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SRNAanatomy > NEURO Part II > Flashcards

NEURO Part II Flashcards

1
Q

In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Choroid Plexus

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2
Q

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called______

A

Ventricles

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3
Q

Where is the CSF reabsorbed through

A

Arachnoid villi

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4
Q

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during “rest and digest.”

A

Parasympathetic

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5
Q

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

A

ThoraLUMBAR Division

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6
Q

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

A

Ganglionic neurons

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7
Q

Preganglionic neurons of the Autonomic nervous system are located in

A

Brainstem

Lateral Gray Horns of Spinal cord.

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8
Q

Ganglionic neurons innervate all of the following (smooth, cardiac, adipose tissue, glands) except:

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state?

A

Digestion

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10
Q

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n)________ neuron.

A

Preganglionic

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11
Q

In which system are the ganglia in or near the target organ? (PNS or SNS)

A

Parasympathetic

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12
Q

The parasympathetic division is also called the ________ division.

A

CRANIO -SACRAL

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT controlled by the ANS?

A

Skeletal System

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14
Q

Visceral motor neuron nuclei are located in which part of the brain?

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Sympathetic postganglion fibers that innervate the small intestines originate from the

A

Superior Mesenteric ganglion

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16
Q

Sympathetic nerves contain postganglionic fibers that innervate organs in which cavity? (think thoracic/lumbar)

A

Thoracic

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17
Q

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers are ________ (short/long) and have ________ axons (myelinated/Unmyelinated)

A

SHORT; myelinated

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18
Q

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

A

Lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.

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19
Q

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia.

A

Chain

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20
Q

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.

A

Collateral

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21
Q

Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

A

Digestive Tract

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22
Q

Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to

A

Dilate the RIGHT PUPIL

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23
Q

Postganglionic axons usually are (myelinated/unmyelinated)

A

Unmyelinated

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24
Q

Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to

A

Conversion of Liver glycogen reserves into glucose

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25
Q

Which is the communication line between the CNS and the body?

A

PNS

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26
Q

Sympathetic nerves contains _____ (short/long) pregangionic fibers and ______(short/long) postganglionic fibers

A

Short; long

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27
Q

The autonomic NS conduct (somatic /visceral) (volu/involuntary)

A

Visceral

Involuntary

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28
Q

4) The ________ nervous system carries impulses to skeletal muscles.

A

Somatic

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29
Q

The heart muscle is a _________effect

A

Visceral

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30
Q

The conversion of the stimulus into an action potential to be interpreted by the brain is called

A

Transduction

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31
Q

This is an arterial bleed of blood vessels that lie within the grooves in the skull.

A

EPIDURAL

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32
Q

esponsible for structural support within a cell?

A

MICROFILAMENTS

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33
Q

Part of the Midbrain

A

Tegmentum
corpora quadrigemina
cerebral peduncles

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34
Q

The brainstem is composed of the ______,_______ and -_____

A

midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons.

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35
Q

Characteristics of Wallerian Degeneration

A

Swelling appears
Neurofilaments atrophy
The axon portion degenerates.

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36
Q

Epinephrine induces general vasodilation because of the predominance of ______ __________

A

β-adrenergic receptors in muscle vasculature.

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37
Q

Broca’s area is most often found on the _____ (L/R) and is responsible for ________ ______

A

left ; motor speech.

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38
Q

Broca’s area is most often found on the _____ (L/R) and is responsible for ________ ______Results in inability to _______ ________

A

left ; motor speech; Deficits in this area result in the inability to form words. This is also called expressive aphasia.

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39
Q

The cerebellum is responsible for _______and _______.

A

balance and posture.

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40
Q

The _________ is responsible for heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting.

A

medulla

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41
Q

The cerebral hemispheres make up the _______

A

forebrain.

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42
Q

Which pathway carries sensory to the CNS

A

Ascending

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43
Q

Transmit a nerve impulse at highest rate

A

LARGE myelinated

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44
Q

Capable of regeneration

A

Myelinated nerves of PNS

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45
Q

The neurotransmitter, norepinehprine is secreted in the

A

Sympathetic postganglion

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46
Q

Both oligodendroglia and schawnn cell share ability to

A

Form a myelin sheath

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47
Q

During a synapse what change occurs

A

the permeability of the post synaptic neuron changes –> membrane potential changes as well.

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48
Q

Large network of Neurons within the brainstem ESSENTIAL FOR WAKERULNESS

A

Reticular activating system

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49
Q

Thought and goal oriented behaviro

A

PREFRONTAL Lobe

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50
Q

Responsible for aspects of speech

A

Broca area of frontal lobe

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51
Q

Parkinson and huntington disease associated with defects in

A

basal ganglia

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52
Q

Maintenance of constant internal environment

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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53
Q

Which funtion of COLLICULI Ability of the eyes to track moving objects

A

SUPERIOR

54
Q

What 2 parts of the brain mediate affect, both emotional and behavioral

A

Limbic system

Prefrontal cortex

55
Q

Reflex activities concerned HR, BP, Respiration, sneezing, swallong

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

56
Q

Which parts of the midbrain do CN V to VIII emerge?

XI to XII

A

PONS; MEDULLA OBLONGATA

57
Q

Which part of the brain controll conscious and unconscious MUSCLE SYNERGY and maintain balance and posture

A

CEREBELLUM

58
Q

Modify spinal reflex arcs

A

UPPER motor neurons (corticospinal tract)

59
Q

Separates brain cerebellum from its cerebrum

A

TENTORIUM CEREBELLI

60
Q

The function of ARACHNOIC VILLI is to

A

Absorb CSF into the cerebral venous sinuses.

61
Q

Where is the CSF produced

A

CHOROID PLEXUSES

62
Q

Meninges closely adheres to surface of the brain

A

PIA mater

63
Q

Brain receives what percentage of CO

A

20%

64
Q

The collateral blood flow to the brain is provided by

A

Circle of WILLIS

65
Q

CN of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

III, VII, IX, X

66
Q

True about the BBB

A

Dependent on astrocytes
Uses meningeal layers of the brain
Naturally occuring inflammatory mediators
Slowing down onset of degenerative brain disease.

67
Q

Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the EYE

A

TROCHLEAR

68
Q

Provides motor and sensory function face, mouth nose and eyes

A

TRIGEMINAL

69
Q

Fibers emerge from midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye

A

OCULOMOTOR

70
Q

Control motor function to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory function from the pharynx and tongue

A

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

71
Q

Innervates muscles that move eye laterally

A

ABDUCENS

72
Q

Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain

A

HYPOGLOSSAL

73
Q

Purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell

A

OLFACTORY

74
Q

Made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs

A

VAGUS

75
Q

Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing

A

Vestibulocochlear

76
Q

Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and laryx

A

Spinal accessory

77
Q

The result of depolarizaton of a postsynaptic membrane

A

EPSP

78
Q

The result of HYPERpolarizaton of a postsynaptic membrane

A

IPSP

79
Q

Space that contains CSF

A

Arachonoid

80
Q

In the CNS, ______ form myelin sheaths

A

OLIGODENDROGLIA

81
Q

In the PNS, ______ form myelin sheaths

A

Schwann cells

82
Q

Cell bodies in the PNS ______ ; cell bodies in the CNS

A

Ganglia; Nuclei

83
Q

Secretes melatonin

A

PINEAL

84
Q

Does Neuron need insulin to take in glucose

A

NO

85
Q

CNS neural ability to change

A

PLASTICITY

86
Q

Epidural space is _____ in the skull and _______ in the spinal cord

A

potential; real

87
Q

ACtion potential begins at

A

Axon hillock

88
Q

Correct order for brain Skin to Cerebral cortex?

A

Skin–> muscle –> periosterum externum –>skull –>Dura –> subdural –> Arachnoid –> Subarachnoid –> pia –> Cerebral cortex

89
Q

Somatic vs Autonomic NS

A

Somatic –> sensory and motor VOLUNTARY

AUTONOMIC –> Sensory and motor INVOLUNTARY

90
Q

Gyrus:
sulcus:
Fissure:

A

Convolution of the cerebral cortex
Shallow groove between adjacent gyri
Deeper groove between adjacent gyri

91
Q

Temporal summation

A

effects of successive, rapid impulses from a single neuron on the same synapse

92
Q

Arterial bleed from grooves of skull

A

EPIDURAL

93
Q

Collection of venous blood between dura and arachnoid

A

Subdural hematoma

94
Q

The integrative centers for autonomous activity

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

95
Q

Neurotransmitter favors alertness is

A

norepinephrine

96
Q

Neurotransmitter favors sleep is

A

Serotonin

97
Q

Headquarters of recticular system acticity

A

Midbrain

98
Q

Most long term in the

A

Cerebral cortex

99
Q

Dreaming occurs during

A

REM

100
Q

Where is the PERIQUEDUCTAL GRAY MATTER LOCATED

A

In the midbrain

101
Q

Where is the brain RAPHE

A

Brainstem

102
Q

Where is the LOCUS COERULEUS

A

Pons

103
Q

Pro-inflammatory mediators causes HYPERALGSIA?

How does NSAIDS work?

A

Bradykinin
Prostanglandings
Substance P
- by decreasing prostaglandins

104
Q

Carpal tunnel examples of

A

Neuropathic pain

105
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters involved in pain transmission

A

Glutamate

Aspartate

106
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA, glycine, Serotonic, Endorphins, Enkephalins, Dynorphins

107
Q

Where are the primary order neurons reside only in the

A

DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA

108
Q

Location of pain is performed by

A

SOMATOSENSORY Cortex

109
Q

Coordinating center of the descending analgesic system is the

A

PAGM

110
Q

Amputation phantom pain is explained by which theory?

A

Neuromatrix theory

111
Q

Transmit dull , aching or burning sensation

A

Unmyelinated C

112
Q

State higher CNS modulates transmission of pain

A

GCT

113
Q

Nerve fibers transmits pain impulses

A

A delta fibers

114
Q

Which spinal carries the most NOCICEPTIVE information

A

Lateral Spinothalamic

115
Q

Major relay station of sensory

A

THALAMUS

116
Q

Learned pain response occur

A

Cerebral cortex

117
Q

Massage therapy relieves pain by closing the pain gate with stimulation ___fibers

A

A-beta

118
Q

Strong MU agonists, endogenous opioid

A

Endorphins

119
Q

Denotes the duration of time or the intensity that a person will endure before outwardly responding

A

TOLERANCE

120
Q

Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury

A

Acute

121
Q

Visceral pain is

A

poorly located and is transmitted by SNS

122
Q

Enkephalins and endorphsin relieve pain by

A

Attaching to opiate receptors sites

123
Q

Long term complication of rewarming

A

Renal failure

124
Q

How does epinephrine raise body temperature

A

Raises metabolic rate

125
Q

Using a fan to reduce body temp

A

Convection

126
Q

How many liters of fluid per hour may be lost by sweating

A

2L

127
Q

Heat loss from the body via radiating occyrs by

A

Emanations of electromagnetic waves

128
Q

Benefit of fever

A

Deprives bacteria of a food source

129
Q

Older adults

A

Sleep time is decreased and takes longer to initiate

130
Q

Elevation of the body temperature without an increase in the HYPOTHALAMIC set point

A

Hyperthermia

SRNAanatomy (25 decks)

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