Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BRS > Joints and connective tissue > Flashcards

Joints and connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 key features of connective tissue?

A
  1. Doesn’t occur in free surfaces
  2. Has nerve supply
  3. Highly vascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 classes of components that make up connective tissue?

A

Cells
Fibres
Ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cells are found in connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts: migrate through connective tissues secreting fibres and ground substance
Macrophages: develop white blood cells and phagocytose
Mast cells- produce histamine
Adipocytes- fat cells, store triglycerides
WBCs- plasma cells, lymphocytes, leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 different fibres found in connective tissue?

A
  1. Collagen- strong fibres, resist force, toughest type
  2. Elastic- narrower than collagen fibres, made of elastin, found in blood vessels, skin etc.
  3. Reticular- provide support for walls of blood vessels, net/mesh like structure, made of collagen with glycoprotein coating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up ground substance?

A

Macromolecules and multi-adhesive glycoproteins that are between cells and fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of ground substance?

A

Supports cells and facilitates exchange between cells by providing an exchange medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 cartilage subtypes?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are characteristics of hyaline cartilage?

A

Most abundant cartilage but weakest

Found at ends of long bones- cushions joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are characteristics of elastic cartilage?

A

Elastic and structural cartilage- found in external ear
Has thread like network of elastic fibres
Similar to hyaline with increased elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are characteristics of fibrocartilage?

A

Stringiest but no perichondrium
Found in invertebrate disks
Visible bundles of collagen fibres
Shock- absorbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different types of collagen?

A

Type I- skin, tendon, organs, bone, ligament
Type II- cartilage
Type III- reticulate
Type IV- basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 classifications of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous- bones connect by fibrous connective tissue
  2. Cartilaginous- bones connects with cartilage
    - primary- synchondrosis: connected by hyaline cartilage
    - secondary symphysis: connected by fibrocartilage
  3. Synovial joints- articulation surrounded by synovial capsule. Bones do not directly connect at joint surfaces but are strengthened by surrounding structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the different synovial joints?

A

Uniaxial- movement in 1 direction
Biaxial- movement in 2 directions
Multiaxial- movements in many directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are types of uniaxial synovial joints?

A

Hinge joint: only allows flection and extension
Plane joint: permit gliding or sliding
Pivot joint: rounded process of bone fits into bony ligament socket allowing rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are types of biaxial joints?

A

Saddle joint: saddle shaped head

Condyloid: permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are types of multiaxial joints?

A

Ball and socket: rounded head fits into concavity

17
Q

How is joint mobility classified?

A

Synarthrosis- little or no mobility
Ampiarthrosis- limited mobility (often fibrocartillaginous)
Diarthrosis- freely mobile (mostly synovial)

18
Q

What are tendons?

A

Join skeletal muscle to bone
Stiff and long bundles of collagen fibres
Transit muscle force to bone, store elastic potential energy and resist compressive stresses
Mainly water, collagen, elastin, proteoglycans and inorganic compounds

19
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Connects bone to bone
Strong bundles of collagen fibres
Have functional units that tighten or loosen depending in joint position
Contain proprioceptors and some blood vessels
Prevent excessive movement damaging joints

20
Q

How does the number of ligaments affect stability?

A

More ligaments and tight ligaments = more stability but less mobility
Less ligaments and looser ligaments = less stability but more mobility

21
Q

What makes up cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

Made up of collagenous ECM and ground substance

22
Q

What is the role of cartilage?

A

Allows shop absorption to prevent friction and protects long bones
Worn down in osteoarthritis

23
Q

What are 3 other structures which stabilise joints?

A

Retinaculum
Aponeurosis
Bursa

24
Q

What is retinaculum?

A

Tickened band of deep facia close to a joint

Band holds down tendon during muscle contraction to prevent bow- stringing

25
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

Flat and sheet like formed from tendon or ligament
Provides broad attachment for muscle which will distribute mechanical load over a large area than a typical tendon would
Also protects underlying structures

26
Q

What is bursa?

A

Closed sac of serous membrane
Membranes of bursa secrete lubricating fluid to interior
Found at sites subject to friction
Inflammation (bursitis) is very painful

BRS (60 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions