Introduction to tissues Flashcards
What are the 4 primary types of tissues?
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue
Whta are levels of organisation in the body?
Simple elements or atoms- carbon, hydrogen etc.
Complex molecule- proteins, amino acids, lipids etc.
Cell organelles- cell membranes, nucleus, mitochondria etc
Cells- types of cells: fibroblasts, enterocytes etc.
Tissues- muscles, nerve, epithelial etc.
Organs- heart, lung, stomach etc.
Systems- cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive etc.
Organism- human
What is histology?
The study of tissues
Whats the difference between gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy?
Gross anatomy: use of dissection and naked eye
Microscopic anatomy: use of histological preperation and microscope
What are the primary germ layers?
Found in embryo Ectoderm- primary germ layer Mesoderm- inner primary germ layer Endoderm- third primary germ layer All cells and tissues are derived from these 3 germ layers
What is connective tissue?
Most abundant and widely distributed type of tissue
Derived from the mesodermal layer of embryo
Provides mechanical and metabolic support
Components: cells and ECM
What are subdivisions of connective tissue (CT)?
Loose alveolar CT, dense CT, reticular CT
Adipose CT
Cartilage and bone
Blood and lymph
Theres loose connective tissue: fibroblasts and adipocytes
Skin has loose and dense connective tissue and collagen fibres
What is epithelial tissue?
Derived from all 3 germ layers
Theres 2 groups:
1. Covering/ lining or surface epithelia
- oral cavity, skin, vagina, respiratory tract etc.
2. Glandular epithelia
- sebaceous, salivary, maxillary glands, exocrine and endocrine glands
What types of surface epithelia are there?
Squamous:
- Simple squamous: found where exchange of fluids or gases takes place (small blood vessels)
- stratified squamous: mainly protective (skin, mouth, vagina)
Cuboidal and columnar:
- simple cuboidal- protective and involved in diffusion of substances (salivary gland ducts, kidney tubules)
- simple columnar- various diffusion and absorption functions (stomach, intestine, gall bladder)
- simple columnar ciliated- can move substances or structures (Fallopian tube)
- pseudostratified columnar ciliated (respiratory tract)
Transitional type:
- transitional epithelium- protects bladder wall and underlying tissues (urinary tract, bladder)
What is muscle tissue?
Derived from the mesodermal layer of embryo
It produces movement
What are the types of muscle fibres?
Skeletal/ striated
Cardiac
Smooth
What is nerve tissue?
Derived from ectoderm of embryo It generated and conducts electrical impulses Components: -Neurones/ nerve cells- excitable cells -Nerve fibres- axons and dendrites -Neuroglia- supportive cells
