LABS AND DIAGNOSTICS OF G.I Flashcards
The purpose of this test is to detect GI bleeding
Fecal- Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
Patient Preparation when having Fecal- Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
- High fiber diet 48-72 hours
- Avoid red meat, poultry, turnips, horse radish, cauliflower, and melon (false positive result)
- Avoid vitamin C (false negative result)
- Hold 48 hrs prior; steroids, iron, indomethacin, colchicine
Needs to avoid because this may give a false positive result
Avoid red meat, poultry, turnips, horse radish, cauliflower, and melon
Needs to avoid because this may gave a false negative result
Avoid Vitamin C
Needs to hold 48 hrs prior
-steroids
- iron
- indomethacin
- colchicine
It’s purpose is to detect ova, parasites, and E. histolytica
Stool for Ova, Parasites and E. histolytica (OPEH)
Specimen of OPEH
Fresh, warm stool via clean technique (send within 30 minutes of collection)
This is to detect causative agent
Stool for culture and sensitivity
Patient preparation of stool for culture and sensitivity
-may use clean gloves
- use sterile collection collection tube and sterile cotton- tipped applicator to collect specimen
Sterile stool specimen
Stool for culture and sensitivity
Its purpose is to detect enlargement of gallbladder, pancreas, presence of gallstones, ectopic pregnancy, appendicitis
Abdominal Ultrasound
Patient Preparation for Abdominal Ultrasound
- NPO for 8 to 12 hours
- Laxatives, as ordered
- If for gallbladder studies, fat-free meal the evening before
- Schedule barium studies after ultrasonography since barium interferes with sound wave transmission
It’s purpose is to provide a contrast-enhanced radiologic image of the espohagus, stomach, duodenum, and jejunum
Upper G.I Studies (Barium Swallow)
Contrast Medium of Barium Swallow
Barium Sulfate
white, chalky substance
Barium Sulfate (PO)
Patient Preparation for Barium Swallow
NPO for 6 to 8 hours
What interventions do we need to do after the procedure of Barium Swallow
-Increase oral fluid intake
- Laxatives, as ordered
- Inform patient that stool may become white 24-72 hours
It’s purpose is to provide a contrast- enhanced radiologic image of the colon
Lower G.I studies (Barium Enema)
Contrast medium of Barium Enema
Barium Sulfate (enema)
Contraindication of Barium Enema
-Contraindicated for patients with active inflammatory diseases, fistula, or suspected perforation of colon
- Diatrizoic Acid is used instead
It is a water soluble iodinated contrast medium
Diatrizoic acid
Patient Preparation for Barium Enema
- Low residue diet 1 to 2 days before
- Clear liquid diet and laxative the evening before
- NPO pos-midnight
- Cleansing enema until clear in AM of procedure
- Schedule before any upper GI studies
It’s purpose is to provide direct visualization of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Upper G.I Endoscopy
Patient Preparation for Upper G.I Endoscopy
- Obtain written consent
- NPO 6-8 hours
- Administer Atropine Sulfate, as ordered
- Administer sedatives/narcotics/tranquilizers, as ordered
- Remove dentures or bridges
- Lidocaine spray is applied to the posterior pharynx to depress gag reflex
- Instruct not to swallow saliva
Post Procedure Care of Upper G.I Endoscopy
- Position to side-lying preparation
- NPO until gag reflex returns
- NSS gargle
- Monitor V/S
- Assess: bleeding, crepitus, fever, neck/throat pain, dyspnea, dysphagia, back/shoulder pain
Direct visualization of the colon
Colonoscopy
Direct visualization of sigmoid and rectum
Proctosigmoidoscopy
Patient Preparation for Lower G.I Endoscopy
-Obtain written consent
- Clear liquid diet 24 hours before procedure
- Administer laxative/cathartic, as ordered
- Cleansing enema until clear
- Position to knee-chest/lateral position during procedure
- Assess for vasovagal stimulation
Post- Procedure Care of Lower G.I Endoscopy
-Position to supine for a few minutes
- Assess for signs of perforation (bleeding, pain, fever)
- Hot sitz bath to relieve discomfort in anorectal area
What is the side effects of Barium Sulfate?
Constipation
Preferred way of enteral feeding for nutritional support of greater than 4 weeks
Gastrostomy
Indicated when gastric route is not accessible, or to decrease aspiration risk when stomach is not functioning adequately to process and empty food or fluids
Jejunostomy
Enteral Feeding
Feeding should be at ROOM temperature
Position: semi- to high- fowler’s position
Check patency: Instill 15 to 30 ml of water
Have the client remain in semi- to high- fowler’s position for 30 to 60 mins after feeding
