Eye and Ear Disorders (CATARACT) Flashcards
Parts of the Anterior Eye
-Cornea
- Iris
-Pupil
-Lens
Parts of the Posterior Eye
-Sclera
-Choroid
-Retina
-Anterior most portion of the eyeball
-Serves as main refracting surface
Cornea
-Highly vascularized pigmented collection of fibers
Iris
-Round opening in the center of the iris
-Changes its size to let light into the eye
Pupil
-Avascular and transparent biconvex structure which focuses light to the retina
Lens
-White avascular outermost layer
Sclera
-Middle vascular layer
Choroid
-Innermost layer and an extension of the optic nerve
Retina
Is a disease which causes cloudiness or opacity of the lens
Cataract
Leading cause of blindness worldwide
Cataract
Most common cause of cataract?
Aging
Most common preventable causes of cataract?
-Smoking
- UV radiation experience
Toxic Factors of Cataract
-Alkaline chemical eye burns
-Calcium, copper, iron, gold, silver, mercury
-Ionizing radiation
Nutritional Factors of Cataract
-Obesity
-Poor Nutrition
- Reduced level of antioxidants
Physical Factors of Cataract
-Blunt Trauma
- Electric Shock
- Dehydration
Systemic Diseases of Cataract
-Diabetes
-Down syndrome
What are the cataract classification?
-Senile cataracts
-Traumatic cataracts
-Congenital
-Secondary
Those associated with aging
Senile cataracts
Those associated with injury
Traumatic cataracts
Those that occur at birth
Congenital
Those with occur following other eye or systemic disorders
Secondary
Clinical Manifestations of Cataract
-Painless, blurry vision
- Visible lens opacity
What are the prevention of Cataract?
-Smoking cessation
- Weight reduction
-Good glucose control if diabetic
- Wearing of tinted sunglasses when outdoors
What’s the indication for Surgical Management in Cataract?
-Advised ONLY when cataracts interfere with normal activities
-Performed on an outpatient basis
-If both eyes are affected:
One eye is treated first, with at least several weeks, preferably months, separating the two procedures
A method of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)
Phacoemulsification
A ultrasonic device liquefies the lens nucleus and cortex and then suctioned through a tube
Phacoemulsification
A person with no natural lens and is very far-sighted
Aphakic
What are the approaches to lens replacement?
-Aphakic eyeglasses
-Contact lenses
-Intraocular lens (IOL) implants
Magnifies objects by 25% making them appear close than they actually are
Aphakic eyeglasses
Provides normal vision but has to be removed occasionally; has a high risk of infection
Contact Lenses
Most common approach to lens replacement
Intraocular Lens (IOL) Implants
Phacoemulsification (Pre-Operative Care)
-Patient is advised to stop taking alpha- antagonist (e.g., tamsulosin) as these may cause intraoperative floppy iris syndrome
-Administer mydriatic eye drops, as ordered
-Health Teaching: Self- administration of eye drops/ointments
What’s the purpose of administering mydriatic eye drops in pre-operative care of phacoemulsification?
-To dilate pupils allowing more access to diseased lens
Phacoemulsification (Post-Operative Care)
-Post operative position: Unaffected side
-Eye patch is worn for the first 24 hours after surgery
-Eyeglasses are worn at day and eye shield is worn at night for the first week
-Reinforce instructions on eyedrops administration
-Instruct on daily dressing change
-Discharge Teaching: Home Care
Home Care S/P Phacoemulsification
-Always wash hands before touching or cleaning the postoperative eye
- Clean postoperative eye with a clean tissue; wipe the closed eye with a single gesture from the inner canthus outward.
- When bathing or showering, shampoo hair cautiously or seek assistance.
- Avoid lying on the side of the affected eye the night after surgery
- Keep activity light (e.g.., walking, reading, watching television). Resume the following activities only as directed by the ophthalmologist: driving, sexual activity, unusually strenuous activity.
-Avoid lifting, pushing, or pulling objects heavier than 15 pounds.
- Avoid bending or stooping for an extended period.
- Be careful when climbing or descending stair.
-Slight morning discharge, some redness, and a scratchy feeling may be expected for a few days (Use a clean, damp washcloth to remove morning discharges)
-WOF: floaters (dots) in vision, flashing lights, decrease in vision, pain, or increase in redness occurs.
