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SRNAanatomy > NEURO Part III > Flashcards

NEURO Part III Flashcards

1
Q

Diencephalon made up of (2)

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Midbrain

A

Superior colliculus

Inferior colliculus

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3
Q

Medula oblongata

A

Resp control center: Regulates breathing
CV control center
Reflex center: coughing, swallowing, vomiting, and seizing

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4
Q

Pons relay signal between _______ and ________, and is in charge also ___________ ______Centers

A

Relay Signals between MEDULLA and CEREBRAL CORTEX

RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTERS

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5
Q

Midbrain has different parts

A

Substantia nigra produce dopamine
Low levels= PArkinson
High Levels= wooden chest Syndrome ( in rapid anesthesia induction with fentanyl.

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6
Q

Cerebral peduncles (not important)

A

fibers that connect upper and lower

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7
Q

Adverse effect: Wooden Chest syndrom

A

rare side effect during anesthesia with IV fentanyl and other synthetic opioids

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8
Q

Causes of wooden chest

A

Increase dopamine

Decrease GABA

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9
Q

Etiology

A

Increased muscle tone resulting in chest wall

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10
Q

Regulate body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

Mamillary bodies

A

Relay stations for smell and taste reflexes

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12
Q

Optic chasm

A

pineal glands is the biological clock

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13
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance and posture

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14
Q

Cerebrum how many lobes, name them

A

many lobes

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15
Q

Precentral gyrus is responsible for _____function

A

Motor function

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16
Q

Broca’s area

A

Production of speech

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17
Q

wernickes

A

recognizes spoke words and translate words

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18
Q

wernickes Area

A

recognizes spoke words and translate words

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19
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Receives control from the Right side of the body

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20
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Receives control from the left side of the body

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21
Q

Involve with emotion

A

Limbic system

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22
Q

Recognizes angry or fearful facial expressions, assesses danger, and elicits the fear
response (amygdala)

A

Limbic System

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23
Q

CSF is secreted by

A

Chlorid Plexus

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24
Q

CSF low through intraventricular foramen into 3rd ventricle

A

Foramen of Monroe

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25
Q

CSF flow down cerebral aqueduct to fourth ventricle

A

Aqueduct of Slyvius

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26
Q

For cauda equina

A

Terminates at L2, go below for lumbar punctures

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27
Q

Cervical plexus

A

C1-C5

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28
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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29
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

L1 to L4

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30
Q

Sacral

A

L4-S4

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31
Q

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the

A

Precentral GYRUS

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32
Q

The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex.

A

PRIMARY SENSORY cortex

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33
Q

The central sulcus divides which two lobes?

A

frontal lobe and parietal lobe

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34
Q

The cerebral lobe posterior to the central sulcus is the

A

parietal lobe.

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35
Q

Somatosensory

A

Impulses from touch, proprioception (joints),

pain, & temperature

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36
Q

Impulses from touch, proprioception (joints),

pain, & temperature

A

Somatosensory

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37
Q

Initiates impulses to skeletal muscles

A

Primary Motor area

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38
Q

In order to take notes the primary motor cortex must receive input from the ________ first.

A

PREMOTOR CORTEX

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39
Q

Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to

A

Play piano

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40
Q

The complex integration of sensory information with visual and auditory memories occurs in this area near the auditory cortex?

A

Wernicke’s area

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41
Q

Kevin can think of the word he wants to say but cannot make his mouth form the correct sounds to produce the word. He is most likely suffering from damage to

A

Broca’s area

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42
Q

______recognizes spoken words/translates words

A

Wernicke’s area

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43
Q

Broca’s Speech area:

A

initiates impulses that result in speech

left hemisphere

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44
Q

Received somatic sensory information from and control muscles from the RIGHT side of the body

A

Left Hemisphere

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45
Q

Received somatic sensory information from and control muscles from the LEFT side of the body

A

RIGHT Hemisphere

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46
Q

The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention.

A

RETICULAR SYSTEM

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47
Q

Controls alertness and attention

A

RETICULAR SYSTEM.

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48
Q

Recognizes angry or fearful facial expressions, assesses danger, and elicits the fear response (amygdala)

A

Limbic system

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49
Q

Provides emotional impact that helps establish memories.

A

Limbic system

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50
Q

The system that functions in tying together emotions, motivation and memory is the:

A

Limbic system

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51
Q

To return CSF to circulation, arachnoid granulations extend into the

A

superior sagittal sinus.

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52
Q

CSF is a clear, colorless fluid similar to plasma & interstitial fluid.
Circulates between __________
Contains _____,_______, ___, ____,ph___
Prevents the brain from tugging on the meninges, nerve roots, and blood vessels.
-is produced by the _________(composed of modified ependymal cells and fenestrated capillaries) in the ventricles.
Is reabsorbed through the _________
Exerts pressure within the _____ and _____

A
  • 125 to 150 ml in the ventricles
  • glucose, protein, albumin, electrolytes, pH 7.3
  • choroid plexuses
  • arachnoid villi
  • brain and spinal cord
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53
Q

Within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the

A

Basal nuclei

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54
Q

The lateral ventricles are found

A

In the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

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55
Q

Specialized ________ form the secretory component of the choroid plexus.

A

EPENDYMAL cells

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56
Q

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the

A

Fourth

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57
Q

How rapidly is the CSF volume replaced?

A

8 hours

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58
Q

CSF is absorbed into the venous circulation via ___________

A

arachnoid granulations.

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59
Q

Puncture below spinous process of L4 for

A

Lumbar injection for EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA

60
Q

Puncture ABOVE Spinous process of L4 for

A

Lumbar spinal puncture for CSF draw and spinal anesthesia

61
Q

In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid.

A

CHOROID PLEXUS

62
Q

Innervates skin over Upper chest & shoulders

A

Supraclavicular nerves

63
Q

*****Innervates diaphram

A

*****PHRENIC nerve

64
Q

Nerves in the Lumbar plexus (L-FIGOS)

A 
Illiohypogastric
Genitofemoral 
Obturator 
Femoral
Saphenous nerves
65
Q

A total loss of sensation requires anesthesia of

A

3 successive spinal nerves

66
Q

Each spinal nerve receives sensory input from a specific area of skin called a
dermatome. Overlap at edges by____

A

dermatome; 50%.

67
Q

Spinal nerves are mixed nerves Autonomic motor neuron they have both ______

A

Sensory & Motor neurons

68
Q

The descending spinal tract that crosses to the opposite side of the body within the medulla oblongata is the ________ tract.

A

lateral corticospinal

69
Q

Descending (motor) pathways always involve at least ________ motor neuron(s).

A

2

70
Q

Descending tracts in the spinal cord relay ________ information.

A

MOTOR

71
Q

Identify the descending (motor) tracts in the spinal cord

A

Lateral corticospinal
anterior corticospinal
rubrospinal, medial and lateral reticulospinal, tectospinal, vestibulospinal

72
Q

Anterior spinothalamic tract is involved with which kind of touch?

A

Vague touch

73
Q

Tract responsible for VAGUE TOUCH

A

Anterior spinothalamic tract

74
Q

Tract responsible for pain and temperature

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

75
Q

Fine touch, two-point discrimination &

proprioception

A

POSTERIOR dorsal column

76
Q

precise, voluntary movements from cerebral cortex, down spinal cord, to muscles

A

LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL

77
Q

The spinal tract that relays information concerning crude touch and pressure to the CNS is the

A

Anterior spinothalamic Tract

78
Q

The neurons of the primary motor cortex are ________ cells.

A

PYRAMIDAL

79
Q

The pyramidal system provides

A

voluntary control over skeletal muscles.

80
Q

The corticospinal system is often referred to as the

A

Pyramidal system

81
Q

Damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect

A

Voluntary motor activity

82
Q

What are the 2 PYRAMIDAL TRACTS

A

Anterior Corticospinal Tract

Lateral Corticospinal tract

83
Q

The rubrospinal tracts originate in the

A

red nuclei

84
Q

The spinal tract that normally plays a role in the subconscious regulation of the muscles of the arms is the ________ tract.

A

RUBROSPINAL

85
Q

The ________ tract provides subconscious regulation of upper limb muscle tone and movement and is part of the ________ pathway

A

RUBROSPINAL ; LATERAL

86
Q

Ascending tract in the spinal cord

A

A) gracile fasciculus.
B) cuneate fasciculus.
C) posterior spinocerebellar.
D) anterior spinothalamic.

87
Q

The spinal tract that unconsciously maintains balance and muscle tone is the ________ tract.

A

VESTIBULOSPINAL

88
Q

EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS (VORR)

A

Rubrospinal
Recticulospinal
Olivospinal
Vetibulospinal

89
Q

Arrange the spinal meninges from innermost layer to outermost layer

A

PAD (Pia–> Arachnoid-> Dura)

90
Q

The adult spinal cord typically ends between vertebrae

A

L1-L2

91
Q

Enzyme that removes acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft of neuromuscular junctions. Anticholinestrases . Medications inhibiting the enzymes

A

Anticholinestrases ; (Neostigmine, Edrophonium, Pyridostigmine)

92
Q

_________Inhibit insulin secretion on _____ recepots

A

Sympathetic; alpha 2

93
Q

Lypolysis break down of triglycerides

A

beta 3

94
Q

Sympathetic causes _____of pupils on ______

A

dilation; alpha 1

95
Q

Sympathetic causes _____of Airways on ______ (receptors)

A

Dilation: Beta 2

96
Q

This sympathetic receptor agonist will inhibit contraction in pregnant women

A

Beta 2

97
Q

Sympathetic on arterioles __dilation on ____, vasoconstriction on

A

vasodilation on B2

alpha 1, 2

98
Q

Sympathetic on decrease GI motility and tone through ; CONTRACTION of sphinters on

A

beta 2; alpha 1

99
Q

The sympathetic will stimulate the _________ cells of the kidneys to secrete _____ On _____ receptor

A

Juxtaglomerula cells; RENIN; BETA 1

100
Q

Mediates lipolysis and thermogenesis; is

up-regulated in cardiovascular disease.

A

Beta 3

101
Q

__-adrenergic activity: Is associated with relaxation or inhibition.

A

α2

102
Q

CN VII paralysis

A

Bell’s palsy

103
Q

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve.

A

OCULOMOTOR

104
Q

Nerve responsible for pupillary constriction

A

OCULOMOTOR

105
Q

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the ______ the three branches are:

A

V- Trigeminal
Ophtalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

106
Q

Control –>Lateral recus muscle of EYE BALL

A

VI- Adbucens

107
Q

A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex.

A

A) corneal

108
Q

Distribution posterior ___of the tongue for GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL nerve; has ______Receptors. action :

A

1/3 ; CAROTID

Secretion of saliva, Chemo/baroreceptors signals

109
Q

VAgus nerve is

A

X

110
Q

Movement of head and shoulders

A

XI- Accessory muscles

111
Q

Change in vocal tone, problems swallowing, inability to control urination, erratic heart rate, and gastric problems. You would identify the problem as being related to the

A

Vagus nerve

112
Q

A patient suffers an inability to shrug their shoulders. The nerve most likely to be damaged is the

A

Accessory

113
Q

Parts of the sacral plexus

A

Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve (common fibular nerve and tibial nerve)

114
Q

Parts of the CERVICAL PLEXUS: C-SP

A

Supraclavicular nerve

Phrenic nerve

115
Q

Parts of the Brachial PLEXUS (AMRUM)

A 
Axillary nerve
Musculocuteneous nerve
Median Nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
116
Q

CSF flows within the ________

A

Subarachnoid space

117
Q

Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the

A

SUBARACHNOID SPACE

118
Q

Conus medullaris is found at _____in adults

A

L1

119
Q

Bundles of axons in the CNS are called

A

Tracts

120
Q

Axons cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other through the

A

Anterior white commissure

121
Q

The gray horns contain mainly

A

Neurons cell bodies

122
Q

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the

A

Gray commissures

123
Q

Sensory information from visceral organs is carried by the

A

Sympathetic

124
Q

Nerve plexuses are formed by interconnecting branches of the

A

Anterior rami

125
Q

The largest peripheral nerve is the ________ nerve.
motor ___
sensation ____

A

Sciatic
white?
Gray?

126
Q 
The anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plexus.
A) cervical
B) Brachial
C) lumbar
D) sacral
E) thoracic
A

B) brachial

127
Q

a virus infects _______ ________ ___, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes. condition is ______ . the virus is

A

posterior root ganglia; Varicella zoster

128
Q

The complex, interwoven network of nerves is called ______a complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the anterior rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n) ____

A

Plexus

129
Q 
Each of the following nerves originates in the lumbar plexus except the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve.
A) saphenous
B) sciatic
C) femoral
D) obturator
E) genitofemoral
A

Sciatic

130
Q

The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm.

A

PHRENIC

131
Q

The specific strip of skin that is innervated by a specific spinal nerve is called a

A

Dermatome

132
Q

The neural “wiring” of a single reflex is called a(n)

A

A) reflex arc.

133
Q

The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex.

A

TENDON

134
Q

Spinal interneurons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in a process called

A

RECIPROCAL INHIBITION

135
Q

Place the following events of a reflex arc in the correct order: 1) motor neuron activation, 2) sensory neuron activation, 3) sensory receptor activation, 4) Information processing, 5) effector response.

A

B) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5

136
Q

The axillary, radial, and ulnar nerves branch from which plexus?

A

Brachial

137
Q

A reflex arc is the wiring pattern of neurons that underlie a particular reflex. A reflex arc consists of three elements at the minimum: (1) a sensory receptor and neuron to carry afferent information to the CNS; (2) an excitatory synapse on a motor neuron; (3) the motor neuron to generate an action potential and conduct the impulse to an effector such as a skeletal muscle motor unit.

A

True

138
Q

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

A

lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.

139
Q

The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

140
Q

Which of the following is an inherited disease characterized by destruction of ACh-secreting and GABA-secreting neurons in the basal nuclei causing difficulty controlling movements?

A

Huntington’s

141
Q

Carries sensation of fine touch and vibration

A

Dorsal column

142
Q

The spinal tract that relays information concerning crude touch and pressure to the CNS is the

A

Anterior spino-thalamic tract

143
Q

The afferent neuron that carries the sensation and enters the CNS is a ________ neuron.
Delivers sensations to the CNS _____

A

First order

First order

144
Q

Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons.

A

Third

145
Q

The descending spinal tract that crosses to the opposite side of the body within the medulla oblongata is the ________ tract.

A

A) lateral corticospinal

146
Q

Upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tract synapse with neurons in

A

Lateral gray horn of the spinal cord

147
Q

Motor neurons whose cell bodies are within the spinal cord are called ________ neurons.

A

LOWER

SRNAanatomy (25 decks)

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