Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of epilepsy?

A

Traumatic brain injury
CNS infection
Brain tumours
Stroke

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2
Q

What are other factors associated to epilepsy?

A

Alzheimer’s
Prenatal injuries when existing neurological handicap
Family history

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3
Q

What lobes are affected and what are the symptoms?

A

Temporal lobe- memory loss, affected speech production, smacking lips, picking at clothes
Focal seizures mostly arise from temporal lobe

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4
Q

What are clinical features of epilepsy?

A

Abnormal taste, smell, touch
Deja Vu/ Jamais Vu
Abdominal pain

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5
Q

What is a focal seizure?

A

Characterised by local brain activity which leads to symptoms that typically seize 1 side of body or 1 specific body part

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6
Q

What 6 drugs can be used to treat epilepsy?

A
  1. diazepam
  2. lamotrigine
  3. pregabaline
  4. levetiracetam
  5. tiagabine
  6. vigabritin
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7
Q

How does diazepam work?

A

Target: GABAa receptor
Action: increases GABA activation of receptor. Causes Cl- influx, makes it harder to produce AP

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8
Q

How does lamotrigine work?

A

Target: VGSC
Action: blocks channel in glutaminergic neurones- less NT release

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9
Q

How does pregabaline work?

A

Target: VGCaC
Action: blocks channel in glutaminergic neurones- less NT release

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10
Q

How does levetiracetam work?

A

Target: synaptic vesicle protein SV2A
Action: interferes with vesicle fusion - less exocytosis of glutamate

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11
Q

How does tiagabine work?

A

Target: GABA reuptake transporter
Action: prevents GABA from leaving synapse- binds to GABA receptor for longer so increased Cl- influx

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12
Q

How does vigabritin work?

A

Target: GABA transaminase enzyme
Action: blocks enzyme. GABA not broken down well in presynaptic terminal so GABA build up. Reuptake slows down. GABA remains in synapse longer

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