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MS 2 > AMD & CONJUNCTIVITIS > Flashcards

AMD & CONJUNCTIVITIS Flashcards

1
Q

Happens when aging causes irreversible damage to the macula (portion of the retina that processes sharp, clear, and straight-ahead vision)

A

Age-related Macular Degeneration

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2
Q

Most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in older adults

A

Age-related Macular Degeneration

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3
Q

Risk Factors of Age-related Macular Degeneration

A

-Age (Increasing)
- Family History
- Iris is light colored
- Smoking
-Long-term UV exposure
- Increased BMI
- Far sightedness
- Elevated CRP

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4
Q

Responsible for central vision

A

Macula

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5
Q

Two types of AMD

A
  1. Dry AMD
  2. Wet AMD
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6
Q

Non-exudative Type

A

Dry AMD

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7
Q

Exudative Type

A

Wet AMD

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8
Q

-most common
- outer layers of the retina slowly breakdown followed by appearance of drusen

A

Dry AMD

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9
Q

Tiny, yellow spots

A

Drusen

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10
Q

-More severe form
- More rapid onset and is characterized by the development of abnormal blood vessels in or near the macula
-Stimulate vasoproliferation

A

Wet AMD

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11
Q

It promotes neovascularization and stimulates vasoproliferation

A

Vasoendothelial growth factor (VEGF)

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12
Q

What is the characteristics of DRY AMD?

A

DRUSEN

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13
Q

Manifestation of DRY AMD

A

Metamorphopsia

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14
Q

Characteristics of Wet AMD

A

Neovascularization

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15
Q

Manifestation of WET AMD

A

Central Scotoma

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16
Q

Blind Spot

A

Central Scotoma

17
Q

What is the Diagnostic of AMD?

A

Amsler Grid Test

18
Q

Used to detect presence or progression of visual distortions in AMD cases

A

Amsler Grid Test

19
Q

Distortion of Vision

A

Metamorphopsia

20
Q

Blind spots in the visual field

A

Central Scotoma

21
Q

Medical Management of DRY AMD

A

No known management

22
Q
A
23
Q

Medical Management of WET AMD

A

VEGF Inhibitor
-Ranibizumab (Lucentis)
- Bevacizumab (Avastin)
Given intravitreally

24
Q

is the inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

Conjunctivitis

25
Q

What is the etiology of conjunctivitis?

A

Bacterial
- Streptococcus Pneumoniae
- Staphylococcus aureus

Viral
-Adenovirus

26
Q

What is the Mode of Transmission of Conjunctivitis?

A

Direct Contact

27
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A

-Conjunctival hyperemia
- Acute onset of redness, burning sensation, and discharge
- Exudates which are usually present on waking in the morning
- Difficulty opening the eyes

28
Q

What is the Management of Bacterial Conjunctivitis?

A

-Antibiotic therapy, as ordered
-First-line: Aminoglycosides
-Second-line: Fluoroquinolones

29
Q

Highly contagious from 10 to 12 days from onset

A

Viral Conjunctivitis

30
Q

Self-limiting x 2-4 weeks

A

Viral Conjunctivitis

31
Q

It usually follows URTI

A

Viral Conjunctivitis

32
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Viral Conjunctivitis

A

-Conjunctival hyperemia
- Watery eye discharge
- Extreme photophobia
- Tearing, redness, and foreign-body sensation

33
Q

A highly contagious viral conjunctivitis

A

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

34
Q

Easily transmissible among household members, schoolchildren, and health care workers

A

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

35
Q

Prevalent during summertime when people use swimming pools

A

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

36
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

A

-Conjunctival hyperemia (redness of the eye)
- Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy
- Periorbital pain

37
Q

Prevention of Viral Conjunctivitis

A
  1. Good hand hygiene
  2. Avoid touching the eyes
  3. Avoid sharing towels, linens, and cosmetics
38
Q

Medical Management of Viral Conjunctivitis

A

-Isolate the patient
- Instruct to discontinue contact lenses until manifestations resolves
- Cold compress on affected eye
- Artificial tears may be used to relieve sandy sensation on eyes
- Antihistamines, as ordered for severe itching

MS 2 (27 decks)

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