Attachment Flashcards
What are the three qualities of social attachment?
Strong, Enduring, Specific
What is the major goal of the biological process called bonding?
Development and maintenance of closeness
What sense and neurotransmitter is critical for the identification of the mother by the child?
Smell and NE
What does the somatosensory system enable the pup to do?
Orient itself to suckle
Which 2 NTs are maternal behavior of attachment mediated by?
Oxytocin and Estrogen
Estrogen regulates the number of what?
Oxytocin receptors
Why do crack and haloperidol disrupt maternal behavior?
It blocks dopamine, which mediates maternal behavior
Prairie voles have their oxytocin receptor distributed where and what does this cause?
They are in the Prelimbic Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens, which are the reward centers. This causes this animal to be monogamous and raise its kids.
What’s blocked in the female prairie vole after you inject oxytocin receptor antagonist specifically in the NA or the PLC?
Partner preference
Oxytocin helps what contract?
Uterus
Under intense stress/trauma, what circuits are primed by oxytocin to form attachments?
Social reward circuit
What conditions are needed to develop attachment?
Sufficient interaction with caregiver, discriminative ability of infant, mirror neurons of infant, baby must perceive caregiver as permanent
Phase I, indiscriminate sociability, occurs during ____ and they behave in the same way to anyone who acts as a _______. They also develop a social ____
first two months; caregiver; smile
Phase II has infants _____ between familiar people and strangers. Age range is ____
differentiating; 2-7 months
Infants can _____ interactions during phase II with their caregivers
influence
Phase III infants can use their caregiver as a ____ ___ to explore
secure base
What is the still face experiment?
When a baby interacts with an expressionless mom, it tries to elicit a reaction then it turns away looking sad as hell
When do children development stranger anxiety and what is it?
6-8 months; it’s a distress reaction to a stranger because the baby can’t assimilate the new faces
When do children development separation anxiety and what is it?
Child placed in a weird place without their caregiver (they also can’t find them) at 10-18 months.
Three factors which are important to strong and healthy attachments
Attunement (appropriate intensity in parent-child interaction), predictability of parental response, and time sensitivity (2 years)
When does the avoidant response occur?
When the parents are consistently bad at parenting (don’t follow the three rules of strong and healthy attachments_
Attunement is learning the “____” of your child- to prevent the mismatch with need and nurturance
language
What is intentional attunement?
A phenomenal state where familiarity is generated with someone else due to internalizations
Depressed moms have less ______ ____ to their own child’s cry
neural activation
Three phases of separation response
protest (cry), then despair (hopelessness), finally detached to the situation
Initially, babies get ___ in response to loss. If ___ doesn’t occur with new caregivers, babies will become _____ _____
depressed; reorganization; emotionally blunted
What is failure to thrive?
Babies don’t move, gain weight, engage the word
Anaclitic depression involves what position?
Fetal
