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MS 2 > Eye and Ear Disorders (CATARACT) > Flashcards

Eye and Ear Disorders (CATARACT) Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the Anterior Eye

A

-Cornea
- Iris
-Pupil
-Lens

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2
Q

Parts of the Posterior Eye

A

-Sclera
-Choroid
-Retina

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3
Q

-Anterior most portion of the eyeball
-Serves as main refracting surface

A

Cornea

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4
Q

-Highly vascularized pigmented collection of fibers

A

Iris

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5
Q

-Round opening in the center of the iris
-Changes its size to let light into the eye

A

Pupil

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6
Q

-Avascular and transparent biconvex structure which focuses light to the retina

A

Lens

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7
Q

-White avascular outermost layer

A

Sclera

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8
Q

-Middle vascular layer

A

Choroid

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9
Q

-Innermost layer and an extension of the optic nerve

A

Retina

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10
Q

Is a disease which causes cloudiness or opacity of the lens

A

Cataract

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11
Q

Leading cause of blindness worldwide

A

Cataract

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12
Q

Most common cause of cataract?

A

Aging

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13
Q

Most common preventable causes of cataract?

A

-Smoking
- UV radiation experience

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14
Q

Toxic Factors of Cataract

A

-Alkaline chemical eye burns
-Calcium, copper, iron, gold, silver, mercury
-Ionizing radiation

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15
Q

Nutritional Factors of Cataract

A

-Obesity
-Poor Nutrition
- Reduced level of antioxidants

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16
Q

Physical Factors of Cataract

A

-Blunt Trauma
- Electric Shock
- Dehydration

17
Q

Systemic Diseases of Cataract

A

-Diabetes
-Down syndrome

18
Q

What are the cataract classification?

A

-Senile cataracts
-Traumatic cataracts
-Congenital
-Secondary

19
Q

Those associated with aging

A

Senile cataracts

20
Q

Those associated with injury

A

Traumatic cataracts

21
Q

Those that occur at birth

A

Congenital

22
Q

Those with occur following other eye or systemic disorders

A

Secondary

23
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Cataract

A

-Painless, blurry vision
- Visible lens opacity

24
Q

What are the prevention of Cataract?

A

-Smoking cessation
- Weight reduction
-Good glucose control if diabetic
- Wearing of tinted sunglasses when outdoors

25
Q

What’s the indication for Surgical Management in Cataract?

A

-Advised ONLY when cataracts interfere with normal activities
-Performed on an outpatient basis
-If both eyes are affected:
One eye is treated first, with at least several weeks, preferably months, separating the two procedures

26
Q

A method of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)

A

Phacoemulsification

27
Q

A ultrasonic device liquefies the lens nucleus and cortex and then suctioned through a tube

A

Phacoemulsification

28
Q

A person with no natural lens and is very far-sighted

A

Aphakic

29
Q

What are the approaches to lens replacement?

A

-Aphakic eyeglasses
-Contact lenses
-Intraocular lens (IOL) implants

30
Q

Magnifies objects by 25% making them appear close than they actually are

A

Aphakic eyeglasses

31
Q

Provides normal vision but has to be removed occasionally; has a high risk of infection

A

Contact Lenses

32
Q

Most common approach to lens replacement

A

Intraocular Lens (IOL) Implants

33
Q

Phacoemulsification (Pre-Operative Care)

A

-Patient is advised to stop taking alpha- antagonist (e.g., tamsulosin) as these may cause intraoperative floppy iris syndrome
-Administer mydriatic eye drops, as ordered
-Health Teaching: Self- administration of eye drops/ointments

34
Q

What’s the purpose of administering mydriatic eye drops in pre-operative care of phacoemulsification?

A

-To dilate pupils allowing more access to diseased lens

35
Q

Phacoemulsification (Post-Operative Care)

A

-Post operative position: Unaffected side
-Eye patch is worn for the first 24 hours after surgery
-Eyeglasses are worn at day and eye shield is worn at night for the first week
-Reinforce instructions on eyedrops administration
-Instruct on daily dressing change
-Discharge Teaching: Home Care

36
Q

Home Care S/P Phacoemulsification

A

-Always wash hands before touching or cleaning the postoperative eye
- Clean postoperative eye with a clean tissue; wipe the closed eye with a single gesture from the inner canthus outward.
- When bathing or showering, shampoo hair cautiously or seek assistance.
- Avoid lying on the side of the affected eye the night after surgery
- Keep activity light (e.g.., walking, reading, watching television). Resume the following activities only as directed by the ophthalmologist: driving, sexual activity, unusually strenuous activity.
-Avoid lifting, pushing, or pulling objects heavier than 15 pounds.
- Avoid bending or stooping for an extended period.
- Be careful when climbing or descending stair.
-Slight morning discharge, some redness, and a scratchy feeling may be expected for a few days (Use a clean, damp washcloth to remove morning discharges)

-WOF: floaters (dots) in vision, flashing lights, decrease in vision, pain, or increase in redness occurs.

MS 2 (27 decks)

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