neurons TEST 2

Question 1

The smallest units of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and transmitting information. The human brain contains around 100 billion neurons.

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

Short fibers branching from the neuron’s cell body that receive INCOMING messages.

Answer 2

Dendrites

Question 3

A long fiber that carries outgoing messages from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

Nerve or Tract

Answer 4

A group of axons bundled together.

Question 5

A fatty covering around some axons that insulates and speeds up signal transmission.

White Matter:

Gray Matter:

Answer 5

Myelin Sheath

Tissues made of myelinated axons.

Tissues made of unmyelinated axons.

Question 6

Sensory (Afferent) Neurons:

Motor (Efferent) Neurons:

Interneurons (Association Neurons):

Answer 6

Carry messages from sense organs to the brain/spinal cord.

Carry messages from the brain/spinal cord to muscles and glands.

Carry messages to the brain then between neurons.

Question 7

Functions of the Glial cells (5)

Answer 7

Support neurons
form myelin sheath
remove waste
protect the brain
aid in learning and memory.

Question 8

Acetylcholine (ACh): (3)

Answer 8

Functions: Involved in memory, attention, and Stimulates your muscles.

Imbalances: Alzheimer’s disease; too much can cause spasms, too little can cause paralysis.

Question 9

Dopamine: (4)

Answer 9

Functions: Affects voluntary movement, learning, memory, and emotions.

Imbalances: Linked to Parkinson’s disease (low dopamine) and schizophrenia (high dopamine).

Question 10

Serotonin: (4)

Answer 10

Functions: Regulates mood, sleep, eating, and pain.

Imbalances: Low serotonin is associated with depression.

Question 11

Endorphins: (1)

Answer 11

Functions: reduces pain and are released during exercise, providing a feeling of well-being (“runner’s high”).

Imbalances: Reduced natural endorphins in addiction to opiates like morphine.