had bile culture performed were positive? What bacterial isolates were most common?
A
  1. Cats: 33%; Dogs: 18%
  2. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus
558
Q

European veterinary renal pathology service: a survey over a 7-year period (2008-2015). Aresu et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What category of glomerular disease had higher protein loss (lower albumin, higher UPC) in dogs? What clinicopathologic variables could distinguish different disease categories?
A
  1. ICGN had lower albumin & higher UPC than non-ICGN or unspecified disease
    1. Particularly membranoproliferative ICGN
    2. Amyloid also had low albumin vs. other disease categories
  2. CPC values couldn’t distinguish disease categories due to significant overlap b/w groups
    1. ICGN had higher med BUN than non-ICGN
559
Q

European veterinary renal pathology service: a survey over a 7-year period (2008-2015). Aresu et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. The addition of transmission electron microscopy changed the final diagnosis in what proportion of dogs?
A
  1. 46/162 dogs (28%)
560
Q

European veterinary renal pathology service: a survey over a 7-year period (2008-2015). Aresu et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What proportion of dogs undergoing renal biopsy were diagnosed as having ICGN? Non?
A
  1. ICGN 51%
  2. Non-ICGN 36%
561
Q

Clinicopathologic features and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 24 cats with histopathologically confirmed neurologic feline infectious peritonitis. Crawford et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What is the most common infectious central nervous system disease in the cat? Median survival time? CSF findings?
A
  1. Feline infectious peritonitis
  2. Always fatal; MST 14 days
  3. Marked increase in TP (med 3.6, mean 9.4 g/dL) & TNCC (mean 196/uL) in all sampled cats
562
Q

Clinicopathologic features and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 24 cats with histopathologically confirmed neurologic feline infectious peritonitis. Crawford et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What three distinct clinical syndromes were identified in cats with CNS FIP?
A
  1. T3-L3 myelopathy
  2. Central vestibular syndrome
  3. Multifocal CNS disease
563
Q

Clinicopathologic features and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 24 cats with histopathologically confirmed neurologic feline infectious peritonitis. Crawford et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What MRI findings were identified in cats with CNS FIP?
A
  1. Meningeal & ependymal contrast enhancement
  2. Ventriculomegaly
  3. Syringomyelia
  4. Foramen magnum herniation
564
Q

A retrospective study on the safety and efficacy of leflunomide in dogs. Sato et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What adverse events could possibly be related to leflunomide administration in dogs, and how frequently did they occur? What factor was different between dogs that experienced adverse events and those that did not?
A
  1. Diarrhea (3.3%), lethargy (2.2%), unexplained hemorrhage (GI) (3.3%), thrombocytopenia (6.5%) and increased liver enzymes (6.3%)
  2. Median dose higher in dogs with adverse events (2.6 mg/kg/d vs. 1.6 mg/kg/d)
565
Q

A retrospective study on the safety and efficacy of leflunomide in dogs. Sato et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What percentage of treated dogs had an apparent positive response to leflunomide?
A
  1. 70.5%; not dose-dependent
566
Q

A retrospective study on the safety and efficacy of leflunomide in dogs. Sato et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What recommendation was made based on study results?
A
  1. Starting dose of 2 mg/kg/d, rather than recommended 3-4 mg/kg/d
567
Q

Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in clinical canine patients. Papich, M.G. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the recommended breakpoint for susceptibility of a bacteria to ciprofloxacin 25 mg/kg SID in dogs?
A
  1. 0.06 ug/ml; this dose of cipro had a 90% probability of attaining and AUC 100x greater than this MIC
568
Q

Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in clinical canine patients. Papich, M.G. JVIM 2017.

  1. What concerns exist about administration of ciprofloxacin to dogs?
A
  1. High inter-individual variability in oral bioavailability (30-98%)
569
Q

REVIEW: Classification of involuntary movements in dogs: myoclonus and myotonia. Lowrie, Garosi. JVIM 2017.

Proposed veterinary classification scheme for myoclonus in dogs?

A
  1. Epileptic myoclonus
    1. Lafora’s disease: Mini Wirehaired Dachshunds (EPM2B or NHLRC1)
    2. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: 9 different genes FFS
      1. PPT1, TPP1, CLN2, 5, 6, 8, CTSD, ATP13A2, ARSG
    3. Myoclonic epilepsy of unknown origin
  2. Nonepileptic myoclonus
    1. Canine distemper virus
    2. Startle disease: Irish Wolfhound & Lab puppies
      1. Microdeletions in GlyT2 gene (SLC6A5); autosomal recessive
    3. Hemifacial spasm
570
Q

REVIEW: Classification of involuntary movements in dogs: myoclonus and myotonia. Lowrie, Garosi. JVIM 2017.

  1. Proposed veterinary classification scheme for myotonia in dogs?
A
  1. Nondystrophic myotonia – chloride channel
    1. Myotonia congenita of the Mini Schnauzer: autosomal recessive CLC-1 mutation
    2. Myotonia congenita of other breeds
      1. Aus Cattle Dog, Jack Russel; also CLC-1 mutation
  2. Nondystrophic myotonia – sodium channel
    1. Paramyotonia congenita & HYPP not well described in dogs
    2. Potassium aggravated myotonia: cats
  3. Myotonic dystrophy
    1. Unknown mutation
  4. Treat with class I antiarrhythmic drugs
571
Q

The RAAS system in Greyhounds and Non-Greyhound Dogs. Martinez et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What CPC findings were different between Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds?
A
  1. Greyhounds had higher systolic blood pressure (151) and urinary albumin/FEalb­
  2. Greyhounds had higher creatinine (1.5 vs. 1), SDMA (16 vs 12), Na (149 vs. 148)
572
Q

The RAAS system in Greyhounds and Non-Greyhound Dogs. Martinez et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What RAAS peptides differed between Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds
A
  1. Plasma ALDO was lower (11 vs 15)
  2. ALDO/ACE was lower (2.5 vs. 4.9)
  3. Similar plasma renin and ACE activity
573
Q

Investigation of an NT-proBNP point-of-care ELISA in clinically normal cats and cats with cardiac disease. Harris et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of a POC ELISA for NT-proBNP in distinguishing cats with and without heart failure?
A
  1. Sensitivity 65%; specificity 100%
574
Q

Cardiac and metabolic variables in obese dogs. Tropf et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What metabolic derangements were identified in healthy small breed obese dogs compared to healthy controls? What was the effect of obesity on blood pressure?
A
  1. Increased insulin:glucose ratio, increased trig/chol, HDL, decreased adiponectin
  2. Increased IL-8 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine like inflammatory cytokines
  3. NSD in systolic blood pressure between groups
575
Q

Sensitivity and specificity of plasma ALT, ALP, and bile acids for hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers. Dirksen et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What were the sensitivity and specificity of ALT, ALP, and bile acids for detecting acute vs chronic hepatitis in clinically healthy Labrador Retrievers? Reactive vs. primary hepatitis?
A
  1. ALT: sensitivity 45% for acute, 71% for chronic; specificity >90% for both
  2. ALP: sensitivity 15% for acute, 35% for chronic; specificity >90% for both
  3. BA: sensitivity 15% for acute, 13% for chronic; specificity > 90% for both
  4. ALT significantly higher in primary hepatitis (312) than reactive (90); ALP NSD
576
Q

Sensitivity and specificity of plasma ALT, ALP, and bile acids for hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers. Dirksen et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What were the sensitivity and specificity of ALT, ALP, and bile acids for detecting acute hepatitis vs. normal liver in clinically healthy Labrador Retrievers? Chronic hepatitis? Reactive hepatitis?
A
  1. What were the sensitivity and specificity of ALT, ALP, and bile acids for detecting acute hepatitis vs. normal liver in clinically healthy Labrador Retrievers? Chronic hepatitis? Reactive hepatitis?
    1. ALT: sensitivity 45% for acute, 71% for chronic; spec 93% acute, 93% chronic
    2. ALP: sensitivity 15% for acute, 35% for chronic; spec 99% acute, 99% chronic
    3. BA: sensitivity 15% for acute, 13% for chronic; spec 90% acute, 90% chronic
    4. Sensitivity of ALT, ALP, and BA for distinguishing reactive hepatitis from normal liver were all < 10%; specificity all > 90% (best for ALP 99%)
    5. ALT SD, 3.6x higher in primary hepatitis (312) than reactive (90); ALP NSD
577
Q

Sensitivity and specificity of plasma ALT, ALP, and bile acids for hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers. Dirksen et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. How did ALT, ALP, and bile acids, and hepatic copper concentrations differ in Labrador Retrievers with normal livers, acute, chronic, and reactive hepatitis?
A
  1. Hepatic copper highest in acute (964 mg/kg dwl) & chronic (685); SD from NL, RH dogs
  2. NSD in ALT, ALP, or BA b/w dogs with normal (< 400) vs. increased hepatic copper
578
Q

Breed, coat color, and hair length as risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats. Crossley et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What purebred cats had decreased risk of hyperthyroidism compared to the DSH? In nonpurebreds, what appearance factors influenced hyperthyroid risk?
A
  1. Burmese, Tonkinese, Persian, Siamese, Abyssinian, British Shorthair had decreased risk
  2. Longhaired cats at increased risk; coat color & pattern not associated
579
Q

Chronic diarrhea in dogs – retrospective study in 136 cases. Volkmann et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What percentage of dog with chronic diarrhea had a primary GI cause? Within those dogs, what percentage had IBD (FRE, idiopathic, ARE)? Infectious and neoplastic causes?
A
  1. 90% primary GI (EPI most common 2o GI cause)
  2. 71% inflammatory – 66% FRE, 23% idiopathic, 11% ARE
  3. 13% infectious
  4. 4% neoplastic
580
Q

Chronic diarrhea in dogs – retrospective study in 136 cases. Volkmann et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What percentage of dogs had clinical remission? What conditions and CPC findings were associated with poor responders?
A
  1. 87% clinical remission
  2. Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasia frequent in non-responders
  3. Increased disease severity, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, severe hypocobalaminemia
581
Q

Evaluation of serum 3-bromotyrosine concentrations in dogs with steroid-responsive diarrhea and food-responsive diarrhea. Sattasathuchana et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What associations were identified between peripheral eosinophil counts, serum 3-bromotyrosine, and type of diarrhea in dogs? How did 3-BrY correlate with clinical score
A
  1. No association b/w peripheral eosinophilia and FRD, SRD
  2. No association b/w peripheral eosinophilia and serum 3-BrY
  3. 3-BrY higher in SRE (3.27) than FRE (0.99); higher in FRE than controls (0.62)
  4. No correlation b/w 3-BrY and clinical score
582
Q

Use of a granulocyte immunofluorescence assay designed for humans for detection of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in dogs with chronic enteropathies. Florey et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What were the sensitivity and specificity of a granulocyte assay designed for human pANCA/cANCA to distinguish FRE dogs from healthy controls and dogs with SRE?
A
  1. Sensitivity 61%, specificity 100%
583
Q

Whole-blood taurine concentrations in cats with intestinal disease. Kathrani et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What changes in whole-blood taurine concentrations were identified in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy or intestinal neoplasia were identified?
A
  1. Whole-blood taurine was within the reference interval in all cats
  2. Cats with large intestinal signs had lower taurine than cats with small- or mixed bowel signs
584
Q

Whole-blood taurine concentrations in cats with intestinal disease. Kathrani et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What associations between whole-blood taurine and type of intestinal disease, clinical score, and CPC variables were identified in cats with chronic enteropathy/intestinal neoplasia?
A
  1. No difference b/w cats with CE vs. neoplasia, appetite changes, weight loss vs. stable weight, duration of signs, diarrhea vs. normal feces
  2. No associations were found b/w taurine and cobalamin, folate, albumin, duration of signs, FCEAI, BCS or age at diagnosis
585
Q

Prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in SoCal dogs with clinical and laboratory abnormalities consistent with immune-mediated disease. Kidd et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the prevalence of vector-borne pathogen exposure or infection in dogs with suggestive clinical signs in southern California? What species were most common? What testing modifications increased detection?
A
  1. 33%
  2. Ehrlichia, Babesia
  3. Convalescent serology, repeating PCR, and using novel PCR gene targets
586
Q

Hyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia diagnosed with ROTEM in dogs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum. Sigrist et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What percentage of dogs infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum had ROTEM evidence of hyperfibrinolysis and severe hypofibrinogenemia? What treatments were effective in improving coagulopathy? % survival, and was survival affected by bleeding diathesis?
A
  1. Hyperfibrinolysis in 67%; severe hypofibrinogenemia in 60%
  2. TXA and fresh frozen plasma
  3. 67% survival to discharge; survival not affected by clinical signs of bleeding.
587
Q

Efficacy of azithromycin and compounded atovaquone for treatment of Babesia gibsoni in dogs. Kirk et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the % success of a protocol of azithromycin (10 mg/kg PO SID) with compounded atovaquone (13 mg/kg PO TID with a fatty meal) x 10 days for treatment of Babesia gibsoni in dogs?
A
  1. 93% of treated dogs had two negative PCR tests 30 days apart
588
Q

Effects of benazepril on survival of dogs with CKD: a multicenter, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. King et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the effect of administration of benazepril 0.25-0.5 mg/kg vs. placebo SID for up to two years in dogs with CKD on renal survival time? On proteinuria?
A
  1. No effect of benazepril on renal survival time overall or in proteinuric dogs
    1. UNDERPOWERED for subgroup analysis
  2. Proteinuria significantly lower in benazepril-treated dogs
589
Q

Effects of benazepril on survival of dogs with CKD: a multicenter, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. King et al. JVIM 2017.

hat two factors were significantly associated with risk of treatment failure in CKD dogs?

A
  1. Increase plasma phosphate and protein
590
Q

Paroxysmal dyskinesia in Border Terriers: Clinical, epidemiological, and genetic investigations. Stassen et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What were characteristic clinical signs of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Border terriers? What therapy(ies) were beneficial? What genes were involved?
A
  1. Falling over, dystonia, muscle fasciculations (NOT loss of consciousness)
  2. Dystonia: disturbance in muscle relaxation after voluntary contraction of percussion which improves with continued activity
  3. Anti-epileptic therapy beneficial in 29/43; hypoallergenic gluten-free diet in 15/15
  4. No genetic mutations identified in GWAS
591
Q

Intranasal Midazolam versus Rectal Diazepam for the Management of Canine Status Epilepticus: A Multicenter Randomized Parallel‐Group Clinical Trial. Charalambous et al. JVIM 2017

  1. Which was better at terminating status epilepticus in dogs: intranasal or rectal midazolam?
A
  1. Intranasal (stopped it in 70% vs. 20% of dogs)
592
Q

Evaluation of weight change during carboplatin therapy in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Story et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What change in weight was identified during treatment? What factors impacted survival?
A
  1. NSD in weight over the course of treatment
  2. No factors impacted survival, including weight, sex, ALP
593
Q

Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability of Orally Administered Innovator‐Formulated Itraconazole Capsules and Solution in Healthy Dogs. Hasbach et al. JVIM 2017

  1. How did ADME compare between commercially available capsule and solution formulations of itraconazole in healthy dogs? What dose recommendation was made?
A
  1. Capsule 85% bioavailable compared to solution; variable absorption
  2. Overall drug concentrations similar; half lives both 33h
  3. Dose recommendation: 20 mg/kg load, then 10 mg/kg SID for both formulations
594
Q

REVIEW Feline temporal lobe epilepsy: Review of the experimental literature. Kitz et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What is the sequential progression in temporal lobe epilepsy in cats?
A

Attention response -> arrest -> salivation/licking -> facial twitching -> head turning/nodding -> generalized clonic convulsions

595
Q

Plasma NT-proBNP, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cardiac troponin I as novel biomarkers of hypertensive disease and target organ damage in cats. Bijsmans et al. .JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the clinical utility of NT-proBNP, VEGF, and cTnI in detecting hypertension in cats? What recommendation was made?
A
  1. Although VEGF and NTproBNP increased in cats with ocular TOD, no test had sufficient AUC to function as a diagnostic test.
  2. Continue to use persistent increases in systolic blood pressure and fundoscopy, rather than NT-proBNP, VEGF, or cTnI to diagnose feline hypertension
596
Q

NT-proBNP and phonocardiography in differentiating innocent cardiac murmurs from congenital cardiac anomalies in asymptomatic puppies. Marinus et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What differences in NT-proBNP were found between healthy puppies and puppies with innocent murmurs? Between puppies with cardiac anomalies and innocent murmurs?
A
  1. NSD b/w puppies without murmurs and with innocent murmurs
  2. NT-proBNP significantly higher in puppies with cardiac anomalies (med 1102 vs. 326) but lots of overlap
    1. Some puppies with severe PS did not have high NT-proBNP levels
597
Q

NT-proBNP and phonocardiography in differentiating innocent cardiac murmurs from congenital cardiac anomalies in asymptomatic puppies. Marinus et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What changes in phonocardiography were noted in puppies with cardiac anomalies?
A
  1. Longer murmur to systole ratio (> 80% very likely to be anomalous)
  2. Higher murmur to S1 amplitude ratio
  3. Anomalous murmurs longer and louder than innocent ones
598
Q

Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular size and function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Visser et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Were differences noted in right ventricular size and systolic function in cats with CHF + HCM? In cats with asymptomatic HCM?
A
  1. Right heart size (R atrial diameter, RV free wall thickness, RVID) increased in CHF + HCM vs controls
  2. RV function (RV fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) decreased in CHF + HCM
  3. In subclinical HCM, only RVFWd was significantly higher than controls (29% higher than RR)
599
Q

Association b/w survival time and changes in NT-proBNP in cats treated for congestive heart failure. Pierce et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the association between NT-proBNP at CHF diagnosis, at discharge from the hospital, and at 7-10 day re-evaluation in cats treated for CHF on survival? What other patient factors impacted survival?
A
  1. Cats with a larger % decrease in NT-proBNP from CHF diagnosis to hospital discharge had longer survival (overall MST 109 days)
  2. Cats with CHF at re-evaluation and whose owners had trouble giving meds had shorter survival
600
Q

Clinical characteristics of adult dogs more than 5 years of age at presentation for patent ductus arteriosus. Boutet et al JVIM 2017.

  1. What is the typical median age at presentation for dogs with PDA?
A
  1. < 6 months
601
Q

Clinical characteristics of adult dogs more than 5 years of age at presentation for patent ductus arteriosus. Boutet et al JVIM 2017.

  1. In adult dogs diagnosed with PDA, is pulmonary hypertension a contraindication to closure? Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration?
A
  1. PH is not a contraindication as long as complete right-to-left shunting hasn’t occurred
  2. MMVD is not a contraindication to closure
602
Q

Mitral annular plane systolic excursion and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Spalla et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What are the MAPSE and TAPSE measures of?
A
  1. Measures of L and R heart longitudinal systolic dysfunction
603
Q

Mitral annular plane systolic excursion and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Spalla et al. JVIM 2017

  1. How did the MAPSE and TAPSE change in cats with HCM? Association with survival?
A
  1. MAPSE, TAPSE highest in controls, lower in asymptomatic HCM, lowest in HCM-CHF
  2. Shorter survival in cats with lower MAPSE (both IVS and FW) and TAPSE
604
Q

Assessment of lung ultrasound B-lines in dogs with different stages of chronic valvular heart disease. Vezzosi et al. JVIm 2017

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound/B-line assessment for detecting pulmonary edema in dogs with valvular heart disease? PPV and NPV?
A
  1. Sensitivity 90%, specificity 93%
  2. PPV 86%, NPV 95%
605
Q

Effects of levothyroxine administration and withdrawal on the hypothalamic-pituatary-thyroid axis in euthyroid dogs. Ziglioli et al. JVIM 2017

  1. How did levothyroxine supplementation to euthyroid dogs affect TT4, FT4, T3, and TSH? How quickly did dogs’ TT4, FT4, and TSH return to baseline levels after 8 weeks of levothyroxine supplementation? After 16 weeks?
A
  1. Levo supplementation led to decreased TSH, increased FT4 & TT4, and no change in T3 compared to baseline
  2. After 8 and 16 weeks of supplementation, TT4, FT4, TSH returned to baseline within 1 week
606
Q

Biological variability in serum cortisol concentration post-adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in healthy dogs. Gal et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the critical difference in cortisol levels for ACTH stimulation in healthy dogs? Was there a sex difference?
A
  1. Critical difference was 3.3 ug/dL
  2. Mean cortisol higher in males vs. females (13.3 vs. 11.5)
607
Q

Thyroid cysts in cats: A retrospective study of 40 cases. Miller et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What percentage of cats with thyroid cysts were hyperthyroid? In cats treated with I-131, what percentage of cats had hyperthyroidism resolve post-treatment? What percentage had cyst resolution?
A
  1. 93% of cats with thyroid cysts were hyperthyroid
  2. 92% euthyroid post-I-131; 50% of cysts resolved
    1. Resolution more likely in cysts < 8 cm3 (62%) than > 8 cm3 (36%)
608
Q

Thyroid cysts in cats: A retrospective study of 40 cases. Miller et al. JVIM 2017

  1. In cats with cystic thyroid masses surgically excised, what histopathologic diagnoses were made? What serious post-operative complication resulted in euthanasia of 3/8 cats?
A
  1. Cystadenoma in 50%, carcinoma in 50%
  2. Post-operative hypocalcemia (all had bilateral thyroid involvement)
609
Q

Therapy of canine hyperlipidemia with bezafibrate. De Marco et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What percentage of hypertriglyceridemic dogs treated with 4-10 mg/kg SID bezafibrate had normalization of triglycerides after 30 days? What percentage of hypercholesterolemic dogs had normalization of cholesterol?
A
  1. 91% of hypertriglyceridemic dogs; 67% of hypercholesterolemic digs
    1. TG decrease greater in dogs with primary vs. secondary hyper TG
610
Q

Therapy of canine hyperlipidemia with bezafibrate. De Marco et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What adverse effects were observed with 4-10 mg/kg SID bezafibrate x 30 days in dogs?
A
  1. No adverse effects
  2. ALT significantly decreased over the course of treatment
611
Q
  1. Mechanism of action of bezafibrate?
A
  1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist
  2. Increase lipoprotein lipase-mediated lipolysis, cellular FA uptake, beta oxidation
  3. Induces synthesis of major HDL lipoproteins, apoA-1 and apoA-2
  4. Lowers apoC-III production & reduces VLDL secretion
612
Q

Effect of intravenous or perivascular injection of synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone on stimulation test results in dogs. Johnson et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the effect on perivascular vs. IV injection of synthetic ACTH on ACTH stimulated cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs? Dogs with trilostane-treated HAC?
A
  1. NSD in post-ACTH injection IV vs. PV in either healthy or trilostane-treated HAC dogs
613
Q

Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in cats during anesthesia and effect of omeprazole on gastric pH. Garcia et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the effect of 1.45-2.2 mg/kg PO omeprazole 18-24 h and 4h pre-anesthesia on mean gastric pH in cats undergoing anesthesia? On serum gastrin levels?
A
  1. Mean gastric pH higher in omeprazole (7.2) vs. placebo (2.8)
  2. NSD in serum gastrin
614
Q

Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in cats during anesthesia and effect of omeprazole on gastric pH. Garcia et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What percentage of cats experienced one or more episodes of gastro-esophageal reflux during general anesthesia?
A
  1. 33%
615
Q

Pharmacokinetics and acid suppressant efficacy of esomeprazole after intravenous, oral , and subcutaneous administration to healthy Beagle dogs. Hwang et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the effect of esomeprazole 1 mg/kg SC, PO, and IV on MPT3 and MPT4 in healthy dogs?
A
  1. IV: MPT3 59%, MPT4 41%
  2. SC MPT3 76%, MPT4 63%
  3. PO: MPT3 88%, MPT4 83%
  4. Baseline: MPT3 12%, MPT4 4%
616
Q

Prevalence and mode of inheritance of the Dal blood group in dogs in North America. Goulet et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Most dogs are DAL+, and the danger lies in infusing DAL+ blood to a sensitized DAL- dog. What breeds had a high prevalence of DAL- dogs? Did DAL­- dogs have Dal+ alloantibodies if they did not have a transfusion history?
A
  1. Dalmatians: 12%; Dobermanns: 42%; Shih Tzus: 57%
    1. Sporadically in MBDs, Lhasa Apso, Bichon Frise
  2. No Dal- dogs without a transfusion history had Dal alloantibodies
617
Q

Prevalence and mode of inheritance of the Dal blood group in dogs in North America. Goulet et al. JVIM 2017.

What percentage of canine blood donors were found to be Dal-?

A
  1. 2.4%
618
Q

Prevalence and mode of inheritance of the Dal blood group in dogs in North America. Goulet et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What is the mode of inheritance of the Dal+ phenotype?
A
  1. Autosomal dominant
619
Q

Factors affecting platelet concentration in platelet concentrates from canine blood donors. Raleigh et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What donor factors were associated with platelet concentrate platelet counts in dogs?
A
  1. Predonation platelet count, lipemic index, phosphorus all positively associated
620
Q

Hepatic and plasma endothelin-1 in dogs with chronic hepatitis. Sakamoto et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. How did plasma and hepatic ET-1 mRNA expression and concentrations differ in dogs with chronic hepatitis compared with controls? What association was found between plasma ET-1 and splenic pulp pressure?
A
  1. Hepatic mRNA expression 3.7x higher in CH dogs
  2. CH dogs had higher median hepatic [ET-1] (13.2 vs 3.4) and plasmat [ET-1] (0.99 vs. 0.71)
  3. Weak positive correlation b/w plasma ET-1 and splenic pulp pressure
621
Q

Washout ratio in the hepatic vein measured by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to distinguish between inflammatory and noninflammatory hepatic disorders in dogs. Morishita et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What is the “washout ratio” in this study? How did washout ratio compare b/w dogs with hepatitis vs. other liver conditions? What was the sensitivity and specificity of a washout ratio < 37.1% to distinguish hepatitis from PHPV, CPSS, controls, and other hepatopathy?
A
  1. Washout ratio = percent intensity decrease from peak to end of the study
  2. Washout ratio is lower in dogs with CH than PHVP, CPSS, other hepatopathy, and controls
  3. Washout ratio < 37.1% had 100% sensitivity, 85% specificity to predict hepatitis
622
Q

Interobserver agreement using histological scoring of the canine liver. Lidbury et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What levels of interobserver agreement were found between pathologists evaluating fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in H&E stained sections of canine liver? Did picosirius red staining change mean fibrosis score assigned?
A
  1. Fair agreement for fibrosis; poor agreement for necroinflammatory activity
  2. No difference in assigned fibrosis scores b/w H&E and picosirius red stained sections
623
Q

Fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations in dogs with CKD. Harjes et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What differences in plasma FGF-23 concentrations were identified in dogs with increasing IRIS CKD stage? What associations were identified between FGF-23 and serum creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, and PTH?
A
  1. FGF-23 was significantly higher in dogs with 3-4 CKD vs. 1-2 (2302 & 7733 vs. 338 & 336)
  2. Strong positive correlation b/w FGF-23 and creatinine, FGF-23 and PTH
  3. Moderate positive correlation b/w FGF-23 and phosphorus
  4. No correlation b/w FGF-23 and total or ionized calcium
  5. Creatinine, phosphorus were independent predictors of FGF-23
624
Q

Plasma SDMA concentration in dogs with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Dahlem et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What differences were found between AKI and CKD dogs in SDMA and creatinine?
A
  1. SDMA could not differentiate between AKI and CKD, but was higher in AKI & CKD vs. controls
  2. SDMA/creatinine was higher in AKI dogs, but with significant overlap
625
Q

Cardiac troponin I and NT-proBNP in dogs with stable CKD. Pelander et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What adjustments must be made in the interpretation of cTnI and NT-proBNP in dogs with stable CKD compared to dogs without CKD?
A
  1. cTnI and NT-proBNP were not associated with GFR à don’t accumulate in CKD dogs
  2. No adjustments to interpretation in dogs with stable CKD
626
Q

Prognostic factors associated with recovery of ambulation and urinary continence in dogs with acute lumbosacral spinal cord injury. Shaw et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. How did prognosis for regaining urinary continence and ambulation compare in dogs with L4-S3 lesions compared with T3-L3 lesions?
A
  1. Fewer dogs with LS lesions regained urinary continence; NSD in regaining ambulation
627
Q

Prognostic factors associated with recovery of ambulation and urinary continence in dogs with acute lumbosacral spinal cord injury. Shaw et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What were negative prognostic indicators for regaining urinary continence in dogs with L4-S3 lesions?
A
  1. Absent deep pain, lower motor neuron incontinence, and noncompressive lesions
628
Q

Prognostic factors associated with recovery of ambulation and urinary continence in dogs with acute lumbosacral spinal cord injury. Shaw et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What were negative prognostic indicators for regaining ambulation in dogs with acute L4-S3 lesions?
A
  1. Absent deep pain and being a large nonchondrodystrophic breed
629
Q

Spinal Arachnoid Diverticula: Outcome in 96 Medically or Surgically Treated Dogs. Mauler et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Is surgical or medical management superior in the management of spinal arachnoid diverticula in dogs?
A
  1. Surgical treatment
630
Q

Comparative Assessment of the Accuracy of Cytological and Histologic Biopsies in the Diagnosis of Canine Bone Lesions. Sabattini et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. How did the accuracy of cytology and histopathology compare in the diagnosis of canine bone lesions?
A
  1. Accuracy similar, including for determination of tumor type (about 83% accurate)
  2. No benign lesion was misclassified as malingnant on cytology
631
Q

Alternating Rabacfosadine/Doxorubicin: Efficacy and Tolerability in Naïve Canine Multicentric Lymphoma. Thamm et al. JVIM 2017.

How did the alternating rabacfosadine/doxo protocol compare to standard of care CHOP protocols in terms of progression free survival, treatment visits, and adverse events?

A
  1. Similar PFI to CHOP (194 days overall; 216 for complete and 63 for partial responders)
  2. RAB/DOX protocol had fewer treatment visits than CHOP
  3. Most adverse effects mild & self-limiting; two dogs developed pulmonary fibrosis
632
Q

GUIDELINES: Lappin et al. Antimicrobial Use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats. JVIM 2017.

  1. Most common secondary bacterial infections in feline upper respiratory tract disease?
A
  1. Staph, strep, Pasteurella, E. coli, anaerobes
633
Q

GUIDELINES: Lappin et al. Antimicrobial Use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats. JVIM 2017.

  1. What diagnostics and treatment are NOT recommended for acute bacterial respiratory tract infection in cats?
A
  1. Nasal cytology, aerobic bacterial culture of nasal secretions, Mycoplasma culture/PCR, diagnostics for feline herpesvirus/calcicivirus/C felis
  2. Antimicrobials not recommended if discharge is serous, or if mucopurulent but < 10 days
634
Q

GUIDELINES: Lappin et al. Antimicrobial Use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats. JVIM 2017.

  1. When should you use antimicrobials to treat suspect bacterial upper respiratory infection in a cat? What should you use? What is not recommended?
A
  1. Treat if: fever, lethargy, anorexia, persistent mucopurulent discharge
  2. Doxy x 7-10 days is first line; can use amoxicillin if Mycoplasma, Chlamydia not suspected
    1. Cefovecin inferior to amoxy/doxy & not recommended
635
Q

GUIDELINES: Lappin et al. Antimicrobial Use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats. JVIM 2017.

  1. What are the recommendations for treatment of chronic feline bacterial upper respiratory infection?
A
  1. Work up to identify primary causes first! If 1o identified, reserve Abx for severe signs
  2. If culturing, use nasal lavage or brush cytology, not secretions!
  3. Antimicrobial ideally selected based on C&S; amoxy/doxy are first line empirical
  4. Fluoroquinolones, azithro only if amoxy/doxy not viable options or based on C&S
    1. Azithro only if C felis not suspected; don’t use for immunomodulation only
  5. Pseudomonas: only believe if isolated in pure or nearly pure culture; Tx based on C&S
  6. Logistics: treat 7d; if improvement, continue 1 wk past resolution or plateau
    1. Recurrence: treat 7-10 with same antibiotic; switch if no improvement in 48h
636
Q

GUIDELINES: Lappin et al. Antimicrobial Use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats. JVIM 2017.

  1. Etiologic agents in the canine infectious respiratory disease complex? When to use antimicrobials and which ones?
A
  1. Viral: adenovirus 2, distemper, resp coronavirus, influenza, parainfluenza, herpes, pneumovirus
  2. Bacterial: Bordetella, S. equi ssp zoo (if hemorrhagic pneumonia), Mycoplasma
  3. Antimic if: fever, lethargy, anorexia, persistent mucopurulent discharge
    1. Doxy first line (if no pneumonia); amoxi or amoxi-clav if doxy not an option
637
Q

GUIDELINES: Lappin et al. Antimicrobial Use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats. JVIM 2017.

  1. Recommendations for bronchitis in dogs and cats?
A
  1. Rule out non-infectious & non-bacterial infections: TXR, fluoro, CT, HW test, fecal/Baermann, laryngeal exam
  2. Airway wash if no other cause found: Mycoplasma & aerobic C&S, cytology
  3. No antimicrobial therapy before C&S confirmation of bacteria unless severe signs
    1. 7-10d of doxy if you are going to treat with Abx à 1 wk past resolution of signs
638
Q

GUIDELINES: Lappin et al. Antimicrobial Use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats. JVIM 2017.

  1. Recommendations for bacterial pneumonia in dogs and cats?
A
  1. Ideally C&S of airway wash, but not always feasible; start Abx quickly if sepsis
    1. Consider blood cultures if can’t sample airway
    2. Consult microbiologist/pulmonologist for interpretation of wash samples
  2. Empiric therapy while waiting for C&S results recommended
    1. Doxy if suspected Bordetella or Mycoplasma (boarding, shelter)
    2. Beta-lactam or 1st gen cephalosporin for asp pneum (or no Abx)
    3. Sepsis: fluoroquinolone + drug w/ gram+ & anaerobic coverage
    4. NO empiric azithromycin for uncomplicated pneumonias
  3. De-escalate based on C&S if possible; continue successful drugs if no sampling
  4. Re-eval 10-14 days & extend or d/c based on signs, CBC, TXR
639
Q

GUIDELINES: Lappin et al. Antimicrobial Use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats. JVIM 2017.

  1. Bacteria in canine and feline pyothorax?
A
  1. Cats: oropharyngeal anaerobes -> Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Bacteroides, Peptostrep, Clostridium, Actinomyces
  2. Dogs: anaerobes: Prevotella, Peptostrep, Propionibacterium, Clost, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium
640
Q

GUIDELINES: Lappin et al. Antimicrobial Use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats. JVIM 2017.

  1. Treatment recommendation for canine and feline pyothorax?
A
  1. Continuous chest tube drainage +/- surgical lavage/debride
  2. Parenteral fluoroquinolone + penicillin or clindamycin pending C&S
    1. MUST HAVE ANAEROBIC COVERAGE
    2. Tx 4-6 weeks
641
Q

Markers of oxidative stress in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease are influenced by sex, neuter status, and serum cholesterol concentration. Reimann et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What associations between plasma oxidative stress markers and stage of MMVD were identified in dogs? What other associations were identified?
A
  1. No association between any marker of oxidative stress and MMVD stage
  2. All markers positively associated with serum cholesterol
    1. Malondialdehyde, oxidized LDL, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol
  3. Plasma g-tocopherol higher in neutered dogs; oxLDL lower in females
642
Q

Balloon Valvuloplasty of Tricuspid Stenosis: A Retrospective Study of 5 Labrador Retriever Dogs. Lake-Bakaar et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Should balloon valvuloplasty be considered as a treatment option for dogs with severe tricuspid valve stenosis? What should you warn owners about?
A
  1. Yes, but clinical signs can recur
  2. R-CHF due to worsened tricuspid regurgitation happened in 1/5 dogs
643
Q

Efficacy of a low-dose (2 millicurie) vs. standard-dose (4 millicurie) radioiodine treatment for cats with mild-to-moderate hyperthyroidism. Lucy et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. How did the incidence of persistent hyperthyroidism, azotemia, and hypothyroidism compare between cats with T4 from 4-13 ug/dl treated with 2- vs. 4-millicurie I-131 protocols?
A
  1. NSD in persistent hyperthyroidism (0% vs. 3.3% 6 months post)
  2. Overt & subclinical hypothyroidism incidence higher in 4-miCu cats
    1. Overt: 18% vs. 1%; subclinical: 46% vs. 21%
  3. NSD in azotemia incidence, but high-dose cats had higher creatinine and % rise in creatinine
    1. Also azotemia almost sig dif at 6 months (46% vs. 29%)
644
Q

Clinical relationship between cholestatic disease and pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs: a retrospective case series. Kim et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What were the differences in management features, CPC findings, and patient factors between dogs with trilostane-controlled Cushing’s disease and GB mucocele vs. cholestasis vs. normal GB?
A
  1. GBM dogs had higher incidence of abdominal distention, alopecia, and lethargy
  2. GBM dogs had higher pre-treatment ACTH stim cortisol & higher trilostane dose requirements (2.5x normal GB group)
  3. 93% of dogs in the GBM group had increased cholesterol and GGT (SD)
645
Q

The canine POMC gene, obesity in Labrador Retrievers, and susceptibility to diabetes mellitus. Davidson et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. A 3bp deletion in the POMC gene is linked to obesity and increased appetite in Labrador Retrievers. What association was found between the presence of this mutation and diabetes mellitus in Labs?
A
  1. No association b/w this mutation and DM
646
Q

Association of hypercalcemia before treatment with hypocalcemia after treatment in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism. Dear et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What were the findings? What recommendation is made?
A
  1. Significant association between higher pre-operative iCa and proportion of dogs with post-Sx iCa < 1.00
  2. Dogs with “higher” initial iCa concentrations should be treated to prevent rapid decline and development of clinical hypocalcemia
647
Q

Pasireotide long-acting release treatment for diabetic cats with underlying hypersomatotropism. Gostelow et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the effect of pasireotide 6-8 mg/kg SC q 1 month in cats with diabetic hypersomatotropism (acromegaly) x 6 months on IGF-1 concentrations? Insulin resistance Index? Insulin dose? Mean fructosamine and mean blood glucose?
A
  1. 3/8 cats entered diabetic remission
  2. Significant decreases in IGF-1, insulin resistance index (fructosamine x insulin dose), and insulin dose
  3. NSD in mean fructosamine or mean blood glucose
648
Q

Pasireotide long-acting release treatment for diabetic cats with underlying hypersomatotropism. Gostelow et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What adverse events were associated with pasireotide in cats with diabetic hypersomatotropism?
A
  1. Diarrhea, hypoglycemia, worsening polyphagia
649
Q

Pasireotide long-acting release treatment for diabetic cats with underlying hypersomatotropism. Gostelow et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Mechanism of action of pasireotide?
A
  1. Somatostatin analogue à inhibits basal & GHRH-stimulated GH secretion
    1. Also inhibits TSH, insulin, glucagon, gastrin secretion
650
Q

Applicability of 99mTc-Labeled human serum albumin scintigraphy in dogs with PLE. Englemann et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. How many PLE dogs had exudation of the radiolabeled albumin into the GI tract?
A
  1. 5/8; 2 focal small intestinal & 3 diffuse small intestinal exudation
651
Q

Histopathologic characteristics of intestinal biopsy samples from dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy with and without hypoalbuminemia. Wennogle et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What differences in intestinal histopathologic findings were identified in dogs with CIE with vs. without hypoalbuminemia?
A
  1. Hypo dogs more likely to have villous blunting, lacteal dilation, epithelial injury, and crypt distension; more likely to have intraepithelial lymphs, lamina propria neuts
  2. Higher scores for each of these histopath criteria associated with lower serum albumin
652
Q

Efficacy of a probiotic-prebiotic supplement on incidence of diarrhea in a dog shelter: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rose et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the effect of administration of a synbiotic (E. faecium, fructo-oligosaccharide, and acacia) to shelter dogs on percentage of diarrhea days, occurrence of diarrhea w/in 1st 14 days, and occurrence of > 2 consecutive days of diarrhea?
A
  1. Decreased % diarrhea days (3.2 vs. 2%)
  2. Decreased occurrence of diarrhea in 1st 14 days (27% vs. 19%)
  3. Decreased occurrence of > 2 days of diarrhea (8 vs. 4.6%)
653
Q

Standardization of a videofluoroscopic swallow study protocol to investigate dysphagia in dogs. Harris et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What differences in swallow study metrics were found among age groups in healthy dogs?
A
  1. No differences in any swallow study metric with age
654
Q

Standardization of a videofluoroscopic swallow study protocol to investigate dysphagia in dogs. Harris et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What observations were noted in normal dogs on VFSS that are usually associated with pathology?
A
  1. Gastric reflux, esophageal retention, retrograde flow, and bolus discohesion
655
Q

Validation of ultrasonography for assessment of gastric emptying time in healthy cats by radionuclide scintigraphy. Husnik et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What imaging modality showed good correlation to scintigraphy for assessment of gastric emptying times in cats? What was the mean gastric emptying time assessed by scintigraphy?
A
  1. Ultrasound (motility index of antral contractions)
  2. 288 minutes (4.8 hours)
656
Q

Blood transfusions in dogs and cats receiving hemodialysis: 230 cases (June 1997 – September 2012). Langston et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What percentage of cats and dogs undergoing hemodialysis received blood products? Effect on outcome?
A
  1. 87% of cats, 32% of dogs
  2. # of transfusions associated with increased likelihood of death in dogs but not cats
657
Q

Effects of leukoreduction and storage on erythrocyte phosphatidylserine expression and eicosanoid concentration in units of canine packed red blood cells. Muro et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the effect of leukoreduction, storage, and simulated transfusion on phosphatidylserine concentrations in canine pRBC units? On eicosanoids?
A
  1. NSD in PS concentrations after leukoreduction, storage, or simulated transfusion
  2. LR caused immediate increase in thromboxane A2 and PGF2alpha that normalized with storage
  3. NSD in arachidonic acid, other prostaglandins, leukotriene B4
658
Q

Effects of leukoreduction and storage on erythrocyte phosphatidylserine expression and eicosanoid concentration in units of canine packed red blood cells. Muro et al. JVIM 2017

  1. Significance of phosphatidylserine in stored RBCs?
A
  1. PS is a normal component of RBC membranes, but usu confined to the inner membrane leaflet
  2. Aged/damaged RBCs, PS translocates to the cell surface à signals mononuclear phagocytes to remove the cell
  3. PS expression would lead to decreased lifespan of transfused RBCs
659
Q

Thromboelastography in dogs with chronic hepatopathies. Fry et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What TEG and PT/PTT changes were seen in dogs with portal hypertension?
A
  1. Lower G, MA, and angle; prolonged K, R, and PT (all consistent with hypocoagulable)
660
Q

Thromboelastography in dogs with chronic hepatopathies. Fry et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. In dogs with chronic hepatopathy, how many were classified as hyper, hypo, and normocoagulable based on TEG G value?
A

9/21 normo, 7/21 hyper, 5/21 hypocoagulable

661
Q

Thromboelastography in dogs with chronic hepatopathies. Fry et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What TEG values differed in dogs with chronic hepatopathy vs. healthy controls?
A
  1. Increased R and K times; increased LY30%, decreased angle
662
Q

Urethral stenting for obstructive uropathy utilizing digital radiography for guidance: feasibility and clinical outcome in 26 dogs. Radhakrishnan, A. JVIM 2017

  1. Can urethral stenting be successfully performed minimally-invasively using digital radiography rather than fluoroscopy?
A

Yes

663
Q

Changes in serum creatinine concentration and acute kidney injury grade in dogs treated with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 from 2013 to 2015. Sigrist et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What associations between development of AKI and administration of hydroxyethyl starch were identified in hospitalized dogs?
A
  1. # of days receiving HES was associated with an increase in AKI grade w/in 10 days
  2. HES exposure, HES ml/kg/d not associated with increase in AKI grade
664
Q

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in 163 neutered female dogs: diagnosis, treatment, and relationship of weight and age at neuter to development of disease. Byron et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What management strategies to reduce USMI risk were identified?
A
  1. In dogs > 25kg, a decrease in USMI hazard (OR < 0.89) was identified for each month of delay in neutering up to one year of age
665
Q

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in 163 neutered female dogs: diagnosis, treatment, and relationship of weight and age at neuter to development of disease. Byron et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the median time between neuter and onset of incontinence?
A
  1. 3.73 years
666
Q

Urinary F2-isoprostanes in cats with IRIS stage 1-4 CKD. Whitehouse et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What correlation was found between the oxidative stress marker urinary F2 isoprostane (to creatinine ratio) in cats with increasing stages of CKD?
A
  1. IRIS I had significantly higher UF2-isoprostanes; UF2-iso decreased with increasing IRIS stage.
667
Q

Urinary F2-isoprostanes in cats with IRIS stage 1-4 CKD. Whitehouse et al. JVIM 2017.

What correlation was found between the oxidative stress marker urinary F2 isoprostane (to creatinine ratio) in cats with increasing stages of CKD?

A
  1. IRIS I had significantly higher UF2-isoprostanes; UF2-iso decreased with increasing IRIS stage.
668
Q

Urinary F2-isoprostanes in cats with IRIS stage 1-4 CKD. Whitehouse et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Was urinary F2 isoprostane associated with hypertension or proteinuria?
A
  1. No; NSD in UF2-iso b/w hypertensive & non, proteinuric & non
  2. No correlation between UF2-iso and systolic blood pressure or UPC
669
Q

How to interpret an iron panel?

A
670
Q
  1. What breeds are associated with microcytosis?
A
  1. Abyssinian cats
  2. Akitas, Siberian Huskies, Shiba Inu, SharPei
671
Q
  1. Explain the interaction between serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, transferrin?
A
  1. Serum iron = iron in blood bound to transferrin
  2. Transferrin = binding protein for iron so it can’t act as a free radical
  3. Total iron binding capacity = surrogate for transferrin + apotransferrin
    1. % saturation = serum iron/TIBC
  4. Ferritin = intracellular but accessible storage form of iron (hemosiderin not accessible)
672
Q

Acute phase proteins and iron status in cats with CKD. Javard et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What is hepcidin?
A
  1. Acute phase protein; freely filtered at the glomerulus so may accumulate in CKD
  2. Downregulates expression of ferroportin, the membrane iron transport protein
  3. Increased hepcidin traps iron inside reticuloendothelial cells & limits intestinal iron absorption
673
Q

Acute phase proteins and iron status in cats with CKD. Javard et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What was the association between acute phase proteins, iron status, EPO concentrations, and survival in CKD cats?
A
  1. No correlation of APP, iron status, or EPO concentrations with survival
674
Q

Acute phase proteins and iron status in cats with CKD. Javard et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What differences/associations were identified b/w CKD cats and controls in acute phase proteins and iron status?
A
  1. Acute phase proteins SAA and hepcidin higher in CKD group; both correlated positively with creatinine
    1. higher hepcidin correlated with lower HCT
  2. Mean total iron and TIBC lower in the CKD group
675
Q

Chronic kidney disease in cats and the risk of total hypercalcemia. Van den Broek et al. JVIM 2017

  1. Do cats with CKD have an increased risk of total hypercalcemia?
A
  1. Yes; HR 4.3
676
Q

Chronic kidney disease in cats and the risk of total hypercalcemia. Van den Broek et al. JVIM 2017

  1. What were the sensitivity and specificity of total hypercalcemia to predict ionized hypercalcemia in CKD and nonazotemic cats? What factor was associated with underestimation of ionized hypercalcemia by total hypercalcemia?
A
  1. CKD: Sensitivity 28%, specificity 99.6%
  2. Nonazotemic: Sensitivity 9%, specificity 100%
  3. Lower venous bicarbonate increased the risk that total calcium would underestimate ionized calcium
677
Q

The use of darbepoetin to stimulate erythropoiesis in the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease in dogs. Fiocchi et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What percentage of dogs achieved a PCV > 30%? What percentage had an increase of > 10% in their PCV? What factor was associated with having a > 10% PCV increase?
A
  1. 85% of dogs had PCV > 30
  2. 67% of dogs had > 10% increase in PCV
  3. Higher starting dose associated with achieving increase of > 10%
678
Q

The use of darbepoetin to stimulate erythropoiesis in the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease in dogs. Fiocchi et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the median time to achieve a PCV > 30%? What was the maximum dosing interval that maintained PCV in dogs?
A
  1. Med 29 days to achieve PCV > 30%
  2. No dog maintained with a dosing interval above 21 days
679
Q

The use of darbepoetin to stimulate erythropoiesis in the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease in dogs. Fiocchi et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What potential adverse events were noted?
A
  1. Hypertension requiring treatment 12/33
  2. PRCA (possible) in 2/33 (6%)
  3. Vomiting, diarrhea, seizures
680
Q

Quantification of urine elimination behaviors in cats with a video recording system. Dulaney et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Were caregiver impressions and video quantification similar for number of urinations per day, urination time, and cover-up time in cats?
A
  1. Caregivers underestimated # of urinations per day and mean cover up time, but did not underestimate urination time
  2. Cats with abnormal urinary behavior had higher # of urinations per day, which was not detected by caregivers
  3. Cats with abnormal urinary behavior had a shorter mean cover-up time which was not detected by caregivers
681
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy as a Diagnostic Marker of Canine Degenerative Myelopathy. Toedebusch et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the sensitivity and specificity of CSF phosphorylated neurofilament heavy for detection of DM in dogs? Could serum pNF-H detect DM?
A
  1. Sensitivity 80%; specificity 94%
  2. NSD in serum pNF-H b/w control and DM affected dogs
682
Q

Performance of 4 point of care screening tests for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. Levy et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Considering the assumed prevalence of 1-5% for FELV/FIV in the population, what concerns exist about POC assays for FELV/FIV? Which performed best?
A
  1. Even though all tests except the VetScan had specificity > 90% for both, prevalence is low enough that most positives on POC assays will be false positives
  2. SNAP test performed best for FELV (sens & spec 100%) (VetScan was worst, sens & spec 85%); NSD for FIV
683
Q

Degenerative valvular disease in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Results of the UK Breed Scheme 1991-2010. Swift et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Were GPs or cardiologists able to detect murmurs at a younger age in CKCS? Did sex play a role?
A
  1. Cardiologists detected murmurs at a younger age (7 vs. 8 years)
  2. GPs detected more murmurs in female dogs with time, but not in male dogs
684
Q

Blood pressure measurements in 780 apparently healthy cats. Payne et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the mean and IQR for systolic blood pressure in healthy cats assessed via Doppler sphygmomanometry? What factors were associated with a higher blood pressure
A
  1. 120 mmHg (110-132)
  2. Increasing age, male sex, neutered status, increased nervousness, history of stray
685
Q

Environmental risk factors for diabetes mellitus in cats. Ohlund et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What behavioral and dietary factors were associated with development of diabetes mellitus in cats?
A
  1. Indoor only, “greedy eater”, overweight, and eating primarily dry food (in normal weight cats)
686
Q

Increased leptin and leptin receptor expression in dogs with gallbladder mucocele. Lee et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What differences in serum and tissue leptin and leptin receptor expression were identified between dogs with GB mucocele vs. those without? Dogs with GMB that went to surgery vs. those that didn’t?
A
  1. Serum leptin higher in dogs with GBM (med 7) vs. w/o (2.2); higher in dogs that went to surgery (12) vs. not (5)
  2. mRNA expression for leptin and its receptor higher in tissues of dogs with GBM
  3. No difference in serum leptin in dogs with GBM with and without endocrinopathy
687
Q

Hemostatic findings in ascitic fluid: a cross-sectional study in 70 dogs. Zola et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Did the type of ascites (hemorrhagic, effusive, decr. oncotic pressure, incr. hydrostatic pressure) influence fibrinogen, FDPs, and D-dimer content?
A
  1. No
688
Q

Hemostatic findings in ascitic fluid: a cross-sectional study in 70 dogs. Zola et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What hemostatic differences were identified in ascitic fluid compared to plasma in dogs? Significance?
A
  1. Ascitic fluid had lower fibrinogen, higher FDPs, and higher D-dimers than plasma
  2. Evidence of coagulation and fibrinolysis in almost all canine ascitic fluid
689
Q

Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction tests for detection of feline immunodeficiency virus. Nichols et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What level of agreement was identified between POC ELISA FIV tests and PCR (whole blood)?
A
  1. All 4 cases where ELISA was – and PCR +, PCR was false + (virus isolation gold std)
  2. In 7 cases where ELISA+, PCR-, 5/7 were ELISA false +
690
Q

Effect of cranberry extract on the frequency of bacteriuria in dogs with acute thoracolumbar disk herniation: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Olby et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Was there a benefit of administration of cranberry extract to dogs with acute thoracolumbar disk herniation in preventing bacteriuria?
A
  1. No; no difference in bacteriuria incidence or E. coli incidence
  2. No difference in anti-adhesion activity between groups, but dogs with anti-adhesion activity had significantly fewer positive E. coli cultures
691
Q

Hemorrhagic, hemostatic, and thromboelastometric disorders in 35 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis: A prospective study. Barthelemy et al. JVIM 2017.

How many dogs were classified as hyper-, hypo-, and normocoagulable on TEM? How were TEM profiles associated with clinical parameters and survival?

A
  1. 14/35 normo, 14/35 hyper, 7/35 hypo;
  2. hypo had more hemorrhagic diatheses & higher mortality rate (21% in hyper, 57% in hypo)
    1. DIC not a prognostic factor
692
Q

Hemorrhagic, hemostatic, and thromboelastometric disorders in 35 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis: A prospective study. Barthelemy et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What CBC/hemostatic differences were identified between dogs with leptospirosis with bleeding diatheses vs. those without bleeding diatheses?
A
  1. Lower platelet counts, increased D dimers
693
Q

Results of Screening of Apparently Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs. Willems et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. Mean systolic blood pressure in clinically healthy senior and geriatric dogs? Frequency of borderline and overt proteinuria?
A
  1. 170 mmHg
  2. 13/97 borderline, 18/97 overtly proteinuric
694
Q

Proteinuria in apparently healthy elderly dogs: persistency and comparison between free catch and cystocentesis urine. Marynissen et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What percentage of apparently healthy elderly dogs (classification based on body weight) had persistent proteinuria (either borderline or overt)?
A
  1. 19% had persistent UPC > 0.2; persistent overt proteinuria in 8%
695
Q

Proteinuria in apparently healthy elderly dogs: persistency and comparison between free catch and cystocentesis urine. Marynissen et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What was the agreement between free-catch and cystocentesis UPC in apparently healthy elderly dogs?
A
  1. NSD between the two methods, but variability increases with magnitude of UPC
696
Q

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in cats with naturally-occurring chronic kidney disease. Wang et al. JVIM 2017.

  1. What differences between cats with CKD and healthy controls were identified in urinary NGAL concentrations were identified? Sensitivity and specificity of NGAL to predict CKD progression?
A
  1. CKD had higher uNGAL and uNGAL/uCr vs. controls
  2. Sensitivity for detection of progression was 77% for both uNGAL and uNGAL/uCr
  3. Specificity for detection of progression 75% for uNGAL, 79% for uNGAL/uCr
    1. Cutoffs: 2.06 ng/ml uNGAL, 4.08 x 10-6 uNGAL/uCr
697
Q
A