Nutri Gastro Module Flashcards
are tubes made up of plastic materials which are inserted through the nares
to pass through the posterior oropharynx, down the esophagus, and finally into the stomach
(Sigmon & An, 2021).
Nasogastric Tubes
NGT serve other purposes such as:
- Gavage
- Lavage
-Decompression
to administer feeding formula or medications to patients that are unable to
tolerate oral intake
Gavage
to immediately drain out stomach contents. This is usually done if the patient
has ingested toxic substances such as poison or corrosive fluids.
Lavage
to prevent distention by continuously evacuating stomach contents
Decompression
- A Single- lumen (only one hole) tube primarily used for feedings
-The most prominent feature of this tube is its orange cap which can accommodate the
tip of the asepto syringe
Levin Tube
Levin Tube is measured in
French (FR)
- Double- lumen (Two holes) tube mainly used for decompression.
-Blue pigtail serves as air vent that prevents adherence of the tube to the gastric mucosa. If the
tube adheres to the wall of the stomach, suction will be ineffective.
Salem-Sump Tube
This tubes may serve similar purposes as nasogastric tubes, but they are longer
since the tip of the tube reaches the intestinal tract, specifically the small intestine.
Naso-Intestinal Tubes
What are the two most commonly used naso-intestinal tubes?
-Cantor tube
-Miller- abbot Tube
Single- lumen tube with a reservoir for 5 to 10 mL of mercury located at its tip, below the
level of the drainage holes.
Cantor Tube
Double- lumen nasoenteric tube used for decompression
Miller-Abbot Tube
General nursing interventions for naso- intestinal tubes:
After insertion of naso- intestinal tubes, turn patient to the RIGHT side. This facilitates passage
of tube to the duodenum.
is a method of giving nutrition directly into the gastrointestinal tract when the
patient cannot take in food by mouth (Fischer et al., 2013)
Enteral Feeding
Also called gastric gavage
Nasogastric Tube Feeding
Position for nasogastric tube feeding
Semi-fowlers to high-fowlers position
NGT Placement
- X-ray- BEST method
o Check pH of Gastric secretions (Should be acidic with pH of 1-3) o Note color of
aspirate (greenish or yellowish)
o Introduce 10 mL of air into NGT and auscultate epigastric area for gurgling sound
A procedure in which an opening is created into the stomach either for the purpose of
administering nutrition, fluids, and medications via a feeding tube, or for gastric
decompression
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)
Preferred way of enteral feeding for nutritional support of greater than 4 weeks
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)
A surgically placed opening in the jejunum for the purpose of administering nutrition,
fluids, and medications
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Refers to a method of providing nutrients to the body by an intravenous (IV)
route, by passing the gastrointestinal tract.
Parenteral Nutrition
Primary purpose: to administer glucose
Total Parenteral Nutrition
is a solution used to distend the intestine and irritate intestinal mucosa which
increases peristalsis and the excretion of feces and flatus
Enema
Used to evacuate fecal matter
Cleansing Enema
- Given to cleanse as much of the colon as possible
- Height of solution is 12 to 18 inches
- Initially, the patient lies in left lateral position the moves into dorsal recumbent and
finally assumes right lateral position. This allows the solution to follow the entire course
of the large intestines
High cleansing enema
Given to cleanse the rectum and sigmoid colon only
- Height of solution is 3 inches
- Position: left lateral position throughout the procedure
Low cleansing enema
Primarily given to expel flatus
- Small volume (60 to 80 mL) of enema solution is given to distend rectum and colon, thus
stimulating peristalsis
Carminative enema
are used to treat local infections in the anorectal and/or
sigmoid area
Antibiotic Retention Enemas
Are used to kill worms and intestinal parasites
Anthelminthic Retention ENemas
Used to expel flatus and relieve abdominal distention
- 100 to 200 mL of enema solution is introduced into the rectum and sigmoid colon. Then, the
fluid is drawn out by lowering the container below the level of the bowel. This brings the flatus
out with the fluid.
