Neuropharm of Opiates Flashcards
___ is a fast acting opiate antagonist which can be used to treat overdose. It is active __ only
Naloxone; parenterally (IV)
The kappa receptor subtype binds the endogenous ligand ____
dynorphin
Both ___ (A-fiber) and ____ (C-fiber) pain are alleviated by opioids
somatic; visceral
Opioid pain is still ___ but the patients don’t ___
felt; care
__ ___ a CNS effect, is the cause of death in opioid overdose
respiratory depression
Some opioid users feel ___, a negative CNS side effect
dysphoria
Another CNS effect is ___-____, or cough suppresent
anti-tussive
Two obvious CNS effects are ____ (pain) and ____ for sleep
analgesia; sedation
A positive CV side effect of opioids is ______, which is important for CHF. A negative CV side effect is _____
vasodilation; bradycardia
The eye effect of opioids is pupillary _____
constriction
Two skin effects are ____ (sweating) and ____ (itching)
anhydrosis; pruritus
The GI symptom of opioids is __
constipation
Morphine onset is ____ and it lasts ___ hours
rapid; 3-4
Oral doses of morphine are much ___ due to the first pass effect
higher
Delta receptors modulate pain in the ___ ___, specifically the __ ___ __
spinal cord; dorsal root ganglion
Mu receptors modulate pain in both the ___ ___ and the ___ ___ area (thalamus, PAG, sensory cortex)
spinal cord; supra-spinal area
Mu receptors do the ___ (amount) of the pain relief in the ___ structures
majority; cortical
Euphoria by opioids is produced in the ___
VTA
__ is produced in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla
Nausea
____ depression is produced in the ___ __
respiratory; brainstem
High levels of PCO2 due to opioids can lead to increased ____, so use with caution during a head injury
ICP
Antitussive action is done in the ___
medulla
Mu opioid receptors sit on ____ interneurons and stop them from inhibiting ____ neurons, and they also ___ the signal in the NA and the PFC
GABA; dopaminergic; amplify
Patients with ___ ___ should be given opioids with caution because opioids can cause the loss of ____ of the biliary tract
gallstones; contraction
Opioids decrease action of the ___ protein and ultimately decrease ___ ____
CREB; gene transcription
Pharmacodynamic tolerance is less/more relevant in opioid addiction than pharmacokinetic tolerance
more
The phosphorylation of opioid receptors causes a switch in chronic opioid users from G_ to G_
Gi to Gs
___ (process) of the Mu receptor causes it to be internalized and may be responsible for tolerance
phosphorylation
Chronic morphine use causes loss of ____ ____ on neurons
dendritic spines
___ neurogenesis is also caused by chronic morphine use
hippocampal
Although withdrawal symptoms are mild for opioids, ___ are what cause people to relapse and ____ can trigger them
cravings; cues
Suboxone is naloxone plus ____ which is a partial agonist so addicts can’t abuse this drug
buprenorphine
The _ allele SNP has lower levels of the __ receptor; they have a ___ response to an agonist and a __ response to an antagonist. They have a strong positive response to ____
G; mu; hypo; hyper; alcohol
