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MS 2 > EAR DISORDERS > Flashcards

EAR DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

a hydrophobic protective covering of the ear canal against water damage, infection, trauma, and foreign bodies

A

Cerumen

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2
Q

is the accumulation of cerumen causing obstruction in the external ear

A

Cerumen Impaction

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3
Q

What causes cerumen impaction?

A

S-swimmer’s ear
C- Conditions of the skin (asthma)
U- Unnecessary ear cleaning
B- Blockage within the ear canal
A- Autoimmune conditions

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4
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Cerumen Impaction

A

-Sensation of fullness inside ear
- Conductive Hearing loss
- Ear pain

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5
Q

Prevention of Cerumen Impaction

A

-Don’t clean ears with cotton buds
- Wear earplugs when swimming

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6
Q

The rationale on why ears don’t need to clean with cotton buds

A

The ears are self-cleaning and do not need to be cleaned unless there is cerumen impaction

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7
Q

Management for Cerumen Impaction

A

Irrigation of the Ear Canal
- Soften cerumen by instilling mineral oil or half- strength hydrogen peroxide (H202) 3o minutes prior to procedure
-Straighten the ear canal
- Warm saline irrigation is gently flushed toward the roof of the ear canal
-Position patient on affected side
-Instrumentation

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8
Q

The rationale on position the patient on affected side in the management of cerumen impaction

A

To promote drainage of fluids

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9
Q

Is the inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal (EAC)

A

Otitis Externa

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9
Q

Also called “Swimmer’s Ear”

A

Otitis Externa

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10
Q

Risk is increased with continuous water exposure of EAC and local trauma

A

Otitis Externa

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11
Q

Common pathogens of Otitis Externa

A

-Pseudomonas aeruginosis (yellow green)
- Staphylococcus aureus (creamy white)

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12
Q

Nerve impulse

A

Organ of corti

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13
Q

What are the 3 ossicles?

A

-Maleus
- Ileus
- Stapes

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14
Q

Medical Management of Otitis Externa

A

-Otic Preparations
-Ciprofloxacin Otic
-Ofloxacin Otic
-Alcohol Vinegar Otic Mix (Homemade)
- 50% rubbing alcohol, 25% white vinegar, 25% distilled water
-Used as prevention of or as flushing solution for fungal infections

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15
Q

Used as a prevention of or as flushing solution for fungal infections

A

Alcohol vinegar otic mix (Homemade)

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16
Q

Clinical manifestations of Otitis Externa

A
  • Aural tenderness
    -Ear pain
  • Otorrhea, initially clear but quickly becomes purulent and foul-smelling
    -Hearing loss
  • Erythema, edema, and narrowing of EAC
    -Fever (occasional
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17
Q

Hallmark sign of Otitis Externa

A

Aural Tenderness

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18
Q

Is any inflammation in the middle ear regardless of the etiology or pathogenesis

A

Otitis Media

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19
Q

Generally, less common among adults

A

Otitis Media

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20
Q

Characterized by changes in tympanic membrane (TM)

A

Otitis Media

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21
Q

Characteristics of Normal Tympanic Membrane

A

pearly-grey, translucent, and shiny

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22
Q

Characteristics of TM in Acute Otitis Media

A

Bulging TM

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23
Q

Characteristics of TM in Chronic Otitis Media

A

Retracted TM

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24
Q

Acute infection of the middle ear lasting less than 6 weeks

A

Acute Otitis Media

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25
Q

Usually precipitated by an Upper RTI

A

Acute Otitis Media

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26
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Acute Otitis Media

A

-Bulging tympanic membrane
-Otalgia
- Otorrhea
- Hearing loss
- Fever

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27
Q

Sudden relief is an indicator of TM perforation

A

Otalgia

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28
Q

Presence of fluids with/without signs of infection

A

Serous Otitis Media

29
Q

Also called Otitis Media with Exudates (OME)

A

Serous Otitis Media

30
Q

Commonly caused by eustachian tube dysfunction and barotrauma

A

Serous Otitis Media

31
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Serous Otitis Media

A

-Dull tympanic membrane
- Fullness inside the ear
- Hearing Loss
- Popping or crackling sounds

32
Q

Recurrent Acute Otitis Media

A

Chronic Otitis Media

33
Q

Irreversible tissue pathology

A

Chronic Otitis Media

34
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Otitis Media

A

-Hearing loss
- Persistent or intermittent, foul-smelling otorrhea
-Postauricular pain and tenderness, if with acute mastoiditis
-Cholesteatoma

35
Q

Tumor situated at the external layer of the tympanic membrane into the middle ear

A

Cholesteatoma

36
Q

Damages the mastoid bone

A

Cholesteatoma

37
Q

First line drugs of Acute Otitis Media

A

Amoxicillin

38
Q

Second line drugs of Acute Otitis Media

A

Co-amoxiclav

39
Q

Third line treatment for Acute Otitis Media

A

Cefaclor

40
Q

For H.influenzae cases resistant to amoxicillin or ampicillin

A

Cefaclor

41
Q

Medical Management of Acute Otitis Media

A

-Broad Spectrum antibiotics (for bacterial etiology
-Amoxicillin
- Co-amoxiclav
-Cefaclor
-NSAIDs for pain
-Supportive Care, if viral

42
Q

Surgical Management of Acute Otitis Media

A

Myringotomy

43
Q

Surgical creation of an opening in the tympanic membrane to allow equalization of pressures

A

Myringotomy

44
Q

Medical Management of Serous Otitis Media

A

-Broad-spectrums antibiotics
-Co-amoxiclav
-Corticosteroids
- Valsalva maneuver

45
Q

if cause is barotrauma

A

Corticosteroids

46
Q

First line drug of Serous Otitis Media

A

Co-amoxiclav

47
Q

Opens eustachian tube

A

Valsalva Maneuver

48
Q

Surgical Management of Serous Otitis Media

A

Myringotomy- if with significant hearing loss

49
Q

Medical Management of Chronic Otitis Media

A

Otic antibiotic drops, as ordered for purulent discharge
-Ciprofloxacin otic
- Ofloxacin otic

50
Q

Surgical Management of Chronic Otitis Media

A

-Tympanoplasty
- Ossiculoplasty
- Mastoidectomy

51
Q

Surgical reconstruction of the TM

A

Tympanoplasty

52
Q

Surgical reconstruction of the middle ear bones

A

Ossiculoplasty

53
Q

Surgical removal of mastoid air cells

A

Mastoidectomy

54
Q

Location of Incision in Mastoidectomy

A

Post-Auricular

55
Q

Purpose of Mastoidectomy

A

-To remove cholesteatoma
- To gain access to diseased structures
- To create a dry healthy ear

56
Q

Post-operative Health Teachings of Mastoidectomy

A

-Instruct patient to maintain mastoid pressure dressing for 24 to 48 hours
- Keep incision dry for 2 days
- Instruct patient to prevent water from entering external ear canal x 6 weeks
- Apply cotton ball with petroleum jelly to ear when showering or shampooing
- Instruct to avoid heavy lifting, straining, exertion, and nose blowing for 2 to 3 weeks after surgery to prevent dislodging the tympanic membrane graft or ossicular prosthesis

57
Q

Hours to maintain mastoid pressure dressing patients undergoing mastoidectomy

A

24 to 48 hours (1 day or 2 days)

58
Q

Days to keep incision dry in patients undergoing mastoidectomy

A

2 days

59
Q

Irreversible Tissue Pathologies Associated with Chronic Otitis Media

A

-Tympanic membrane damage
- Destruction of the ossicles
- Mastoid involvement

60
Q

is a disturbance of equilibrium caused by constant motion

A

Motion Sickness

61
Q

What is the Pathophysiology of Motion Sickness?

A

Vestibular Overstimulation

62
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Motion Sickness

A

-Sweating
- Pallor
- Nausea and vomiting

63
Q

Medical Management of Motion Sickness

A

Meclizine (Bonoamine)

64
Q

This drug is for nausea and vomiting

A

Meclizine (Bonoamine)

65
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Meclizine (Bonoamine)

A

blocking the conduction of the vestibular pathway of the inner ear

66
Q

The alternative medicine of motion sickness

A

Acupressure

67
Q

The meclizine (bonoamine) must be taken

A

30 mins to 1 hr before the travel time

68
Q

Location of acupressure

A

Acupressure at the P6 or Nei Guan Point

69
Q

Used to treat nausea and vomiting and has been practiced in China for many years

A

Acupressure

70
Q

Acupressure at ___ has been used successfully to decrease the symptoms of pregnancy sickness and with mixed results to decrease motion sickness

A

P6

MS 2 (27 decks)

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