November 2, 2015 - Lower Limbs * Flashcards
Pelvic Girdle
Consists of the…
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine
Acetabulum (joints femoral head)
Obturator foramen
Pubis
Ilium
Parts of the Femur
Consists of…
Head
Anatomical Neck
Surgical Neck
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Shaft
Lateral epicondyle
Lateral condyle
Medial epicondyle
Medial condyle
Linea Aspera
Is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the femur, to which muscles are attached.
Tibia
Consists of…
Tibial plateau
Lateral condyle
Medial condyle
Tibial tuberosity
Medial malleolus
Fibula
Consists of…
Head of fibula
Lateral malleolus
Bones of Foot
The talus is the top bone that rotates with the ankle joint.
The calcaneus is the heel bone
Cuboid is in front of the calcaneous
Navicular is in front of the talus
Cruneiforms are in front of the navicular and beside the cuboid
Hip and Thigh: Anterior View
Be able to identify…
Psoas muscle (going into hip)
Sartorius (crossing leg diagnonally down past knee)
Pectineus (coming off pubis)
Rectus femoris (big muscle below sartorius)
Vastus intermedius (deep below the rectus femoris)
Vastus medialis (big muscle medial to rectus femoris)
Vastus lateralis (big muscle lateral to rectus femoris)
Hip and Thigh: Posterior
Be able to identify…
Gluteus medius (upper muscle along iliac crest)
Tensor fascia lata (just below gluteus medius)
Gluteus maximus (big muscle in butt)
Gluteus minimus (behind gluteus medius [more anteriorly])
Biceps femoris long head (big muscle runs from hip to knee diagnonally)
Semitendinosus (runs medially to biceps femoris)
Semimembranosus (runs medially to semitendinosus)
Hip and Thigh: Medial View
Be able to identify…
Obturator externus (Small muscle above pectineus)
Adductor brevis (small muscle below pectineus)
Adductor longus (big wide muscle from pubis)
Gracilis (long muscle from pubis to knee)
Adductor magnus (has a hole by the knee)
Pubofemoral Ligament
Attaches from the pubis to the femoral head.
Iliolumbar Ligament
Attaches from the ilium to the lumbar vertebrae.
Anterior Iliosacral Ligament
Attaches from the ilium to the sacrum. Visible on the anterior side.
Iliofemoral Ligament
Attaches the ilium to the femoral head.
Function of Gluteus Medius and Mimimus
Responsible for contracting the hip at the same time to keep your hip up. This is to allow you to walk properly.
If the person is dragging their leg, it is known as a positive Trendelenburg sign.
Knee Joint
Consists of…
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Patellar ligament
