AMD & CONJUNCTIVITIS Flashcards
Happens when aging causes irreversible damage to the macula (portion of the retina that processes sharp, clear, and straight-ahead vision)
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in older adults
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Risk Factors of Age-related Macular Degeneration
-Age (Increasing)
- Family History
- Iris is light colored
- Smoking
-Long-term UV exposure
- Increased BMI
- Far sightedness
- Elevated CRP
Responsible for central vision
Macula
Two types of AMD
- Dry AMD
- Wet AMD
Non-exudative Type
Dry AMD
Exudative Type
Wet AMD
-most common
- outer layers of the retina slowly breakdown followed by appearance of drusen
Dry AMD
Tiny, yellow spots
Drusen
-More severe form
- More rapid onset and is characterized by the development of abnormal blood vessels in or near the macula
-Stimulate vasoproliferation
Wet AMD
It promotes neovascularization and stimulates vasoproliferation
Vasoendothelial growth factor (VEGF)
What is the characteristics of DRY AMD?
DRUSEN
Manifestation of DRY AMD
Metamorphopsia
Characteristics of Wet AMD
Neovascularization
Manifestation of WET AMD
Central Scotoma
Blind Spot
Central Scotoma
What is the Diagnostic of AMD?
Amsler Grid Test
Used to detect presence or progression of visual distortions in AMD cases
Amsler Grid Test
Distortion of Vision
Metamorphopsia
Blind spots in the visual field
Central Scotoma
Medical Management of DRY AMD
No known management
Medical Management of WET AMD
VEGF Inhibitor
-Ranibizumab (Lucentis)
- Bevacizumab (Avastin)
Given intravitreally
is the inflammation of the conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis
What is the etiology of conjunctivitis?
Bacterial
- Streptococcus Pneumoniae
- Staphylococcus aureus
Viral
-Adenovirus
What is the Mode of Transmission of Conjunctivitis?
Direct Contact
Clinical Manifestations of Bacterial Conjunctivitis
-Conjunctival hyperemia
- Acute onset of redness, burning sensation, and discharge
- Exudates which are usually present on waking in the morning
- Difficulty opening the eyes
What is the Management of Bacterial Conjunctivitis?
-Antibiotic therapy, as ordered
-First-line: Aminoglycosides
-Second-line: Fluoroquinolones
Highly contagious from 10 to 12 days from onset
Viral Conjunctivitis
Self-limiting x 2-4 weeks
Viral Conjunctivitis
It usually follows URTI
Viral Conjunctivitis
Clinical Manifestations of Viral Conjunctivitis
-Conjunctival hyperemia
- Watery eye discharge
- Extreme photophobia
- Tearing, redness, and foreign-body sensation
A highly contagious viral conjunctivitis
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
Easily transmissible among household members, schoolchildren, and health care workers
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
Prevalent during summertime when people use swimming pools
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
Clinical Manifestations of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
-Conjunctival hyperemia (redness of the eye)
- Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy
- Periorbital pain
Prevention of Viral Conjunctivitis
- Good hand hygiene
- Avoid touching the eyes
- Avoid sharing towels, linens, and cosmetics
Medical Management of Viral Conjunctivitis
-Isolate the patient
- Instruct to discontinue contact lenses until manifestations resolves
- Cold compress on affected eye
- Artificial tears may be used to relieve sandy sensation on eyes
- Antihistamines, as ordered for severe itching
