November 30, 2015 - Dermatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatitis: Definition

A

An inflammatory response of the skin induced by a wide range of external (exogenous) and internal (endogenous) factors acting singly or in combination.

Synonymous with eczema

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2
Q

Dermatitis: Clinical Features

A

Itching

Indistinct border

Erythematous papules and plaques

Vesicles

Scaling

Excoriations

Lichenification

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3
Q

Distribution of Acute Dermatitis

A

Infancy - scalp, face, extensor extremities… but usually spares the diaper region

Childhood - flexural areas

Adulthood - flexural areas, hands, face, nipples

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4
Q

Atopic Dermatitis: Lab Findings

A

Eosinophilia

Increased IgE in 80% of patients

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5
Q

Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

A

Topical corticosteroids

Topical calcineurin inhibitors

Oral antihistamines

Antibiotics

Bleach baths

Phototherapy

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6
Q

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors

A

Selectively inhibit T-cell activation in the skin.

Does not cause skin atrophy.

Second line therapy because of long-term safety and cost.

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7
Q

Atopic Dermatitis: Complications

A

Bacterial infections - S. aureus

Viral infections - HSV, HPV, molluscum

Fungal infections

Mental and emotional dysfunction

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8
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

A subacute or chronic dermatitis of unknown cause typically confined to sebaceous gland-rich skin of the head and trunk, but occasionally involving other areas.

Often yellow stuff.

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9
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis: Treatment

A

Daily shampooing with shampoos containing… ketoconazole (anti-fungal), zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, cicopirox, coal tar, salicylic acid.

Anti-fungal creams

Mild topical steroids

Topical calcineurin inhibitors

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10
Q

Stasis Dermatitis

A

A common inflammatory dermatitis of the lower extremities occuring in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

Valvular dysfunction results in backflow of blood from deep venous system to superficial venous system, leading to venous hypertension.

Medial ankle is most frequently involved, and the colour is often a reddish-brown discolouration from hemosiderin.

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11
Q

Stasis Dermatitis: Treatment

A

Compression therapy

Topical corticosteroids

Bland emollients

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12
Q

Asteototic Dermatitis

A

Eczema craquele

Pruritic, dry, cracked and poygonally fissured skin that resembles a “dried riverbed”

Shins are most commonly afflicted, followed by the lower flanks.

Often occurs in the elderly.

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13
Q

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

A

An inflammatory process which follows exposure to an exogenous agent(s) that injures the skin at the site of contact.

Non-immunologically mediated. No previous exposure is necessary. A direct cytotoxic effect due to a single or repeated application of a chemical substance to a cutaneous site.

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14
Q

Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Treatment

A

Limit exposure to irritants

Emollients

Mild topical steroids

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