NTD 1 Flashcards

Question

Schistosomiasis

Answer 1

AKA Bilharzia worm host is fresh water snail - from urine enter fresh water >200 million in Africa infected cause: blood in urine, bladder fibrosis (egg trapped in wall) and cancer, liver fibrosis (trapped in liver) , high Bp, and death from bleeding, rupture capillaries kills some people who are more susceptible

Answer 2

``` snail control sanitation - urine not in water improved water supplies prevent people entering water praziquantel - done on weight and height, weight is inaccurate ```

Answer 3

s. mansoni - lateral spine, intestine, stool s. haematobium - bladder, urine each own type of snail

Answer 4

school children annually

Answer 5

``` STHs ascariasis 800 million cases trichuriasis 435 million cases Hookworm 451 million cases treated with albendazole cause stunted growth and reduced education - can be reversed ```

Answer 6

``` adult worms live in lymph nodes microfilariae found in blood only around midnight - when mosquito bites block lymphatic flow 120 million infected swelling from blocked lymph - secondary infection mostly SE Asia and Africa in SE Asia Culex main vector in Africa - anopheles main vector ```

Answer 7

albendazole and mectizan in Africa albendazole and DEC in Asia and far east annually after 6 years could = elimination vector control wash with soap 3x a day - secondary infection removed albendazole - sterilise the worm so noe eggs, adult only live 6 years then can get rid of it

Answer 8

adult worms live in nodules under the skin larvae - destroy retina and cause blindness, cause itching mectizan sterilise adult worms <15million infected CEO of MERK give 100 million doses year until eliminated

Answer 9

one of world's leading causes of preventable viruses 84 million infected conjunctivitis - scar eyelid, eyelash turn down and scratch cornea treatment increased each year

Answer 10

in 2000 infected >3million individuals with health education, filtering drinking water and spraying to kill crustacean host only 30 cases were detected in the world in 2017 parasite in body is 1m - forms blisters that burn - cool in water - eggs infect crustacean - drink water with crustacean in. take it out with a matchstick

Answer 11

eradicate extreme poverty achieve universal primary education promote gender inequality and empower women reduce child mortality improve maternal health combat HIV/AIDs, malaria and other diseases ensure env sustainability develop a global partnership for development

Answer 12

Merch and Co - donate mectizan and praziquantel for as long as needed gsk - albendazole and deworm school age children Johnson Johnson - mebendazole Pfizer - azithromyocin Novartis - MDT for leprosy EISAI - DEC revie each year to say what they need

Answer 13

``` WHO world bank OCP - APOC - ESPEN international trachoma initiative global alliance for elimination of lymphatic filariasis global schisto alliance ```

Answer 14

eliminating NTD may = no poverty STH deprives people of nutrition, increase malabsorbtion of nutrients and may reduce appetite treating schisto and STH can reverse or prevent the damaging effects of infections treating schisto and STH increase school attendance with SCI supported treatment - equal to everyone SCI works with WASH to have greatest impact in eliminating schisto and STH increase future wages SCI collaborates with many partners achieves goals of control and elimination schisto and STH

Answer 15

``` ministries of health supported by: RTI SCI Sightsavers Helen Keller CBM the ENDFUND Deworm the world Fred Hollows ESPEN ```

Answer 16

``` Niger Mali Burkina Faso Uganda Tanzania Zambia ```

Answer 17

``` Mauritania and Senegal Burkina Faso Cote d'loivre and Liberia chana Cameroon Burundi and Rwanda Mali Niger Nigeria Sudan DRC Zambia Zim Ethiopia Uganda Kenya Tanzania Malawi and Mozambique Madagascar ```

Answer 18

first award against NGT - billions for malaria an TB $100 million over 5 years to RTI in 2006 $450 million in 2010 - 250 to Envision 200 to FHI top up of $175 million in 2015 2018 new award ASCEND $400 million to RTI and FHI for next 5 years

Answer 19

Bill and Melinda Gates foundation - 2001 grants to SCI, GAELF, ITU recently STH The world bank - responds to country requests Children's investment fund foundation - school based delivery of deworming and schisto treatment The END FUND - $100 million in donations with 10 implementing partners independent charity evaluators recommend deworming - followers donate to sight savers, the end fund, deworm the world and SCI

Answer 20

allocated £50 million over 5 years in 2008 new £200 million 5 year commitment in Jan 2012 request for bids on £200 million