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MS 2 > Liver Cirrhosis > Flashcards

Liver Cirrhosis Flashcards

1
Q

is a chronic disease characterized by replacement of normal liver tissue with diffuse fibrosis that disrupts the structure and function of the liver.

A

Cirrhosis

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2
Q

Most common causes of Liver Cirrhosis

A

Alcoholic Liver Disease

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3
Q

NAFLD

A

Non-alcoholic fatty liver

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4
Q

Risk factors of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

A

-Obesity
- Hyperlipidemia
- Diabetes Mellitus

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5
Q

Autoimmune Risk factors

A

-Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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6
Q

Causes an abnormally high iron absorption from the GI Tract

A

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

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7
Q

Causes copper accumulation

A

Wilson Disease

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8
Q

Alcoholic Cirrhosis also known as

A

Laennec’s Cirrhosis

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9
Q

Rubor

A

Redness

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10
Q

Tumor

A

Swelling

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11
Q

Dolor

A

Pain

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12
Q

Calor

A

Warm

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13
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Rubor
Tumor
Dalor
Calor

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14
Q

functio laessa

A

loss of function

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15
Q

is a progressive decline in function for six or more months

A

Chronic Liver Disease

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16
Q

Small, dilated blood vessels with a bright red center point and spider-like branches

A

Spider Angiomas

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17
Q

Red area that blanches with pressure

A

Palmar Erythema

18
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

-Decreasing LOC
- Asterixis
-Apraxia
- Fector Hepaticus
- Hyperventilation, hypothermia

19
Q

Means flapping tremors

A

Asterixis

20
Q

inability to
construct simple figures

A

Apraxia

21
Q

Must, sweet breath

A

Fector hepaticus

22
Q

Early Manifestation of Liver Cirrhosis

A

F- fever
R- Rapid, unexpected weight loss
A- Anorexia
W- Weakness
N- Nausea

23
Q

Medical Management of Liver Cirrhosis

A

-Avoidance of alcohol
- S- adenosylmethionine (SAM-e)
-Halt or slow down the progression
-Colchicine
- Angiotension system inhibitors
- Statins
- Diuretics (Spirinolactone)
- Immunosuppresants
- Glitazones

24
Q

The symptomatic treatment of ASCITES

A

-Sodium-restriction
- Diuretics, as ordered
-Furosemide + Spironolactone

25
Q

The risk factors of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver, Chronic Viral Hepatitis and genetics is manifested in

A

Post-Necrotic Cirrhosis

26
Q

Temporary removal of ascitic fluid from the peritoneal cavity

A

Paracentesis

27
Q

Position of Paracentesis

A

Sitting or High-Fowlers position

28
Q

Prevent bleeding and hemorrhage

A

Esophageal Varices

29
Q

What’s the screening test of Esophageal Varices

A

Upper GI endoscopy

30
Q

The medical Management of Esophageal Varices

A

-Propanolol (inderal)
- Avoid (aspirin, NSAIDS, Alcohol)

31
Q

Management of Bleeding Esophageal Varices

A

-Ensure patent airway
- Assist in stopping the bleeding
- Administer Octreotide (Sandostatin), as ordered (first line)
-Administer vasopressin + Nitroglycerin, as ordered (second line)
-Endoscopy
- Ballon tamponade, if bleeding cannot be controlled through endoscopy (sengstaken-blakemore tube and minnesota tube)

32
Q

What’s the nursing responsibilities of sengstaken- blakemore tube?

A
  1. Prepare scissors at bedside
  2. Label each lumen to avoid confusion
  3. Deflate the balloon for 5 minutes every 8- 12 hours per institutional policy
33
Q

How many ports does the Sengstaken- blakemore tube have?

A

3 ports

34
Q

How many ports does the Minnesota tube have?

A

4 ports

35
Q

A non surgical procedure wherein a shunt is created between the systemic and portal venous system to redirect portal blood flow

A

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)

36
Q

What is contraindicated of TIPS?

A
  • Severe hepatic encephalopathy
  • Hepatocellular CA
37
Q

What is the management goal of Hepatic Encephalopathy?

A

Reduce ammonia function

38
Q

Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

-Lactulose (Duphalac)- first line
- Rifamixin- second line

39
Q

This medication has a laxative effect that expels ammonia with stool and also trap ammonia in the GI Tract

A

Lactulose (Duphalac)

40
Q

This medication is used in patients who do not respond to lactulose

A

Rifaximin

41
Q

Diet Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis

A

-“Butterball Diet” (High-calorie diet (3000 cal/day) with high CHO content and moderate to low levels of fat
- Protein restriction only if with hepatic encephalopathy
-Low sodium diet if with ascites and edema

42
Q
A

MS 2 (27 decks)

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