Neurobiology of Anxiety Flashcards
Yerkes-Dodson law correlates high performance with ____ arousal and anxiety
medium
What are the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome and what NTs and organs are involved?
Alarm reaction; nerves carry signals to the adrenal medulla which release Epi and Norepi
What is the pathway for the alarm reaction
Neuroendocrine cells release CRH into anterior pituitary, which releases ACTH into blood, which stimulates adrenal cortex to release adrenal steroids like cortisol
The _____ stage occurs after the stressor and decreases levels of stress hormones
adaptation
The ___ stage is the reaction to frequently repeated stress
exhaustion
Causes of the exhaustion stage include exhaustion of ____ reserves, ____ to produce _____, and failure of ______ balance
lipid; inability to produce glucocorticoids; electrolyte
____ receptor is most closely linked to anxiety and is the binding site for ______ (drug)
GABA-A; benzos
Excess ____ signaling may contribute to anxiety
norepinephrine
Drugs that block _____ reuptake reduce anxiety
serotonin or 5-HT
Learning not to fear- presenting the __ without the ___ will extinguish the fear response
Conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
The fear response is ____ dependent- it can return in the original location of the conditioning
context
The pathway of conditioning with involves the cortex is only needed for ___ conditioning (distinguishing conditioned stimulus from a simultaneous non-conditioned stimulus)
differential
The __ ____ bypasses conscious processing and reach _____ and ____ immediately for quick responses
low road; thalamus; amygdala
The ___ ___ takes longer an carries more information and goes through the ____
high road; hippocampus
Both the high and low road converge in the ____ nucleus of the thalamus
lateral
The ____ does higher order processing in the fear response
hippocampus
The ___ does both cued and contextual fear responses, but the ____ is only required for contextual fear responses
amygdala; hippocampus
The ___ is important for extinction (inhibition of expression of fear learning)
cortex
_____ blockade in the ___ interferes with extinction
NMDA; amygdala
Emotions can occur in the absence of ____ input
cognitive
Emotion ___ perception through back projections from the ____ to the sensory areas
bias; amygdala
