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MS 2 > MENINGITIS > Flashcards

MENINGITIS Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation of the leptomeninges

A

Meningitis

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2
Q

Protective covering of the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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3
Q

Outer most layer

A

Dura mater

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4
Q

Tough, thick, inelastic, and fibrous

A

Dura mater

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5
Q

Contains epidural and subdural space

A

Dura mater

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6
Q

Space in between the dura and the skull

A

Epidural

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7
Q

Space below the dura

A

Subdural space

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8
Q

Thin, delicate middle membrane

A

Arachnoid mater

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9
Q

Innermost, thin, transparent membrane that hugs the brain closely and extends into every fold of the brain’s surface

A

Pia mater

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10
Q

Combination of Arachnoid and Pia mater

A

Leptomeninges

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11
Q

Etiology of Meningitis

A

-Bacterial
- Viral
- Fungal

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12
Q

A type of meningitis that is caused by bacteria

A

Septic Meningitis

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13
Q

Causative agent of Septic Meningitis

A

-Streptococcus pneumoniae
-Neisseria meningitis

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14
Q

A type of meningitis that is caused by a virus or cancer/weakened immune system

A

Aseptic Meningitis

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15
Q

Enterovirus most commonly causes aseptic type

A

Aseptic Meningitis

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16
Q

Manifestations of Septic Meningitis

A

(+) signs/symptoms of meningeal irritation
(+) CSF culture for bacteria

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17
Q

Classic Triad of Meningitis

A

-Fever
-Headache
-Nuchal Rigidity

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18
Q

sign of meningeal irritation

A

Nuchal Rigidity

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19
Q

Other manifestations of Meningitis

A

-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Photalgia
-Sleepiness
-Confusion
-Irritability
- Delirium
-Coma

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20
Q

-Only 44% of adults manifest the classic triad
-25% has acute presentation (within 24 hours of onset of symptoms)
-Seizures occur late in the course of illness

A

Bacterial Meningitis

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21
Q

-(+) history of preceding systemic symptoms (e.g., myalgias, fatigue, anorexia)
-If caused by mumps virus, (+) classic triad following onset of parotitis

A

Viral Meningitis

22
Q

(+) lethargy
(-) signs of meningeal irritation

A

Atypical Meningitis

23
Q

Signs of Meningeal Irritation

A
  1. Kernig Sign
  2. Brudzinski Sign
24
Q

Elicits pain or limited extension

A

Kernig Sign

25
Q

Elicits hip and knee flexion

A

Brudzinski Sign

26
Q

Kernig Sign

A
  1. Knee is flexed to 90 degrees
  2. Hip is flexed to 90 degrees
  3. Extension of the knee is painful or limited in extension
27
Q

Brudzinski Sign

A
  1. Passive flexion of neck
28
Q

Traditionally used to evaluate patients with suspected meningitis and determines need for lumbar puncture

A

Kernig Sign and Brudzinski Sign

29
Q

Diagnostics for Meningitis

A

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)

30
Q

Carried out by inserting a needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space to withdraw CSF.

A

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)

31
Q

What needle must be used in the Lumbar Puncture?

A

Uses spinal needle

32
Q

Where the spinal needle is inserted?

A

It is inserted into the subarachnoid space

33
Q

Location for the needle to be inserted

A

Needle is inserted between L3 and L4 or L4 and L5

34
Q

Why the small pillow must be placed under the patient’s head?

A

A small pillow may be placed under the patient’s head to maintain the spine in a horizontal position; a pillow may be placed between the legs to prevent the upper leg from rolling forward.

35
Q

What kind of anesthetic is used in Lumbar Puncture?

A

Local Anesthetic Agent

36
Q

How many test tube is collected when removing a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Collected in three test tubes

37
Q

Post-Procedure Position of Lumbar Puncture

A

Lie prone position

38
Q

The risk of Postprocedure in Lumbar Puncture is headache. What is the best nursing intervention to perform?

A

Encourage the patient to increased fluid intake to reduce the risk of postprocedure headache.

39
Q

-Caused by Neisseria Meningitidis

A

Meningococcemia

40
Q

(+) non-blanching petechiae and cutaneous hemorrhages are commonly seen

A

Meningococcemia

41
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Meningococcemia?

A

Droplet spread and lengthy direct contact

42
Q

Mortality rate of Meningococcemia

A

10 to 15 out of 100

43
Q

Complication of fulminant meningococcemia

A

Waterhouse- Friedrichsen Syndrome

44
Q
A
45
Q

Characterized by large petechial/bullous in skin and mucous membranes, DIC, septic shock

A

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen Syndrome

46
Q

Meningococcal Conjugated Vaccine

A

-A preventive management for Meningitis

-Given to youth at 11 to 12 years of age
-Booster dose at 16 years of age
-Available brands: Menactra, Nimenrix

47
Q

For close contacts:

A

Meningococcemia Chemoprophylaxis

-Rifampicin
-Ciprofloxacin
- Ceftriaxone
-Started within 24 hours after exposure

48
Q

Medical Management

A

-Antibiotic Therapy
-Penicillin + Ceftriaxone given intravenously
-Optimally given with 30 minutes of hospital arrival

-Dexamethasone

49
Q

Improves the outcomes in adults and does not increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding

A

Dexamethasone

50
Q

Nursing Care for Patients With Meningitis

A
  1. Institute infection control precautions until 24 hours after initiation of antibiotic therapy (oral and nasal discharge is considered infectious)
  2. Assist with pain management due to overall body aches and neck pain
  3. Assist with getting rest in a quiet, darkened room
  4. Implement interventions to treat the elevated temperature, such as antipyretic agents and cooling blankets
  5. Encourage the patient to stay hydrated orally or facilitate IV hydration peripherally
  6. Ensure close neurologic monitoring

MS 2 (27 decks)

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