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ACVIM Reading List > Kirks And Ettinger COPY > Flashcards

Kirks And Ettinger COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Which neoplasia can result in bilateral symmetrical alopecia?

A

Sertoli cell tumor

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2
Q

Guanidine contrast can be use to highlight which neoplasia?

A

Pheochromocytoma

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3
Q

Hypotension refractory to fluid resuscitation should make you think of what?

A

Circi

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4
Q

What are the 3 ways to diagnose CIRCI?

A
  • ACTH stimulation below references range
  • post ACTH cortisol < 5% basal
  • delta < 3
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5
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter can be seen in which 2 breeds?

A

Fox terrier and rat terrier

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6
Q

Which 2 breeds are predisposed to hypothyroidism?

A

Golden (as soon as 2 y/0) and Doberman

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7
Q

Which 2 breeds are predisposed to myxedema stupor?

A

Rottweiler and Doberman

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8
Q

Which thyroid hormone is the most protein bound?

A

T4

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9
Q

Which thyroid hormone results in renal artériole dilation?

A

T3

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methimazole?

A

Inhibit thyroid peroxidase ( delay of 2-4 weeks given the presence of preformed hormones)

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11
Q

Name 4 other anti thyroid medication?

A

1- propylthiouracil
2- carbimazole
3- b- blocker (inhibit conversion of T4 to T3)
- iopanoic acid

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12
Q

I-131 concentrate in thyroid gland and emits _____

A

B particles

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13
Q

What is the renal glucose threshold in dogs ?

A

180-220

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14
Q

What should the nadir be in dogs with DM ?

A

80-150

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15
Q

What is the best type of diet for cats with DM?

A

High proteins, low carbohydrates

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16
Q

Which protein stimulate endogenous insulin the most in cats?

A

Arginine

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of insulin associated with higher chances of remission?

A

Glargin

Detemir

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18
Q

why do diabetes results in neuropathy? in cataracts ?

A
  • Accumulation of fructose in nerves results in demyelination
  • Accumulationof sorbitol within the lens
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19
Q

Which ketones does dipstick measure?

A

acetone and acetoacetate

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20
Q

Why electrolytes are decrease in DKA ?

A

Potassium, phosphorus and magnesium

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21
Q

At which dose of insulin should we consider insulin resistance ?

A

1.5 UI/kg

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22
Q

What are the 3 diseases that results in severe insulin resistance ?

A

HAC, acromegaly and diestrus

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23
Q

What are the 2 etiologies of hypersomatotropism ?

A

Acidophilic hyperplasia and pituitary adenoma

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24
Q

In regards to testing for Cushing disease, ACTH stimulation is more ____ whereas LDDST is more ____

A

Specific

Sensitive

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25
What is the mechanism of action of mitotane
Necrosis of the zona fasciculata and reticularis
26
What is the mechanism of action of trilostane ?
Competitive inhibitor of steroid synthesis by blockin 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
27
Why drug can interact with trilostane ?
Spironolactone
28
Ectopic ACTH syndrome is associated with which 2 diseases ?
Lung carcinoma | Neuroendocrine tumors
29
Secondary hypoadrenocorticism results in atrophy of ____
the zone fasciulata
30
Primary hyperaldosteronism results in hyperfunction of _____
zone glomerulosa
31
What is the medical management of hyperaldosteronism ?
Amlodipine, spironolactone and K+ supplementation
32
What is the mechanism of action of biphosphate ?
Binds to hydroxyapatite = reduce activity and number of osteoclasts
33
What is the main function of magnesium ?
synthesis, degradation and stabilization of ATP
34
What is the main reservoir of potassium ?
Skeletal muscles
35
What is the main regulatory organ of potassium ?
Kidneys
36
Who does hypokalemia affects the renal tubule ?
Decrease responsiveness to ADH
37
How does niacin affect lipidemia ?
Reduce TG synthesis
38
When do signs of hyposomatotropism are seen in cats ? dogs?
1-2 months | 2-5 months
39
Neoplastic transformation of acidophils in the anterior pituitary results in ___
Hypersomatotropism
40
What is the medical treatment for hypersomatotropism?
pasireotide
41
which dog breed is predisposed to acromegaly and pituitary dwarfism?
German Shepherd
42
Pituitary dwarfism results in deficiencies of which 3 hormones ?
GH, TSH and prolactin and gonadotropin | ACTH is intact
43
Which drugs can be use for GH stimulation ?
GHRH or alpha-adrenergic (xylazine)
44
Which mutation can be detected in dogs with dwarfism?
LHX3
45
What treatment can be use for pituitary dwarfism in dogs ?
Porcine GH Progestins Thyroid supplements
46
Which dog breed is predisposed to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Male siberian huskies (decreased binding activity)
47
DDAVP is a _____
V2 receptor agonist
48
What is the role of PTHrp
Calcium homeostasis in the fetus
49
Why do hyperparathyroidism results in PU/PD
Calcium antagonizes effects of vasopressin
50
Primary hyperparathyroidism is genetic in which breed
Keeshond
51
What is the mechanism of action of biphosphonate?
Inhibits osteoclast
52
Thyroid hormone synthesis is catalyzed by ___
enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO)
53
which hormone promotes iodide trapping in thyroid?
TSH
54
Where is the lesion associated with the 3 form of hypothyroidism?
- Primary: thyroid gland - Secondary: pituitary gland - Tertiary: hypothalamus
55
Which breed is predisposed to neuromuscular signs when affected by hypothyroidism?
Labrador
56
Exercise induced hyperkalemia can be related to which hormonal disease ?
Hypothyroidism
57
Epiphyseal dysgenesis of veterbral bodies and long bones can be seen in which feline hormonal disease?
Congenital hypothyroidism
58
Decrease afferent arteriolar resistance and increased hydrostatic pressure lead to _____
Increased glomerular filtration rate
59
What stimulation test can be use to diagnosed hypothyroidism. In dogs ? In cats ?
TSH stimulation | T3 supression testing
60
Thyroid carcinoma can originate from two types of cell. Which ones ?
``` Follicular cells (most common): stain for thyroglobulin Medullary cells (C cells): stain for calcitonin ```
61
What hormones are stimulated in face of hypoglycemia?
Glucagon, cathecolamines, glucocorticoid, GH
62
Which medical/chemotherapy can be use with insulinoma ?
Steptozocin; destroy beta cells in pancreatic or metastatic location
63
which medication can help hypoglycemia when seen with insulinoma?
Prednisone Diazoxide (inhibit closure of pancreatic beta cell ATP-dependant K+ channels = inhibit depolarization) Octreotide (inhibit insulin secretion)
64
Pre-diabetes condition in dogs correspond to ___
Loss of fast phase insulin response
65
First-to-go insulin in dogs?
Intermediate acting (NPH, vetsulin)
66
Which 2 insulin are slow-absorbed (peakless) ?
Detemir and glargine
67
Which type of nephropathy is associated with diabetes?
Membranous glomerulonephropathy
68
Why does a low carbohydrate diet increases the risks of remission in cats?
Reduces demand on pancreatic beta-cells to produce insulin
69
CRH is inhibited by which 2 hormones ?
GC and somatostatin
70
Which part of the anterior pituitary produce ACTH ?
Pars distalis
71
LDDST with a V pattern is consistent with ___ hyperadrenocorticism
PDH
72
Is PU/PD a feature of cats with HAC?
no, unless CKD or DM
73
Progestin secreting tumor will results in
signs of cortisol excess with normal ACTH stimulation
74
Gastrin release from gastrinoma can be induce with which 2 molecules?
Calcium and secretin
75
Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from ___ cells of the ___
chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
76
Cathecolamine are synthesize from which amino acid?
tyrosine
77
Which contrast media should be use to detect adrenal tumors ?
Guanidine (non-ionic based)
78
Which is the optimal diagnostic for pheochromocytoma?
urinary NMN to creatinine ratio or urinary cathecolamine

ACVIM Reading List (27 decks)

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