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BRS > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is dorsal?

A

Towards back (horizontally)

Superior (brain)

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2
Q

What is ventral?

A

Towards front (horizontally)

Inferior (brain)

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3
Q

Whta is rostral?

A

Towards head (spine)

Anterior (brain)

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4
Q

What is caudal?

A

Towards end of spinal cord (spine)

Posterior (brain)

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5
Q

What planes are these?

A
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6
Q

How is the nervous system divided?

A

Central nervous system : brain and spinal ord

Peripheral nervous system: nerves that origionate from CNS

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7
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Neurones concerned with detecting changes in external environment

Voluntary

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8
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Made up of neurones which detect changes in viscera and central activity of the viscera (viscera = internal organs)

Non- voluntary

Divided into sympathetic and parasympathtic nervous system

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9
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system innervate?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, secretory glands

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10
Q

What are afferent neurones?

A

Carry information from peripheral receptors to CNS

If information reaches conciousness theyre called sensory neurones

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11
Q

What are efferent neurones?

A

Carry impulses away from CNS

If they innervate skeletal muscle they’re also called motor neurones

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12
Q

What are interneurones?

A

Vast majority of neurones

Located within the CNS

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13
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Regions enriched with cell bodies

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14
Q

What is white matter?

A

Regions which contain mostly nerve processes which are often myelinated

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15
Q

What are nuclei?

A

Regions with nerve cell bodies with similar anatomical connections

Nerve processes sharing common connections and functions tend to run in pathways or tracts

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16
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

Thick layer of brain tissue folded to increase surface area

This forms gyri (a ridge) and sulci (a groove)

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17
Q

What is a foramen?

A

An opening- can see more gyri and sulci in it

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18
Q

Label the following

A

Lateral sulcus also known as sylvian fissure

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19
Q

What can be found at the precentral gyrus?

A

Primry motor cortex- electrical stimulation of this area leads to movement of muscle groups on other side of body

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20
Q

What can be found at the postcentral gyrus?

A

Primary sensory cortex- responsible for processing somatic sensations on oposite side of the body

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21
Q

What is the role of broca’s area?

A

Responsible for speech production

Leison of this area leads to inability to produce speech but comprehension remains

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22
Q

What is the role of wernike’s area?

A

Responsible for comprehension of writen and spoken language

Lesion of this area means they can make sentences but they have no meaning (random words in a sentence)

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23
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

Dura Mater: divided into periosteal (top) and meningeal (bottom). Thick and inelastic

Arachnoid mater: thin and elastic. Has spiderlike projections

Pia Mater: very thin and delicate

24
Q

What is found between unfused periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater?

A

Forms dural venous sinuses

25
Q

What space is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater?

A

Subdural space

26
Q

What space is found between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

A

Subarachnoid space

This is where cerebrospinal fluid accumulates

27
Q

What do the 2 layers of the dura mater come together to form?

A

Falx cerebri

Divides the 2 hemespheres of the brain

28
Q

What divides the cerebellum from the occipital lobe?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

29
Q

What is the most significant bood vessel that supplies the meninges?

A

Middle meningeal artery

Branches of the maxillary artery

30
Q

What supplies blood to the brain?

A

Internal carotid arteries (80%) and vertebral arteries (20%)

They form the circle of willis at base of brain

31
Q

Label the following

A
32
Q

What is the space between the dura of the spinal cord and the bone of the vertebral column called?

A

Epidural space

Anesthesia and analgesics can be administered here

33
Q

Where can CSF be drawn from?

A

Lumbar cistern

The dura mater and arachnoid mater extend several vertebrae below end of spinal cord creating a CSF fluid dilled area with no spinal cord

34
Q

What does the anterior communicating artery supply?

A

Middle and superior parts of frontal lobe and anterior parietal lobe

35
Q

What does the posterior communication artery supply?

A

Supplies medial thalamic surface and walls of 3rd ventricle

36
Q

What deos the basilar artery supply?

A

Directly supplies the brainstem and cerebellum and provides distal flow to thalami and medial temporal and parietal lobes

37
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply?

A

Supplies posterior fossa and occipital lobes and provides vertebral column blood supply

38
Q

What does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A

Provides blood flow to cerebellum

39
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

A communicating network of cavities filled with CSF

40
Q

What are the lateral ventricles?

A

Right and left

Has 3 lateral horns (inferior [temporal], anterior [frontal], posterior [occipital])

Related to the cerebral hemesphere

41
Q

What is the foramen of monroe?

A

Connects lateral and 3rd ventricle

42
Q

What is the 3rd ventricle?

A

Narrow cavity of diencephalon

43
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Connects 3rd ventricle and 4th ventricle

Related to the midbrain

44
Q

What is the 4th ventricle?

A

Fastigium is extension of ventricle into cerebellum

Floor of ventricle is called rhomboid fossa

Laterall recess is extension of ventricle on dorsal inferior cerebellar penduncle

Related to pons and medulla

45
Q

What is the lateral foramen of Luschka?

A

Coonects 4th ventricle to subarachnoid space

46
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

Composed of left and right hempeshere which are joined by corpus callosum

47
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

Top most part of brainstem

Made up of 3 parts: colliculi, tegmentum and cerebral penduncles

48
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

Hypothalamus and thalamus

49
Q

Label the following

A
50
Q

Label the following

A
51
Q

What is CSF?

A

Clear, colouless fluid that surrounds the brain forming a protective layer

Fluid reduces strain forces like gravity on brain

It removes toxins and regulates the extracellular environement of neurones

52
Q

What happens if CSF circulation is blocked or is abnormally excessive?

A

Leads to increassed stress and expansion of ventricles

This is know as hydrocephalus- can be life threatening

53
Q

Label the following

A

A: anterior cerebral artery

B: middle cerebral artery

C: posterior cerebral artery

54
Q

What is the role of the anterior cerebral artery?

A

Supplies motor cortex for foot

55
Q

What is the role of the middle cerebral artery?

A

Supplies most cortexes

Motor cortex for face and arm

Sensory cortex for arm

Broca’s and wernicke’s area

56
Q

What is the role of the posterior cerebral artery?

A

Supplies primary visual cortex

BRS (60 decks)

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