Neurobiology of Psychosis

Question 1

The ___ pathway is a final common pathway for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 1

dopamine

Question 2

Patients with the highest level of endogenous __ showed the best response to antipsychotic drugs

Answer 2

dopamine

Question 3

Schizophrenic patients have larger ___ and a progressive loss of ___ ____

Answer 3

ventricles; gray matter

Question 4

Schizophrenic patients have more disorganized ____ __ tracts

Answer 4

white matter

Question 5

The heritability of schizophrenia is __%

Answer 5

60

Question 6

Schizophrenia has a __-__ hypothesis, with one __ coming early and one __ coming late

Answer 6

two-hit; environmental factor

Question 7

The ___ gene, which is involved with prepulse inhibition, is hypomorphic in schizophrenics

Answer 7

neuregulin

Question 8

A test to see if a drug has antipsychotic properties is to see if it restores which inhibition?

Answer 8

Prepulse inhibition

Question 9

Schizophrenics are more likely to be born during ___ due to increased maternal inflammation

Answer 9

winter

Question 10

Brain anomalies like smaller ___ __ and posterior __ are more common in schizophrenics

Answer 10

olfactory bulbs; sinuses

Question 11

Psychological stressors like _____ status and substance abuse of ____ can be the late second hit for schizophrenia

Answer 11

immigration; marijuana

Question 12

Dysfunction of ___ gene is associated with schizophrenia and causes neuronal ____ malfunction

Answer 12

DISC1; migration

Question 13

There is a reduction in genes involved with ___ transmission in schizophrenics

Answer 13

synaptic

Question 14

Pyramidal ____ may also be malfunctioning in schizophrenics

Answer 14

interneurons

Question 15

___ receptor blockade at the interneuron causes hyperactivity of pyramidal cells and may increase downstream ____ levels. It also has a ____ effect

Answer 15

NMDA; dopamine; neurotoxic

Question 16

Schizophrenics have impaired __ hz firing; they don’t fire in sync like normal people after inhibition, which impairs their ability to perceive

Answer 16

40

Question 17

The second insult of schizophrenia occurs during ____ because the brain is undergoing synaptic pruning then

Answer 17

early adulthood