Depression and schizophrenia Flashcards
What is a delusion?
A fixed thought or belief which you will not stop believing. Though is not shared with others in culture or society
What are core features of depression?
Pervasive low mood/ sadness
Loss of energy (anergia)
Loss of engagement (anhedonia)
What are physical symptoms of depression?
Loss of appetite Weight loss Diurnal variation of mood Poor sleep Loss of libido Constipation
What are physiological symptoms of depression?
Poor concentration Feelings of guilt Feelings of helplessness Low self-esteem Indecisiveness
How prevalent is suicide?
Most common cause of death in young men
Male to female ratio is 3:1
Hanging is most common method
What treatments are used for depression?
Antidepressants- responsive after 2-3 weeks
Psychological therapies - 12 sessions cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Social prescribing- e.g. exercise, company
90% of patients make full recovery
What characterises bipolar disorder?
Periods of depression, may recover, may get depression again and then may become high and manic
What is mania?
Periods where mood becomes elated and feeling overjoyed
What are symptoms of mania?
Irritability Over- energised Grandiose (delusions and fake beliefs which are grandiose) Little need for sleep Poor concentration Poor judgement Over-spending Rapid speech
What are extracampine hallucinations?
Hallucinations arising from outside the normal field of perception (e.g. hearing people miles away)
What is schizophrenia and what are symptoms?
Hallucinations: hearing, seeing or feeling things which aren’t there
Delusions: fixed false beliefs not shared by others in culture or society
Abnormal behaviour: disorganised behaviour such as wandering aimlessly, laughing to self, self-neglect
Disorganised speech: incoherent or irrelevant speech
Disturbances of emotion: apathy or disconnection between reported emotion and what is observed e.g. body language
What is formal though disorder?
Comes under schizophrenia
Failing to follow the semantic and syntactic rules of language- saying words but not forming sentences which make sense
What is treatment for schizophrenia?
Antipsychotics
Physiological therapies
Family therapy
Art therapies
