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MS 2 > MANAGEMENT OF STROKE > Flashcards

MANAGEMENT OF STROKE Flashcards

1
Q

Functional abnormality of the central nervous system that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted

A

Stroke

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2
Q

Medical Emergency

A

Stroke

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3
Q

Two type of Stroke

A
  1. Ischemic (87%)
  2. Hemorrhagic (13%)
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4
Q

Presence of vascular occlusion resulting to a significant hypoperfusion

A

Ischemic

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5
Q

Blood extravasates into the brain tissue or subarachnoid space

A

Hemorrhagic

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6
Q

Risk factors of Stroke

A

(HANDOS DRAGDEN FAMILY)

-Hypertension
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Not Physically Active
-Diabetes Mellitus
-Obesity
-Smoking

-Dyslipidemia
-Race
- Age >55 years old
- Gender
- Drug Addiction
- ETOH dependence
- Nutrition and Dietary Factors
Family History

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7
Q

Management of High Risk

A

-Provide Health Teaching on reduction strategies
- Facilitate consultation with physician

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8
Q

Low Risk Management

A

Health Promotion Activities

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9
Q

results from a sudden loss of functioning resulting from a disruption of blood supply to a part of the brain

A

Ischemic Stroke

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10
Q

Blood flow to an area of the brain stops due to an occlusion by a blood clot

A

Ischemic Stroke

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11
Q

Precipitating Factor of Thrombotic Stroke

A

-Hypertension
-Diabetes Mellitus

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12
Q

Pathophysiology of Thrombotic Stroke

A

Blood clot resulting from a blood vessel injury occludes arterial blood flow to specific areas of the brain

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13
Q

Incidence by Gender in Thrombotic Stroke

A

Men > Women

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14
Q

Onset of Manifestations of Thrombotic Stroke

A

Slow-onset

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15
Q

Precipitating Factor of Embolic Stroke

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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16
Q

Pathophysiology of Embolic Stroke

A

Blood clot circulates with blood and ultimately lodges in any of the cerebral artery causing disruption of blood flow

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17
Q

Incidence by gender

A

Men > Women

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18
Q

Onset of Manifestations of Embolic Stroke

A

Sudden-onset

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19
Q

An area of low CBF

A

Penumbra Region

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20
Q

Ischemic brain tissue that may be salvaged with timely interventions

A

Penumbra Region

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21
Q

Results from bleeding into the brain tissue itself or into the subarachnoid space or ventricles

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

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22
Q

Precipitating Factor of Intracerebral

A

Hypertension

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23
Q

Pathophysiology of Intracerebral

A

Persistently elevated blood pressure causes the artery to rupture

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24
Q

Incidence by gender in Intracerebral

A

Women > Men

25
Q

Onset of Manifestations in Intracerebral

A

Activity-related

26
Q

Prognosis of Intracerebral

A

Poor- 50% of deaths occur within the first 48 hours

27
Q

Precipitating Factor of Subarachnoid

A
  1. Aneurysms
  2. Head Trauma
  3. Cocaine Abuse
28
Q

Pathophysiology of Subarachnoid

A

A dilated and weakened portion of an artery ruptures secondary to elevated blood pressure

29
Q

Incidence by gender in Subarachnoid

A

Women > Men

30
Q

Onset of Manifestations in Subarachnoid

A

Activity-related (Acute)

31
Q

Prognosis in Subarachnoid

A

Worsens if with declining level of consciousness

32
Q

Blood flow to an area of the brain stops due to rupture of the artery

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

33
Q

What is the early warning sign of hemorrhagic stroke?

A

-Headache
-Seizures are common

34
Q

Motor Deficits in Stroke

A

-Hemiparesis
- Hemiplegia
- Ataxia
- Dysphagia
- Dysarthria

35
Q

WEAKNESS of the face, arm, and leg on the same side

A

Hemiparesis

36
Q

PARALYSIS of the face, arm, and leg on the same side

A

Hemiplegia

37
Q

Staggering, unsteady gait
Unable to keep feet together; needs broad base to stand

A

Ataxia

38
Q

Difficulty Swallowing

A

Dysphagia

39
Q

-Difficulty forming words
-Occurs when the muscles used for speech are weakened or the patient has difficulty controlling them
-Nasal, slurred speech

A

Dysarthria

40
Q

Sensation of numbness, tingling, or a “pins and needles” sensation
Difficulty with proprioception

A

Paresthesia

41
Q

Inability to communicate

A

Aphasia

42
Q

Inability to express self. Unable to form words that are understandable; may speak in single- word responses

A

Expressive Aphasia

43
Q

Inability to understand language; Unable to comprehend the spoken word; can speak but may not make sense.

A

Receptive Aphasia

44
Q

Combination of receptive and expressive aphasias

A

Global Aphasia

45
Q

Nursing Care of Hemiparesis

A

-Place objects within the patient’s reach on the non- affected side
-Instruct the patient to exercise and increase strength on the affected side

46
Q

Nursing Care of Hemiplegia

A

-Encourage the patient to provide ROM exercises to the affected side
-Provide immobilization as needed to affected side
-Maintain body alignment in functional position
-Exercise unaffected limb to increase mobility, strength, and use

47
Q

Nursing Care of Ataxia

A

-Support patient during the initial ambulation phase
-Provide supportive devices for ambulation
-Instruct patient not to walk without assistance or supportive devices

48
Q

Nursing Care of Dysphagia

A
  • Test the patient’s pharyngeal reflexes before offering food or fluids
  • Assist the patient with meals
  • Place food on the unaffected side of the mouth
  • Allow ample time to eat
49
Q

Nursing Care of Dysarthria

A

-Provide the patient with alternative methods of communicating
-Allow patient sufficient time to respond to verbal communication
-Support patient and family to alleviate frustration related to difficulty communicating

50
Q

Nursing Care of Paresthesia

A

-Instruct patient that sensation may be altered
-Provide range of motion to affected areas and apply corrective devices as needed

51
Q

Nursing Care of Expressive Aphasia

A

-Encourage patient to repeat sounds of the alphabet
-Explore the patient’s ability to write as an alternative means of communication

52
Q

Nursing Care of Receptive Aphasia

A

-Speak clearly and in an unhurried manner to assist the patient in forming the sounds
-Explore the patient’s ability to read as an alternative means of communication

53
Q

Nursing Care of Global Aphasia

A

-Speak clearly and in simple sentences; use gestures or pictures when able
-Establish alternative means of communication

54
Q

Nursing Care of Homonymous Hemianopsia

A

-Place object within intact field of vision
-Approach the patient from side of intact field of vision
-Instruct/remind patient to turn head in the direction of visual loss to compensate for loss of visual field
-Encourage the use of eyeglasses if available
-When educating patients, do so within patient’s intact visual field

55
Q

-Unaware of persons or objects on side of visual loss
-Neglect of one side of the body
-Difficulty judging distances

A

Homonymous Hemianopsia

56
Q

-Difficulty seeing at night
-Unaware of objects or the borders of objects

A

Loss of Peripheral Vision

57
Q

Double Vision

A

Diplopia

58
Q
A

MS 2 (27 decks)

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